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Siyanür Zehirlenmesi: Olgu Sunumu

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 11 - 14, 01.01.2010

Öz

Giriş: Siyanür çağlardan beri bilinen, çabuk etkili, küçük dozlarda bile
dakikalar içinde ölüme neden olabilen güçlü bir zehirdir. Madencilik, kimya
sanayi, ziraat gibi pek çok endüstriyel alanda kullanılmaktadır. Güncel
olarak altın madenciliğindeki kullanımı ve çevresel toksisitesi ile ülkemizin
gündemindedir.
Olgu sunumu: 60 yaşında erkek hasta, kuyumcu dükkanında bulunan
siyanürden yanlışlıkla bir yudum içmesinden sonra çağrılan 112 Acil ekibi
tarafından kliniğimize getirildi. Olay yerinde entübe edilen hastanın geliş
fizik muayenesinde genel durumu kötü, bilinci kapalı, TA: 80/60 mmHg,
nabzı 60/dk, spontan solunumu yok, ışık refleksleri -/- ve GKS Skoru 3 idi.
Olay yerinde mide lavajına başlanan hastanın servisimizde mide lavajına
devam edildi, aktif kömür verildi. Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi’nde mekanik
ventilatöre bağlanarak takibe alınan hastaya pozitif inotrop desteği başlandı.
Kan siyanür düzeyi >2.0 mg/L idi. Çekilen beyin tomografisinde beyin
ödemiyle uyumlu görüntü mevcuttu. Antidot olarak Ankara’dan getirtilen 5
gr hidroksikobalamin, ancak zehirlenmenin 9. saatinde verilebildi. İzlemde
pozitif inotrop ve mekanik ventilasyon ihtiyacı ortadan kalkmayan hastanın
kliniğinde belirgin düzelme görülmedi. Zehirlenmenin 4. gününde hasta
kaybedildi. Yapılan otopside siyanür zehirlenmesine bağlı beyinde küçük
noktasal kanamalar ve sağ akciğer üst lobda parankim içi kanama ile yoğun
miktarda ödem mayiine rastlandı.
Tartışma: Siyanür mitokondriyal sitokrom oksidaz enzimini inhibe ederek
hücresel oksijenin kullanımını bozduğundan hücresel hipoksi ortaya
çıkmaktadır. Ağız yoluyla alınmasında zehirlenme yavaş oluşmakta ve
kişinin kurtarılması olanaklı olmaktadır. Bu nedenle hem destek tedavisinin
hem de spesifik tedavinin erken başlatılması önemlidir. Ağır bir toksisitenin
söz konusu olduğu vakada, destek tedavisi oldukça erken ve etkin biçimde
başlatılmasına rağmen antidot spesifik tedavisi geç başlatılabilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Cummings TF. The treatment of cyanide poisoning. Occup Med. 2004;54:82-5.
  • Velez LI, Delaney KA. Cyanide. Tintinalli JE, Kelen GD, Stapczynski JS. Emergency Medicine. 6th edition. New York:Mc Graw Hill 2004;1165-69
  • Beasley DMG, Glass WI. Cyanide poisoning: pathophysiology and treatment recommendations. Occup Med. 1998;48:427-31.
  • Graham DL, Laman D, Theodore J, et al. Acute cyanide poisoning complicated by lactic acidosis and pulmonary edema. Arch Intern Med. 1977;137:1051-5.
  • Hall AH, Rumack BH. Clinical toxicology of cyanide. Ann Emerg Med. 1986;15:1067.
  • Koschel MJ. Management of the cyanide-poisened patient. J Emerg Nurs. 2006;32:19-26.
  • Morocco AP. Cyanides. Crit Care Clin. 2005;21:691-705.
  • Chin RG, Calderon Y. Acute cyanide poisoning: A case report. J Emerg Med. 2000;18:441-45.
  • Geller RJ, Barthold C, Saiers JA, et al. Pediatric Cyanide Poisoning: Causes, Manifestations, Management, and Unmet Needs. Pediatrics. 2006;118:2146-58.
  • Mégarbane B, Delahaye A, Goldgran-Tolédano D, et al. Antidotal treatment of cyanide poisoning. J Chin Med Assoc. 2003;66:193-203.
  • Hall AH, Dart R, Bogdan G. Sodium thiosulfate or hydroxocobalamin for the empiric treatment of cyanide poisoning? Ann Emerg Med. 2007;49:806-13.
  • Borron SW, Baud FJ, Mégarbane B, et al. Hydroxocobalamin for severe acute cyanide poisoning by ingestion or inhalation. Am J Emerg Med. 2007;25:551- 8.
  • Mannaioni G, Vannacci A, Marzocca C, et al. Acute cyanide intoxication treated with a combination of hydroxycobalamin, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002;40:181-3.
  • Sauer SW, Keim ME. Hydroxocobalamin: Improved public health readiness for cyanide disasters. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;37:635–641.
  • Kerns W 2nd, Beuhler M, Tomaszewski C. Hydroxocobalamin versus thiosulfate for cyanide poisoning. Ann Emerg Med. 2008;51:338-9.
  • Shepherd G, Velez LI. Role of hydroxocobalamin in acute cyanide poisoning. Ann Pharmacother. 2008;42:661-9
  • Vick JA, Froehlich H. Treatment of cyanide poisoning. Mil Med. 1991;156:330-9.

Cyanide Intoxication: A Case Report

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 11 - 14, 01.01.2010

Öz

Introduction: Cyanide is a rapid absorbable and powerful poison; even in small doses can cause death in minutes. It is used in many industrial fields; such as mining, chemical industries and agriculture. Recently, its use in gold mining and its enviromental toxicity is on the agenda of our country. Case Report: 60 years old male patient was brought to our clinic after drinking a sip of cyanide in his jewelry shop by 112 emergency team. In physical examination of patient, who was intubated at the scene of accident, general condition was poor, he was unconsciousness, arteriyal blood pressure was 80/50 mmHg and there was no spontaneous respiration. GCS score was 3. Patient’s gastric lavage had started at the scene and contuined in our service, then active charcoal was given. The patient was taken to our intensive care unit and mechanically ventilation started with positive inotropic support. Blood cyanide level was >2.0 mg/L. 5 g hydroxycobalamin brought from Ankara could be given 9 hour after poisoning. The patient died at day 4. Discussion: Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase enzyme and disrupts cellular utilization of oxygen lead to cellular hypoxia. Poisoning by oral consumption is a slow process and patient’s recovery is sometimes possible. Therefore, the initiation of support and specific treatment as quickly as possible is important. In this case, although effective support treatment was started quickly; the specific antidote treatment could not be begun

Kaynakça

  • Cummings TF. The treatment of cyanide poisoning. Occup Med. 2004;54:82-5.
  • Velez LI, Delaney KA. Cyanide. Tintinalli JE, Kelen GD, Stapczynski JS. Emergency Medicine. 6th edition. New York:Mc Graw Hill 2004;1165-69
  • Beasley DMG, Glass WI. Cyanide poisoning: pathophysiology and treatment recommendations. Occup Med. 1998;48:427-31.
  • Graham DL, Laman D, Theodore J, et al. Acute cyanide poisoning complicated by lactic acidosis and pulmonary edema. Arch Intern Med. 1977;137:1051-5.
  • Hall AH, Rumack BH. Clinical toxicology of cyanide. Ann Emerg Med. 1986;15:1067.
  • Koschel MJ. Management of the cyanide-poisened patient. J Emerg Nurs. 2006;32:19-26.
  • Morocco AP. Cyanides. Crit Care Clin. 2005;21:691-705.
  • Chin RG, Calderon Y. Acute cyanide poisoning: A case report. J Emerg Med. 2000;18:441-45.
  • Geller RJ, Barthold C, Saiers JA, et al. Pediatric Cyanide Poisoning: Causes, Manifestations, Management, and Unmet Needs. Pediatrics. 2006;118:2146-58.
  • Mégarbane B, Delahaye A, Goldgran-Tolédano D, et al. Antidotal treatment of cyanide poisoning. J Chin Med Assoc. 2003;66:193-203.
  • Hall AH, Dart R, Bogdan G. Sodium thiosulfate or hydroxocobalamin for the empiric treatment of cyanide poisoning? Ann Emerg Med. 2007;49:806-13.
  • Borron SW, Baud FJ, Mégarbane B, et al. Hydroxocobalamin for severe acute cyanide poisoning by ingestion or inhalation. Am J Emerg Med. 2007;25:551- 8.
  • Mannaioni G, Vannacci A, Marzocca C, et al. Acute cyanide intoxication treated with a combination of hydroxycobalamin, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002;40:181-3.
  • Sauer SW, Keim ME. Hydroxocobalamin: Improved public health readiness for cyanide disasters. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;37:635–641.
  • Kerns W 2nd, Beuhler M, Tomaszewski C. Hydroxocobalamin versus thiosulfate for cyanide poisoning. Ann Emerg Med. 2008;51:338-9.
  • Shepherd G, Velez LI. Role of hydroxocobalamin in acute cyanide poisoning. Ann Pharmacother. 2008;42:661-9
  • Vick JA, Froehlich H. Treatment of cyanide poisoning. Mil Med. 1991;156:330-9.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA88YE59JE
Bölüm Case Report
Yazarlar

Sedat Koçak Bu kişi benim

Zerrin Defne Dündar Bu kişi benim

Şerafettin Demirci Bu kişi benim

Başar Cander Bu kişi benim

Hakan Doğan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2010
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Ocak 2010
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2010 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Koçak, S., Dündar, Z. D., Demirci, Ş., Cander, B., vd. (2010). Cyanide Intoxication: A Case Report. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports, 1(1), 11-14.
AMA Koçak S, Dündar ZD, Demirci Ş, Cander B, Doğan H. Cyanide Intoxication: A Case Report. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports. Ocak 2010;1(1):11-14.
Chicago Koçak, Sedat, Zerrin Defne Dündar, Şerafettin Demirci, Başar Cander, ve Hakan Doğan. “Cyanide Intoxication: A Case Report”. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports 1, sy. 1 (Ocak 2010): 11-14.
EndNote Koçak S, Dündar ZD, Demirci Ş, Cander B, Doğan H (01 Ocak 2010) Cyanide Intoxication: A Case Report. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports 1 1 11–14.
IEEE S. Koçak, Z. D. Dündar, Ş. Demirci, B. Cander, ve H. Doğan, “Cyanide Intoxication: A Case Report”, Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports, c. 1, sy. 1, ss. 11–14, 2010.
ISNAD Koçak, Sedat vd. “Cyanide Intoxication: A Case Report”. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports 1/1 (Ocak 2010), 11-14.
JAMA Koçak S, Dündar ZD, Demirci Ş, Cander B, Doğan H. Cyanide Intoxication: A Case Report. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports. 2010;1:11–14.
MLA Koçak, Sedat vd. “Cyanide Intoxication: A Case Report”. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports, c. 1, sy. 1, 2010, ss. 11-14.
Vancouver Koçak S, Dündar ZD, Demirci Ş, Cander B, Doğan H. Cyanide Intoxication: A Case Report. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports. 2010;1(1):11-4.