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Romatoid Artrit Hastasında Metotreksat Kaynaklı Şiddetli Pansitopeni

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 44 - 47, 28.03.2025

Öz

Romatoid artrit (RA), dünya nüfusunun yaklaşık %1'ini etkileyen ve kadınlarda daha sık görülen sistemik bir otoimmün hastalıktır. Metotreksat (MTX), hastalığı modifiye edici antirheumatik bir ilaç (DMARD) olarak RA tedavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılır. Ancak, yanlış veya denetimsiz kullanımı ciddi hematolojik toksisiteler, özellikle pansitopeni ile sonuçlanabilir. Yetmiş dört yaşında romatoid artritli kadın hasta; ateş, oral ülserler, halsizlik ve yutma güçlüğü şikayetleriyle başvurdu. Fizik muayenesinde ekimotik deri lezyonları ve oral kavitede kandidal plaklar tespit edildi. Laboratuvar testlerinde ağır pansitopeni saptandı (WBC: 1.1 × 10⁹/L, RBC: 2.75 × 10¹²/L, PLT: 9 × 10⁹/L). Metotreksat intoksikasyonu şüphesi üzerine hastaya folat takviyesi, nötropeni için filgrastim, trombosit aferezi ve eritrosit transfüzyonu içeren destekleyici tedavi uygulandı. Scattergram analizi, nötrofil ve eozinofil popülasyonlarında belirgin değişiklikler gösterdi. Tedavi sonrası hematolojik parametreler normale döndü, ancak nötrofil hacim değişiklikleri devam ederek MTX’in kemik iliği üzerindeki uzun süreli etkisini düşündürdü. Bu vaka, DMARD tedavisi alan RA hastalarında rutin tam kan sayımı izleminin, özellikle scattergram analizinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Laboratuvarlar, ilaç kaynaklı pansitopeni şüphesi olan olgularda tam kan sayımı ölçüm protokollerini ayarlayarak hematolojik toksisitenin erken tanı ve tespitini artırmayı göz önünde bulundurmalıdır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Ding Q, Hu W, Wang R, Yang Q, Zhu M, Li M, et al. Signalingpathways in rheumatoidarthritis: implicationsfortargetedtherapy. SignalTransductTargetTher. 2023;8(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01331-9.
  • 2. Up To Date. Methotrexate drug information. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/methotrexate-drug-information?search=metotreksat&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~148&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1#F194514. Accessed [11.11.2024].
  • 3. Emmanuel D, Parija SC, Jain A, Misra DP, Kar R, Negi VS. Persistent eosinophilia in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective observational study. Rheumatol Int. 2019 Feb;39(2):245-253.
  • 4. Savolainen HA, Leirisalo-Repo M. Eosinophilia as a side-effect of methotrexate in patients with chronic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2001;20:432-4.
  • 5. Aristizabal-Alzate A, Nieto-Rios JF, Ocampo-Kohn C, Serna-Higuita LM, Bello-Marquez DC, Zuluaga-Valencia GA. Successful multiple-exchange peritoneal dialysis in a patient with severe hematological toxicity by methotrexate: case report and literature review. J BrasNefrol. 2019;41(3):427-432.
  • 6. Lim AY, Gaffney K, Scott DG. Methotrexate-induced pancytopenia: serious and under-reported? Our experience of 25 cases in 5 years. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005;44:1051-5.
  • 7. Cancelliere N, Barranco P, Vidaurrázaga C, Benito DM, Quirce S. Subacute prurigo and eosinophilia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving infliximab and etanercept. J Investig Allergol ClinImmunol. 2011;21:248-9.
  • 8. Poliak N, Orange JS, Pawel BR, Weiss PF. Eosinophilic fasciitis mimicking angioedema and treatment response to infliximab in a pediatric patient. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011;106:444-5.
  • 9. Morrisroe K, Wong M. Drug-induced hypereosinophilia relatedt o tocilizumab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54:2113-4.
  • 10. Demirel A, Kirnap M. Romatoid artrit tedavisinde geleneksel ve güncel yaklaşımlar (Traditional and up-to-date treatment in rheumatoid arthritis). J Health Sci. 2010;19(1):74-84. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/693023.
  • 11. Fraenkel L, Bathon JM, England BR, StClair EW, Arayssi T, Carandang K, et al. 2021 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021 Jul;73(7):924-939. doi: 10.1002/acr.24596.

Severe Pancytopenia Induced by Methotrexate in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 44 - 47, 28.03.2025

Öz

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting approximately 1% of the global population, with a higher prevalence in women. Methotrexate (MTX), a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), is commonly used in RA treatment. However, improper or unsupervised use can lead to severe hematological toxicities, including pancytopenia. A 74-year-old female patient with RA presented with fever, oral ulcers, weakness, and difficulty swallowing. Physical examination revealed ecchymotic skin lesions and candidal plaques in the oral cavity. Laboratory results indicated severe pancytopenia (WBC: 1.1 × 10⁹/L, RBC: 2.75 x 1012/L, PLT: 9 × 10⁹/L). Methotrexate intoxication was suspected. The patient received supportive treatment, including folate supplementation, Filgrastim for neutropenia, platelet apheresis, and erythrocyte transfusion. Scattergram analysis revealed marked alterations in neutrophil and eosinophil populations. Following treatment, hematological parameters normalized, but neutrophil volume changes persisted, suggesting a prolonged bone marrow effect of MTX. This case highlights the importance of routine complete blood count monitoring, including scattergram analysis, in RA patients receiving DMARD therapy. Laboratories should consider adjusting CBC measurement protocols in cases of suspected drug-induced pancytopenia to enhance diagnostic accuracy and early detection of hematological toxicity.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Ding Q, Hu W, Wang R, Yang Q, Zhu M, Li M, et al. Signalingpathways in rheumatoidarthritis: implicationsfortargetedtherapy. SignalTransductTargetTher. 2023;8(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01331-9.
  • 2. Up To Date. Methotrexate drug information. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/methotrexate-drug-information?search=metotreksat&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~148&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1#F194514. Accessed [11.11.2024].
  • 3. Emmanuel D, Parija SC, Jain A, Misra DP, Kar R, Negi VS. Persistent eosinophilia in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective observational study. Rheumatol Int. 2019 Feb;39(2):245-253.
  • 4. Savolainen HA, Leirisalo-Repo M. Eosinophilia as a side-effect of methotrexate in patients with chronic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2001;20:432-4.
  • 5. Aristizabal-Alzate A, Nieto-Rios JF, Ocampo-Kohn C, Serna-Higuita LM, Bello-Marquez DC, Zuluaga-Valencia GA. Successful multiple-exchange peritoneal dialysis in a patient with severe hematological toxicity by methotrexate: case report and literature review. J BrasNefrol. 2019;41(3):427-432.
  • 6. Lim AY, Gaffney K, Scott DG. Methotrexate-induced pancytopenia: serious and under-reported? Our experience of 25 cases in 5 years. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005;44:1051-5.
  • 7. Cancelliere N, Barranco P, Vidaurrázaga C, Benito DM, Quirce S. Subacute prurigo and eosinophilia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving infliximab and etanercept. J Investig Allergol ClinImmunol. 2011;21:248-9.
  • 8. Poliak N, Orange JS, Pawel BR, Weiss PF. Eosinophilic fasciitis mimicking angioedema and treatment response to infliximab in a pediatric patient. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011;106:444-5.
  • 9. Morrisroe K, Wong M. Drug-induced hypereosinophilia relatedt o tocilizumab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54:2113-4.
  • 10. Demirel A, Kirnap M. Romatoid artrit tedavisinde geleneksel ve güncel yaklaşımlar (Traditional and up-to-date treatment in rheumatoid arthritis). J Health Sci. 2010;19(1):74-84. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/693023.
  • 11. Fraenkel L, Bathon JM, England BR, StClair EW, Arayssi T, Carandang K, et al. 2021 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021 Jul;73(7):924-939. doi: 10.1002/acr.24596.
Toplam 11 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Case Report
Yazarlar

Müge Özgüler 0000-0002-2689-7931

Alper Koç 0000-0003-0844-2658

Hakan Ayyıldız 0000-0002-3133-9862

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 24 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Özgüler, M., Koç, A., & Ayyıldız, H. (2025). Severe Pancytopenia Induced by Methotrexate in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports, 16(1), 44-47. https://doi.org/10.33706/jemcr.1634492
AMA Özgüler M, Koç A, Ayyıldız H. Severe Pancytopenia Induced by Methotrexate in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports. Mart 2025;16(1):44-47. doi:10.33706/jemcr.1634492
Chicago Özgüler, Müge, Alper Koç, ve Hakan Ayyıldız. “Severe Pancytopenia Induced by Methotrexate in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient”. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports 16, sy. 1 (Mart 2025): 44-47. https://doi.org/10.33706/jemcr.1634492.
EndNote Özgüler M, Koç A, Ayyıldız H (01 Mart 2025) Severe Pancytopenia Induced by Methotrexate in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports 16 1 44–47.
IEEE M. Özgüler, A. Koç, ve H. Ayyıldız, “Severe Pancytopenia Induced by Methotrexate in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient”, Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports, c. 16, sy. 1, ss. 44–47, 2025, doi: 10.33706/jemcr.1634492.
ISNAD Özgüler, Müge vd. “Severe Pancytopenia Induced by Methotrexate in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient”. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports 16/1 (Mart 2025), 44-47. https://doi.org/10.33706/jemcr.1634492.
JAMA Özgüler M, Koç A, Ayyıldız H. Severe Pancytopenia Induced by Methotrexate in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports. 2025;16:44–47.
MLA Özgüler, Müge vd. “Severe Pancytopenia Induced by Methotrexate in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient”. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports, c. 16, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 44-47, doi:10.33706/jemcr.1634492.
Vancouver Özgüler M, Koç A, Ayyıldız H. Severe Pancytopenia Induced by Methotrexate in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports. 2025;16(1):44-7.