Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Temperature Effects on Chloroform Vapor Sensing Properties of ZnO Nanocrystals

Yıl 2024, , 134 - 139, 01.07.2024

Doruk Yıldıztekin , Fatih Dumludağ

https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.1314336

Öz

In this study, nanocrystalline ZnO were synthesized onto glass substrates by using sol-gel method. Structural characterizations were performed by XRD, SEM and AFM techniques. Potential application of nanocrystal ZnO as chloroform sensor was investigated. Response of the fabricated thin films of the ZnO nanocrystals towards chloroform vapor was investigated depending on gas concentration (750-15000 ppm) between the temperatures of 22‒150 ºC in nitrogen ambient. Gas flow rates were controlled by using flow controller and flow meters. All the measurement system was computerized.
XRD results revealed that thin film of the ZnO nanocrystals on the glass substrate was in crystal form and can be characterized by 036-1451 JCPDS number. Crystallite sizes of the ZnO nanocrystals were determined both by SEM images and the Scherrer equation. The crystallite sizes were calculated between 27.9 – 50.4 nm using the Scherrer equation. The sensors showed reversible response towards the chloroform vapor in the measured temperature and gas concentration range. Response time and sensitivity values of the sensors towards the chloroform vapor were also calculated. The increase in temperature caused to increase in sensitivity values. The best sensitivity values were obtained at 150 ºC.

Anahtar Kelimeler

XRD, SEM, AFM, Sensor, Chloroform, Nano

Destekleyen Kurum

MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA PROJELERİ BİRİMİ (BAPKO)

Proje Numarası

FYL-2022-10636

Teşekkür

This work was supported by Marmara University Commission of Scientific Research Projects (BAPKO) with the project number: FYL-2022-10636. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Marmara University Commission of Scientific Research Committee for this partial financial support.

ZnO Nano Yapıların Sentezlenmesi, Yapısal Karakterizasyonu ve Sıcaklığın Kloroform Buharı Algılama Özelliklerine Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, nanokristal ZnO, sol-jel yöntemi kullanılarak cam altlıklar üzerinde sentezlenmiş ve XRD, SEM ve AFM analizleri ile yapısal karakterizasyonları yapılmıştır. Sentezlenen nanokristal ZnO'ın kloroform sensörü olarak potansiyel uygulaması araştırıldı. ZnO nano yapıların ince filmlerinin, azot ortamında 22‒150 ºC sıcaklıkları arasında kloroform buharının konsantrasyonuna (750-15000 ppm) bağlı olarak tepkisi incelenmiştir. Gaz akış hızları, akış kontrolörü ve akış ölçerler kullanılarak kontrol edildi. Tüm ölçümler bilgisayar kontrollü olarak yapılmıştır.
XRD sonuçları, cam altlık üzerindeki nano yapıdaki ZnO ince filmin kristal formda olduğunu ve 036-1451 JCPDS numarası ile karakterize edilebileceğini ortaya koydu. ZnO nano yapılarının parçacık boyutu hem SEM görüntülerinden hem de Scherrer denklemi kullanılarak belirlendi. Scherrer denklemiyle parçacık boyutları 27.9 – 50.4 nm arasında hesaplanmıştır. Sensörler, kloroform buharına karşı, ölçüm yapılan sıcaklık aralığı ve gaz konsantrasyonu aralığında, tersinir tepki gösterdi. Sensörlerin kloroform buharına karşı tepki süresi ve duyarlık değerleri de hesaplandı. Sıcaklıktaki artış duyarlık değerlerinde artışa sebep olmuştur. En iyi duyarlık 150 ºC'da elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

XRD, SEM, AFM, Sensör, Kloroform, Nano

Proje Numarası

FYL-2022-10636

Kaynakça

• https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/ tp6-c2.pdf
• Çimen, Y., Ermiş¸ E., Dumludağ, F., Özkaya, A.R., Salih, B. ve Bekaroğlu, Ö. (2014). Synthesis, characterization, electrochemistry and VOC sensing properties of novel ball-type dinuclear metallophthalocyanines. Sensors and Actuators B 202 1137–1147.
• Franco, M.A., Conti, P.P., Andre, R.S. ve Correa, D.S. (2022) A review on chemiresistive ZnO gas sensors. Sensors and Actuators Reports., 4 100100.
• Ren, X., Xu, Z., Liu, D., Li, Y., Zhang, Z. ve Tang, Z. (2022) Conductometric NO2 gas sensors based on MOF-derived porous ZnO nanoparticles. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical., 357 131384.
• Kang, Y., Yu, F., Zhang, L., Wang, W., Chen, L. ve Li, Y. (2021) Review of ZnO-based nanomaterials in gas sensors. Solid State Ionics., 360, 115544.
• Zhang, J., Wang, S., Wang, Y., Xu, M., Xia, H., Zhang, S., Huang, W., Guo, X. ve Wu, S. (2009) ZnO hollow spheres: Preparation, characterization, and gas sensing properties. Sensors and Actuators B., 139 411–417.
• Kim, K.K., Kim, H.S, Hwang, D.K., Lim, J.H. ve Park, S.J. (2003) Realization of p-type ZnO thin films via phosphorus doping and thermal activation of the dopant. Applied Physics Letters., vol. 83 (1) 63–65.
• Srivastava, A.K., Chakraborty, B.R. ve Chandra, S. (2009) Crystallographically oriented nanorods and nanowires of rfmagetron- sputtered zinc oxide. Journal of Nanomaterials., vol. 2009, Article ID 310360.
• Grassi, M., Soares, D.A.W., De Queiroz, A.A.A., Bressiani, A.H.A. ve Bressiani, J.C., (2004) Organometallic chemical vapor deposition of compound semiconductors. Materials Science and Engineering B., vol. 112, no. 2-3, pp. 179–181.
• Al Asmar, R., Ferblantier, G., Mailly, F., Gall-Borrut, P. ve Foucaran, A. (2005) Effect of annealing on the electrical and optical properties of electron beam evaporated ZnO thin films. Thin Solid Films., vol. 473, no. 1, 49–53.
• Kang, D, J., Kim, J.S., Jeong, S.W., Roh, Y., Jeong, S.H. ve Boo, J.H. (2005) Structural and electrical characteristics of R.F. magnetron sputtered ZnO films. Thin Solid Films,. vol. 475, no. 1-2, 160–165.
• Cheng, X.L., Zhao, H., Huo, L.H., Gao, S. ve Zhao, J.G. (2004) ZnO nanoparticulate thin film: preparation, characterization and gas-sensing property. Sensors and Actuators B., vol. 102, no. 2, 248–252.
• Sbrockey, N.M. ve S. Genesan. (2004) ZnO thin films by MOCVD. III-Vs Review., vol. 17, no. 7, 23–25.
• Wang, L., Kang, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, S., Huang, W. ve Wang, S. (2002) ZnO nanorod gas sensor for ethanol detection. Sensors and Actuators B., 162, 237-243.
• Şenoğlu S., Özer M., Dumludağ F., Acar N., Salih B., Bekaroğlu Ö., (2020) Synthesis, characterization, DFT study, conductivity and effects of humidity on CO2 sensing properties of the novel tetrakis-[2-(dibenzylamino)ethoxyl] substituted metallophthalocyanines, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 310, 127860
• Köksoy B., Aygün M., Çapkın A., Dumludağ F., Bulut M., (2018) Electrical and gas sensing properties of novel cobalt(II), copper(II), manganese(III) phthalocyanines carrying ethyl 7-oxy-4,8-dimethylcoumarin-3-propanoate moieties, Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines, vol. 22, 1-16
• Yasemin Ç., Emel E., Dumludağ F., Özkaya A., Salih B., Bekaroğlu Ö., (2014) Synthesis, characterization, electrochemistry and VOC sensing properties of novel ball-type dinuclear metallophthalocyanines, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 202, 1137-1147