İstanbul’daki İnce Partiküllerin Kimyasal Bileşiminin İyon Kromatografisi ile İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, İstanbul’un Beşiktaş ilçesinde yüksek zaman çözünürlüğüne sahip ince partikül madde (PM₂.₅) içerisindeki kimyasal bileşimi niceliksel olarak incelemektedir. İyon kromatografisi kullanılarak sülfat, nitrat, fosfat, amonyum ve nitrit iyonlarına odaklanılmıştır. PM₂.₅ örnekleri, 2017 yılı boyunca kış, ilkbahar, yaz ve sonbahar mevsimlerinde, gündüz ve gece saatlerinde toplanarak günlük ve mevsimsel değişimlerin analizi yapılmıştır. PM₂.₅ içindeki suda çözünebilen iyon (WSI) konsantrasyonları, Beijing ve Delhi gibi yüksek kirliliğe sahip şehirlerde kaydedilen seviyelerden önemli ölçüde daha düşük olup, Seoul ile benzerlik göstermektedir. Amonyum, gece saatlerinde belirgin yüksek seviyeler göstererek 367,8 ng/m³’e kadar ulaşmıştır ve bu durum durağan atmosfer koşullarında gaz-partikül dönüşümünün artmasıyla açıklanmaktadır. Fosfat, orta derecede günlük değişkenlik göstermiş olup, sabah erken saatlerde (07:00-09:00) ve öğleden sonra (15:00-19:00) 196,2-197,2 ng/m³ değerleriyle konsantrasyonları zirve yapmıştır ve bu durumun yanma kaynakları, toz yeniden süspansiyonu ve yarı uçucu organofosfat esterleri (OPE’ler) gibi sürekli kaynaklardan gelen katkılardan kaynaklandığı göstermektedir. İstanbul’daki ikincil inorganik aerosol seviyelerini düşürmek amacıyla WSI öncüllerini azaltmaya yönelik öneriler de sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• iyon kromatografisi
• PM₂.₅
• suya çözünebilen iyonlar
• nitrat
• sülfat

Investigation of Chemical Composition of Fine Particles in Istanbul With Ion Chromatography

Öz

This study quantitatively investigates the chemical composition of highly-time resolved fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, focusing on sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, ammonium, and nitrite using ion chromatography. PM2.5 samples were collected during the daytime and nighttime in winter, spring, summer, and fall of 2017, allowing analysis of diurnal and seasonal variations. Water soluble ion (WSI) concentrations in PM2.5 were notably lower than those recorded in heavily polluted cities such as Beijing and Delhi and were comparable to Seoul. Ammonium exhibited pronounced peaks, reaching as high as 367.8 ng/m3 during nighttime (19:00-07:00), attributed to enhanced gas-to-particle partitioning under stable atmospheric conditions. Phosphate exhibited moderate diurnal variability, typically peaking in early morning (07:00-09:00) and late afternoon (15:00-19:00), with maximum concentrations recorded at 196.2-197.2 ng/m3, suggesting continuous contributions from combustion sources, dust resuspension, and semi-volatile organophosphate esters (OPEs). Suggestions to decrease the WSI precursors are also provided in order to decrease secondary inorganic aerosol levels in Istanbul.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ion chromatography
• PM2.5
• water soluble ions
• nitrate
• sulfate

Kaynakça

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