Araştırma Makalesi

Association between Multiple Sclerosis and Interleukin-18 Gene Polymorphisms (-137 G/C, -607 C/A and -656 G/T) in Turkish Population

Cilt: 38 Sayı: 2 30 Haziran 2026
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Association between Multiple Sclerosis and Interleukin-18 Gene Polymorphisms (-137 G/C, -607 C/A and -656 G/T) in Turkish Population

Öz

Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease of the central nervous system caused by both genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to determine whether the interleukin-18 (IL-18) gene promoter polymorphisms -137 G/C, -607 C/A, and -656 G/T are associated with MS in the Turkish population. Methods A total of 310 patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis based on clinical criteria and 220 healthy controls were included in this study. Genotyping of IL-18 -137 G/C was performed by allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR), and -607 C/A and -656 G/T were genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using Tru1I and MwoI enzymes respectively. Data were analyzed by the chi-square test to compare genotype and allele frequencies between groups, and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results A significant association was found between IL-18 -137 G/C polymorphism and MS (p<0.001). The GC genotype distribution was higher in MS patients (51.3 %) than in controls (35.5%) (p<0.001). Similarly, the IL-18 -607 C/A polymorphism showed a significant difference (p<0.001), with the AA genotype being more frequent in MS patients (19.7%) compared to controls (9.1%). Carrying the GC genotype at -137 was associated with approximately 2-fold increased MS risk (OR≈1.99), and the AA genotype at -607 conferred about a 3.25-fold increased risk. The minor allele frequencies (C for -137 and A for -607) were significantly higher in patients than controls (p < 0.001 for both). In contrast, the IL-18 -656 G/T polymorphism did not differ significantly between patients and controls in genotype or allele distribution (p=0.325); the frequency of the T allele was ~37% in MS vs ~36% in controls (p>0.05). Conclusion Our findings indicate that IL-18 gene -137 G/C and -607 C/A polymorphisms are significantly associated with MS in the Turkish population, whereas -656 G/T is not. The variant alleles at -137 and -607 positions appear to confer increased susceptibility to MS. These results suggest that IL-18 gene polymorphisms may contribute to the genetic background of MS and could potentially serve as biomarkers for disease risk, thereby aiding in better understanding of MS pathogenesis and in developing future diagnostic or therapeutic strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was supported by the Marmara University Scientific Research Projects Commission (Project No: TYL-2022-10439).

Proje Numarası

TYL-2022-10439

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Marmara University Faculty of Medicine (Decision No and Date: 09.2022.137, September 2022).

Teşekkür

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. Ahmet Arman for his continuous support, guidance, and valuable contributions throughout this study. I am also thankful to Prof. Dr. Pınar Ata, Lect. Dr. Mehmet Ali Söylemez, and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bilgen Bilge Geçkinli for their constructive insights and academic contributions. I extend my thanks to my laboratory colleagues, particularly Öznur Kapar and İpek Uzun, for their assistance, collaboration, and support during the experimental processes. I also thank the research fellows, graduate students, and staff of Marmara University, Department of Medical Genetics, for providing laboratory facilities and sharing their expertise. Finally, I am deeply grateful to my family for their unwavering support and encouragement. This study was supported by the Marmara University Scientific Research Projects Commission (Project No: TYL-2022-10439).

Kaynakça

  1. Polman CH. Epidemiology and geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish). 2000;17(3):1-7. (in Turkish)
  2. Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(2):162-173.
  3. Kim J, Park KJ, Kim WU, et al. Interleukin-18 as an important mediator in rheumatoid arthritis: is it a target for treatment? Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13(7):688-696.
  4. Aleya GI, Ahmed SI, Ibrahim MK. Elevated interleukin-18 and decreased interleukin-18 binding protein in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Arab J Gastroenterol. 2011;12(1):30-35.
  5. Sadeghi-Bojd S, Hashemi M, Naderi M, Bahari G, Taheri M. Association of interleukin-18 promoter polymorphisms with development and progression of breast cancer. Biomed Rep. 2014;2(4):591-594.
  6. Giedraitis V, He B, Huang WX, Hillert J. Cloning and mutation analysis of the human IL-18 promoter: a possible role of polymorphisms in expression regulation. J Neuroimmunol. 2001;112(1-2):146-152.
  7. Harishankar M, Selvaraj P, Bethunaickan R. Influence of genetic polymorphism towards pulmonary diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2013; 2013:1-10. (Overview of IL-18 and other cytokine polymorphisms)
  8. Xu Q, Yin G, Sun L, et al. Interleukin-18 promoter gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: association with CC genotype at position –607. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2007;36(2):91-95.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Moleküler Genetik

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Haziran 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

21 Kasım 2025

Kabul Tarihi

2 Nisan 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 38 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Çakmak, E., Arman, A., Kapar, Ö., Alan, İ., & Ağan, K. (2026). Association between Multiple Sclerosis and Interleukin-18 Gene Polymorphisms (-137 G/C, -607 C/A and -656 G/T) in Turkish Population. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, 38(2), 281-288. https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.1824031
AMA
1.Çakmak E, Arman A, Kapar Ö, Alan İ, Ağan K. Association between Multiple Sclerosis and Interleukin-18 Gene Polymorphisms (-137 G/C, -607 C/A and -656 G/T) in Turkish Population. JEPS. 2026;38(2):281-288. doi:10.7240/jeps.1824031
Chicago
Çakmak, Edanur, Ahmet Arman, Öznur Kapar, İpek Alan, ve Kadriye Ağan. 2026. “Association between Multiple Sclerosis and Interleukin-18 Gene Polymorphisms (-137 G/C, -607 C/A and -656 G/T) in Turkish Population”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 38 (2): 281-88. https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.1824031.
EndNote
Çakmak E, Arman A, Kapar Ö, Alan İ, Ağan K (01 Haziran 2026) Association between Multiple Sclerosis and Interleukin-18 Gene Polymorphisms (-137 G/C, -607 C/A and -656 G/T) in Turkish Population. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 38 2 281–288.
IEEE
[1]E. Çakmak, A. Arman, Ö. Kapar, İ. Alan, ve K. Ağan, “Association between Multiple Sclerosis and Interleukin-18 Gene Polymorphisms (-137 G/C, -607 C/A and -656 G/T) in Turkish Population”, JEPS, c. 38, sy 2, ss. 281–288, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.7240/jeps.1824031.
ISNAD
Çakmak, Edanur - Arman, Ahmet - Kapar, Öznur - Alan, İpek - Ağan, Kadriye. “Association between Multiple Sclerosis and Interleukin-18 Gene Polymorphisms (-137 G/C, -607 C/A and -656 G/T) in Turkish Population”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 38/2 (01 Haziran 2026): 281-288. https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.1824031.
JAMA
1.Çakmak E, Arman A, Kapar Ö, Alan İ, Ağan K. Association between Multiple Sclerosis and Interleukin-18 Gene Polymorphisms (-137 G/C, -607 C/A and -656 G/T) in Turkish Population. JEPS. 2026;38:281–288.
MLA
Çakmak, Edanur, vd. “Association between Multiple Sclerosis and Interleukin-18 Gene Polymorphisms (-137 G/C, -607 C/A and -656 G/T) in Turkish Population”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, c. 38, sy 2, Haziran 2026, ss. 281-8, doi:10.7240/jeps.1824031.
Vancouver
1.Edanur Çakmak, Ahmet Arman, Öznur Kapar, İpek Alan, Kadriye Ağan. Association between Multiple Sclerosis and Interleukin-18 Gene Polymorphisms (-137 G/C, -607 C/A and -656 G/T) in Turkish Population. JEPS. 01 Haziran 2026;38(2):281-8. doi:10.7240/jeps.1824031