Kamu Web Sitelerinin Rehber Tabanlı Kullanılabilirlik Değerlendirmelerinin Yapay Zekâ Destekli Otomasyonu

Öz

Bu çalışmada, kamu kurumlarının internet sitelerinin kullanılabilirlik değerlendirmelerinde kullanılan Kamu Kurumları İnternet Siteleri Rehberi (KAMİS)’nin uzman değerlendirmesinin zaman alıcı olması ve öznel yargıya açık olması nedeniyle, Büyük Dil Modelleri (LLM) aracılığıyla otomatik olarak yapılabilmesi araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, rehber tabanlı değerlendirmelerin insan uzmanlardan bağımsız, hızlı ve nesnel bir biçimde gerçekleştirilebilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmada altı güncel LLM, KAMİS Rehberi’nin iki başlıkta yer alan 17 maddesi üzerinde test edilmiştir. Her madde için özel komutlar hazırlanmış; modellerden “Evet/Hayır/Kısmen” yanıtları ve gerekçeleri istenmiştir. Üretilen gerekçeler BLEU, METEOR ve BERTScore ölçütleri ile benzerlik açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Modeller 17 maddenin 9’unda ortak sonuca ulaşmış; özellikle ChatGPT 5, Gemini Flash 2.5 ve Deepseek-V3’ün yüksek tutarlılık sergilediği görülmüştür. Benzerlik analizlerinde en güvenilir yöntemin BERTScore olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, kullanılabilirlik rehberlerinin LLM’lerle otomatik değerlendirilmesine yönelik ilk kapsamlı uygulamalardan biri olup, kullanılabilirlik testlerinin dakikalar içinde, insan etkisinden bağımsız ve tekrarlanabilir biçimde yapılabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kullanılabilirlik
• Büyük Dil Modelleri
• Kullanılabilirlik Rehberleri
• LLM Değerlendirme Ölçütleri

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK BİLGEM Yazılım Test ve Kalite Değerlendirme Laboratuvarı'nın öz kaynakları ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Etik Beyan

Yazar(lar) tarafından bu çalışmada bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan edilmiştir.

Teşekkür

Yazarlar, TÜBİTAK BİLGEM’de yürütülen nitelikli projelerin yapay zekâdaki güncel gelişmelere uyumu için desteklerini esirgemeyen Merkez Başkanı V. Doç. Dr. Ali GÖRÇİN’e, bu çalışmada kullanılan 4 büyük dil modeline ilave olarak TÜBİTAK BİLGEM Yazılım Teknolojileri Enstitüsü’nde geliştirilmekte olan AskAI’a dahil 2 modelin de teste dahil olmasına verdikleri katkıdan dolayı AskAI ekibine ve Proje Yürütücüsü Mehmet Emin KÜÇÜKER’e teşekkür eder.

Artificial Intelligence Supported Automation of Guideline-Based Usability Evaluations of The State-Run Websites

Öz

In this study, the Public Institutions Internet Sites Guide (KAMIS) used in usability evaluations of public institution websites was investigated for its potential to be automatically handled using Large Language Models (LLMs) due to the time-consuming nature and subjectivity of experts. Within this scope, the goal was to enable guide-based evaluations to be performed independently of human experts in a fast and objective manner. In the study, six state-of-the-art LLMs were tested on 17 items under two headings in the KAMIS Guide. Specific commands were prepared for each item; the models were asked to provide “Yes/No/Partially” answers and justifications. The generated justifications were compared in terms of similarity using the BLEU, METEOR, and BERTScore metrics. The models reached a common result in 9 out of 17 items; especially ChatGPT 5, Gemini Flash 2.5 and Deepseek-V3 showed high consistency. BERTScore was found to be the most reliable method in similarity analyses. This study is one of the first comprehensive applications of automated evaluation of usability guidelines with LLMs, demonstrating that usability testing can be done in minutes, independent of human influence, and repeatable.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kullanılabilirlik
• Büyük Dil Modelleri
• Kullanılabilirlik Rehberleri
• LLM Değerlendirme Ölçütleri

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was conducted using the internal resources of the TÜBİTAK BİLGEM Software Testing and Quality Assessment Laboratory.

Etik Beyan

It was declared by the author(s) that scientific and ethical principles have been followed in this study and all the sources used have been properly cited.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank TÜBİTAK BİLGEM Director Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ali Görçin , as well as the AskAI team and Project Manager Mehmet Emin KÜÇÜKER for their contribution to including two models under development at TÜBİTAK BİLGEM Software Technologies Institute, in addition to the four large language models used in this study.

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