Properties of Chitosan, Application Areas, Effects on Plant Systems

Öz

Chemical methods that have been used for many years to reduce the economic losses during agricultural production have an adverse effect on human health and ecological balance. Therefore, in recent years, researches about harmless environmental improvement methods have increased. One of the preferred natural conditioners as an alternative to chemical products is chitosan. Chitosan is obtained from the chitin deacetylation method, which is commonly found in the skeleton of shellfish such as crab, lobster, shrimp. Besides having antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties, chitosan is an effective agent in controlling and reducing the spread of diseases by promoting the defense system of plants. In addition to this, it has been started to be used in the agricultural field as it chelates metal ions in its environment (water, soil, etc.) and prevents the ingestion of toxic effective metals by the plants. Despite many studies, the mechanism of action of chitosan in plants has not been fully elucidated. The increase in detailed studies on chitosan will help to obtain high yields of products with the use of chitosan in agricultural fields.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Chitin
• Chitosan
• Biopolymer
• Agriculture
• Plant

Kitosanın Özellikleri, Uygulama Alanları, Bitki Sistemlerine Etkileri

Öz

Tarımda ürün eldesi sırasında meydana gelen ekonomik kayıpları azaltmak için uzun yıllardır kullanılan kimyasal yöntemler, insan sağlığı ve ekolojik dengeyi olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle son yıllarda çevreye zararsız iyileştirme yöntemleri ile ilgili araştırmalar artmıştır. Kimyasal ürünlere alternatif olarak tercih edilen doğal iyileştiricilerden birisi de kitosandır. Kitosan, çoğunlukla yengeç, ıstakoz, karides gibi kabuklu su canlılarının iskeletinde yaygın olarak bulunan kitinden deasetilasyon yöntemiyle elde edilmektedir. Kitosan antiviral, antibakteriyel ve antifungal özelliğe sahip olmasının yanında, bitkilerin savunma sistemini de teşvik ederek hastalıkların kontrolü ve yayılmalarının azaltılmasında da etkili bir ajandır. Bunun yanında bulunduğu ortamda (su, toprak vb.) metal iyonlarını şelatlaması ve bitkilerin toksik etkili metallerin alınımını engellemesi nedeniyle tarım alanında iyileştirmede de kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Yapılan çok sayıdaki çalışmaya rağmen kitosanın bitkilerdeki etki mekanizması tam olarak aydınlatılamamıştır. Kitosanla ilgili detaylı çalışmaların artması, tarımsal alanlarda kitosan kullanımı ile ürünlerden yüksek verim alınabilmesi için yardımcı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kitin
• Kitosan
• Biyopolimer
• Tarım
• Bitki

Kaynakça

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