İNŞAAT SEKTÖRÜNDEKİ ERGONOMİK RİSKLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ VE BİR UYGULAMA

Öz

Çalışan kişiye uyacak şekilde iş, ekipman ve işyeri tasarlama bilimi "ergonomi" olarak adlandırılır. Ergonomi, endüstriyel şirketler tarafından işçilerin görevlerini ve çalışma alanlarını tasarlamak için yaygın olarak kullanılır. Ergonominin amacı, insan-makine etkileşimini geliştirerek sistemlerin performansını artırmaktır. Bu bağlamda kullanıcı arayüzü tasarlanarak, bunun yanısıra ilgili sistemler geliştirilerek görev ve kullanıcı ile daha uyumlu hale getirilebilir. Ergonomi; antropometri, biyomekanik, genel mühendislik, fizyoloji, psikoloji ve fizik gibi çeşitli disiplinleri içerir. Burada değinilmesi gereken önemli konulardan biri; başta boyun, sırt, bilek, kol, omuz ve bacaklar olmak üzere bazı vücut bölgelerinin riske maruz kalma düzeyini belirleyen risk değerlendirmesidir. Olumsuz etkilerini önlemek için risk düzeyini belirlemek önemlidir. Bu amaçla, risk seviyelerini belirlemek için Hızlı Tüm Vücut Değerlendirmesi (REBA), Hızlı Üst Ekstremite Değerlendirmesi (RULA) ve Hızlı Maruziyet Değerlendirme (HMD) gibi çeşitli yöntemler kullanılır. Ancak risk seviyesi sektörlere göre değişmektedir. İnşaat sektörü en riskli sektörlerden biridir ve önemine göre bu çalışmada ele alınmıştır. İnşaat endüstrisindeki bazı yaygın süreçler seçilmiştir ve üç ergonomi risk değerlendirme yöntemi; bir Türk inşaat firmasındaki riskleri ortaya çıkarmak için REBA, RULA ve HMD uygulanmıştır. İlgili sonuçlar karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuş ve yorumlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ergonomi
• Risk değerlendirme
• İnşaat sektörü
• REBA
• RULA
• HMD

EVALUATION OF ERGONOMIC RISKS IN THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR AND AN APPLICATION

Öz

The science of designing work, equipment and workplace to suit the worker is called "ergonomics" which is widely used by industrial companies to design workers' tasks and work areas. The purpose of ergonomics is to improve the performance of systems by developing human-machine interaction. In this context, the relevant systems can be developed by designing the user interface in order to make it more compatible with the task and the user. Ergonomics includes various disciplines, including anthropometry, biomechanics, general engineering, physiology, psychology and physics. One of the important topics is the risk assessment that determines risk exposure level of some body parts including mainly neck, back, wrist, arm, shoulder and legs. It is essential to determine the risk level to prevent the adverse effects of them. For this aim, various methods, including Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Quick Exposure Check (QEC) are used to determine the risk levels. However, the risk level changes with respect to the sectors. The construction sector is one of the riskiest ones and is considered in this study depending on its importance. Some standard processes in construction industry are selected, and three ergonomics risk assessment methods; REBA, RULA and QEC are applied to reveal the risks in a Turkish construction company. The related results are provided in a comparative basis and commented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ergonomics
• Risk assessment
• Construction sector
• REBA
• RULA
• QEC

Kaynakça

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