Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Ses Efektlerine Özel Yüksek Seviye Hızlandırıcılarla Düşük Gecikmeli SoC Tasarımı

Yıl 2021, , 78 - 87, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.897556

Öz

Yüksek kaliteli ses işleme, ses üzerinde uygulanan efektin sebep olduğu işleme gecikmesini düşürmek için donanım hızlandırması gerektirir. Ses girişinden gelişmiş ses oluşurken hesaplanan gecikme, önemli bir gecikme bileşenidir ve özellikle sanatçıların canlı performansında veya yüksek kaliteli ses üretiminde performansı etkiler. Sanatçılar, müziklerine bir ses efekti eklemek ister ve bu efektler gerçek zamanlı sistemlerde kullanıldığında gecikme ana problem haline gelir. CPU tabanlı sistemler esneklik sunar, ama işleme esnasında oluşan büyük miktardaki gecikme sanatçıları olumsuz olarak etkiler. Bu çalışmada, esnekliğin yazılımla ve hızlandırmanın donanım özelleştirmesi ile elde edildiği, ses efektleri için yazılım/donanım ortak tasarım yöntemi ile bir sistem üzerinde çip (SoC) çözümü sunuyoruz. MATLAB üzerinden ardışık düzen uygulayarak gecikmeyi azaltıyor ve frekansı artırıyoruz. Sistem, çift çekirdekli ARM Cortex A9 işlemcisi ve ZC7020 Zynq çipi barındıran programlanabilir SoC platformu ZedBoard’da çalıştırılmış ve test edilmiştir. ARM işlemcisi, FPGA üzerinde çalıştırılan ses efekti donanım hızlandırıcısının yönetilmesine ve kullanıcı ile haberleşilmesine olanak sağlar. Ses efekti MATLAB & Simulink tarafından sağlanan blok modeller ile tasarlanmıştır. HDL Coder, bu blokları RTL seviyesinde donanım tasarımlarına dönüştürür. MATLAB & Simulink tarafından sağlanan bu tasarım yöntemi, yüksek hızlı donanım yazmaçlarının sağladığı hızdan yararlanmak için FPGA’ya RTL seviyesinde gömülebilen yüksek seviyeli blok tasarımı yapılmasına ve yazılım esnekliğinden yararlanmak için AXI ara bağlantısı ile arayüz oluşturulmasına olanak verir. Bu çalışma gecikmenin önemli bir ölçüde düşürüldüğünü gösterir.

Kaynakça

  • Y. E. ESEN and İ. SAN, “LowLAG: Low-latency hardware accelerator of a sound effect with system-on-chip design,” in ASYU 2020, Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications Conference, İstanbul, 2020.
  • Nicolas Juillerat, Stefan Muller Arisona, Simon Schubiger-Banz, “REAL-TIME, LOW LATENCY AUDIO PROCESSING IN JAVA,” in Proceeding of the International Computer Music Conference, 2007.
  • U. Meyer-Baese, Digital Signal Processing with Field Programmable Gate Arrays, 2nd ed., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007.
  • Yamaha, “Audio quailty on networked systems,” Yamaha, [Online]. Available: https://uk.yamaha.com/en/products/contents/proaudio/docs/audio_quality/05_audio_quality.html. [Accessed 25 06 2020].
  • Markus Pfaff, David Malzner, Johannes Seifert, Johannes Traxler, Horst Weber, Gerhard Wiendl, “IMPLEMENTING DIGITAL AUDIO EFFECTS USING A HARDWARE/SOFTWARE,” in 10th Int. Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFx-07), Bordeaux, France, 2007.
  • Kyungjin Byun, Young-Su Kwon, Seongmo Park, and Nak-Woong Eum, “Digital Audio Effect System-on-a-Chip Based on Embedded DSP Core,” in ETRI Journal, 2009.
  • Crockett, Louise H.; Elliot, Ross A.; Enderwitz, Martin A.; Stewart, Robert W.;, The Zynq Book: Embedded Processing with the ARM Cortex-A9 on the Xilinx Zynq-7000 All Programmable SoC, First ed., Strathclyde Academic Media, 2014.
  • I. The MathWorks, “HDL Coder™ Getting Started Guide,” March 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.mathworks.com/help/pdf_doc/hdlcoder/hdlcoder_gs.pdf. [Accessed 25 06 2020].
  • I. The MathWorks, “Limit input signal to the upper and lower saturation values,” [Online]. Available: https://www.mathworks.com/help/releases/R2018b/simulink/slref/saturation.html. [Accessed 25 06 2020].
  • I. The MathWorks, “Fixed-Point Conversion,” in HDL Coder™ User's Guide, The MathWorks, Inc., 2020, pp. 117-162. The MathWorks, Inc, “Signal Processing Toolbox™ User's Guide,” 03 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.mathworks.com/help/pdf_doc/signal/signal.pdf. [Accessed 12 03 2021].
  • I. The MathWorks, “Multiply input by constant,” [Online]. Available: https://www.mathworks.com/help/releases/R2018b/simulink/slref/gain.html. [Accessed 25 06 2020].
  • Louise H. Crockett, Ross A. Elliot, Martin A. Enderwitz, David Northcote, “Zynq Book Tutorials,” Aug 2015. [Online]. Available: http://www.zynqbook.com/download-tuts.html. [Accessed 25 06 2020].

Low-Latency SoC Design with High-Level Accelerators Specific to Sound Effects

Yıl 2021, , 78 - 87, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.897556

Öz

High-quality sound processing requires hardware acceleration in order to reduce the processing latency of the applied effect over the sound. Computational latency of creating enhanced sound from the audio input is an important delay component and affects the performance especially in artists’ live performance or high-quality sound generation. Artists want to apply a sound effect on their music and latency is the main problem when these systems running in real-time. CPU-based systems present flexibility, but introduce a high amount of latency while processing, which in fact affects the artist negatively. In this study, to get the flexibility through software and the acceleration via hardware specialization, we present a system-on-chip (SoC) solution with HW/SW co-design methodology for sound-effects. We reduce the latency and increase the frequency by applying pipelining through MATLAB. The system is implemented and tested on programmable SoC platform, ZedBoard, which contains ZC7020 Zynq chip with a dual-core ARM-Cortex-A9 processor. The ARM processor enables the management of sound-effect hardware accelerator running on FPGA and communication with user. Sound effect is designed with block models provided by MATLAB & Simulink. HDL Coder converts these blocks into RTL-level hardware designs. The followed design methodology provided by MATLAB & Simulink enables high-level block design that can be embedded into FPGA at RTL-level to benefit from the speed provided by high-speed hardware registers and to have an AXI interconnect interfacing with software in order to utilize the software flexibility. The study shows that latency is reduced significantly.

Kaynakça

  • Y. E. ESEN and İ. SAN, “LowLAG: Low-latency hardware accelerator of a sound effect with system-on-chip design,” in ASYU 2020, Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications Conference, İstanbul, 2020.
  • Nicolas Juillerat, Stefan Muller Arisona, Simon Schubiger-Banz, “REAL-TIME, LOW LATENCY AUDIO PROCESSING IN JAVA,” in Proceeding of the International Computer Music Conference, 2007.
  • U. Meyer-Baese, Digital Signal Processing with Field Programmable Gate Arrays, 2nd ed., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007.
  • Yamaha, “Audio quailty on networked systems,” Yamaha, [Online]. Available: https://uk.yamaha.com/en/products/contents/proaudio/docs/audio_quality/05_audio_quality.html. [Accessed 25 06 2020].
  • Markus Pfaff, David Malzner, Johannes Seifert, Johannes Traxler, Horst Weber, Gerhard Wiendl, “IMPLEMENTING DIGITAL AUDIO EFFECTS USING A HARDWARE/SOFTWARE,” in 10th Int. Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFx-07), Bordeaux, France, 2007.
  • Kyungjin Byun, Young-Su Kwon, Seongmo Park, and Nak-Woong Eum, “Digital Audio Effect System-on-a-Chip Based on Embedded DSP Core,” in ETRI Journal, 2009.
  • Crockett, Louise H.; Elliot, Ross A.; Enderwitz, Martin A.; Stewart, Robert W.;, The Zynq Book: Embedded Processing with the ARM Cortex-A9 on the Xilinx Zynq-7000 All Programmable SoC, First ed., Strathclyde Academic Media, 2014.
  • I. The MathWorks, “HDL Coder™ Getting Started Guide,” March 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.mathworks.com/help/pdf_doc/hdlcoder/hdlcoder_gs.pdf. [Accessed 25 06 2020].
  • I. The MathWorks, “Limit input signal to the upper and lower saturation values,” [Online]. Available: https://www.mathworks.com/help/releases/R2018b/simulink/slref/saturation.html. [Accessed 25 06 2020].
  • I. The MathWorks, “Fixed-Point Conversion,” in HDL Coder™ User's Guide, The MathWorks, Inc., 2020, pp. 117-162. The MathWorks, Inc, “Signal Processing Toolbox™ User's Guide,” 03 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.mathworks.com/help/pdf_doc/signal/signal.pdf. [Accessed 12 03 2021].
  • I. The MathWorks, “Multiply input by constant,” [Online]. Available: https://www.mathworks.com/help/releases/R2018b/simulink/slref/gain.html. [Accessed 25 06 2020].
  • Louise H. Crockett, Ross A. Elliot, Martin A. Enderwitz, David Northcote, “Zynq Book Tutorials,” Aug 2015. [Online]. Available: http://www.zynqbook.com/download-tuts.html. [Accessed 25 06 2020].
Toplam 12 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Yunus Emre Esen 0000-0001-8319-5605

İsmail San 0000-0003-3005-1813

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Esen, Y. E., & San, İ. (2021). Low-Latency SoC Design with High-Level Accelerators Specific to Sound Effects. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, 33, 78-87. https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.897556
AMA Esen YE, San İ. Low-Latency SoC Design with High-Level Accelerators Specific to Sound Effects. JEPS. Aralık 2021;33:78-87. doi:10.7240/jeps.897556
Chicago Esen, Yunus Emre, ve İsmail San. “Low-Latency SoC Design With High-Level Accelerators Specific to Sound Effects”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 33, Aralık (Aralık 2021): 78-87. https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.897556.
EndNote Esen YE, San İ (01 Aralık 2021) Low-Latency SoC Design with High-Level Accelerators Specific to Sound Effects. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 33 78–87.
IEEE Y. E. Esen ve İ. San, “Low-Latency SoC Design with High-Level Accelerators Specific to Sound Effects”, JEPS, c. 33, ss. 78–87, 2021, doi: 10.7240/jeps.897556.
ISNAD Esen, Yunus Emre - San, İsmail. “Low-Latency SoC Design With High-Level Accelerators Specific to Sound Effects”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 33 (Aralık 2021), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.897556.
JAMA Esen YE, San İ. Low-Latency SoC Design with High-Level Accelerators Specific to Sound Effects. JEPS. 2021;33:78–87.
MLA Esen, Yunus Emre ve İsmail San. “Low-Latency SoC Design With High-Level Accelerators Specific to Sound Effects”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, c. 33, 2021, ss. 78-87, doi:10.7240/jeps.897556.
Vancouver Esen YE, San İ. Low-Latency SoC Design with High-Level Accelerators Specific to Sound Effects. JEPS. 2021;33:78-87.