Analysis and Evaluation of The Electromagnetic Field Pollution in Marmara University Başıbüyük Campus Using Gas Discharge Visualization Tehnique According to Different Weather Conditions
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 32 Sayı: 4, 405 - 412, 01.11.2020
İbrahim Öztürk
,
Veysel Gökhan Böcekçi
,
Aynur Akar
Öz
The continuous development of technology and, accordingly, people's
interest in technological devices is increasing. Electric powered devices
generate electricity and magnetic fields. The intensity of electric and
magnetic fields is restricted by international organizations and limit values
by Turkey's Information Technologies and Communication Authority (BTK). The
values of the electromagnetic field generated by the base stations are
monitored by the BTK. The limit values determined by the BTK are more stringent
than those set by international organizations. The intensity of the
electromagnetic field varies according to the distance and power to the system.
In this study, electromagnetic field pollution in Marmara University Başıbüyük
Campus was analyzed periodically and according to different weather conditions.
Measurements were performed at 19 different points and the results were mapped.
SRM 3006 model selective radiation meter was used in the measurement.
Measurement results were compared with international limit values and
evaluated. The limit value determined by international organizations for the
environment is 61 V/m and the limit value determined by BTK is 42 V/m. 12-day
average electric field is 1.53 V/m for periodical measurements. The average
electric field in sunny weather is 1.9 V/m, 1.28V/m in rainy weather and
1.39V/m in cloudy weather. Gas Discharge Visualization technique was used to
observe the possible changes in the energy and stress situation of the
different electromagnetic field points within the campus. Energy and stress
measurement with this technique was performed with Bio-well device. According
to the measurement results, no change in stress and energy status was observed
Destekleyen Kurum
Marmara University Scientific Research Unit
Proje Numarası
FEN-C-YLP-141118-0601
Teşekkür
This research was supported by Marmara University Scientific Research Unit with the number of FEN-C-YLP-141118-0601.
Kaynakça
- [1] Pollack, G. L., Stump, D. R. (2004) Electromagnetism, 2. Edition, Editors; Zengin, M., Turkoz, S., Aydin, Z., Ankara, Turkey, s. 1-50.
- [2] Özdinç, Polat, L. N. (2011) Modelling of SAR distribution and temperature increase in muscle tissue of electromagnetic field exposure. MSC thesis, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, 3-20.
- [3] Magnetic Field Of Current, http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/magcur.html#c1, (May 2019).
- [4] Keysan A. (2015) Electromagnetic field map of Balıkesir city center and Balıkesir university cagıs campus. MSC thesis, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey, i-30.
- [5] Cleveland, R. F., Ulcek, Jr. J. L. (1999) Questions and Answers about Biological Effects and Potential Hazards of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering & Technology, Oet Bulletin 56, Fourth Edition, Washington, USA.
- [6] Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer, https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/electromagnetic-fields-fact-sheet, (May 2019).
- [7] Martinez-Samano J, Flores-Poblano A, Verdugo-Diaz L, Juarez-Oropeza MA, Torres-Duran PV. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure and restraint stress induce changes on the brain lipid profile of Wistar rats. BMC Neuroscience. 2018;31.
- [8] A review of the effects of electromagnetic fields on the environment, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317175275_A_REVIEW_OF_THE_EFFECTS_OF_ELECTROMAGNETIC_FIELDS_ON_THE_ENVIRONMENT, (June 2019)
- [9] Markov MS. Electromagnetic fields and life. J Electr Electron Syst. 2014;119(3).
- [10] Kıvrak EG, Yurt KK, Kaplan AA, Alkan I, Altun G. Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on the antioxidant defense system. J of Microscopy and Ultrastructure. 2017;5:167-176.
- [11] Valberg PA. Electric and magnetic fields: What do we know about the health?. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2018;86:448-454.
- [12] Keysan A. Electromagnetic field map of Balıkesir city center and Balıkesir University Çağış Campus. Master thesis, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey, 2015;i-30.
- [13] Aktaş B. Electromagnetic field measurement in a electricity distribution company and statistical evaluation of possible effects on employees. Master thesis, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, 2016;iii-27.
- [14] Genç Ö. Statistical analysis of the effects of GSM bands to the electromagnetic pollution in the RF frequencies. PhD thesis, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, 10-39.
- [15] ICNIRP, https://www.icnirp.org/, (May 2019)
- [16] BTK, https://www.btk.gov.tr/, (May 2019)
- [17] SRM-3006, https://www.protelturkey.com/en/brands/narda-en/, (May 2019)
- [18] Bio-well, https://www.bio-well.com/gb/home.html, (May 2019)
Marmara Üniversitesi Başıbüyük Kampüsü'ndeki Elektromanyetik Alan Kirliliğinin Farklı Hava Koşullarına Göre Gaz Boşalım Görselleştirmesi Tekniği Kullanılarak Analizi ve Değerlendirilmesi
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 32 Sayı: 4, 405 - 412, 01.11.2020
İbrahim Öztürk
,
Veysel Gökhan Böcekçi
,
Aynur Akar
Öz
Teknolojinin sürekli
gelişimine bağlı olarak insanların teknolojik cihazlara olan ilgileri
artmaktadır. Elektrik ile çalışan cihazlar elektrik ve manyetik alan üretirler.
Elektrik ve manyetik alan yoğunlukları uluslararası kuruluşlar ve Türkiye Bilgi
Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu (BTK) tarafından sınırlandırılmaktadır. Baz
istasyonları tarafından üretilen elektromanyetik alan değerleri BTK tarafından
takip edilmektedir. Ayrıca BTK tarafından belirlenen sınır değerler
uluslararası kuruluşlara göre daha katıdır. Elektromanyetik alanın yoğunluğu,
sisteme olan mesafe ve gücüne göre değişmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Marmara
Üniversitesi Başıbüyük Kampüsü’ndeki elektromanyetik alan kirliliği periyodik
olarak ve farklı hava koşullarına göre analiz edilmiştir. Ölçümler 19 farklı
noktada yapılmıştır ve haritalandırılmıştır. Ölçümde SRM 3006 model selektif
radyasyon ölçer cihazı kullanılmıştır. Ölçüm sonuçları uluslararası limit
değerlerle karşılaştırıldı ve değerlendirildi. Uluslararası kuruluşlar
tarafından ortam için belirlenen sınır değer 61 V/m, BTK tarafından belirlenen
sınır değer ise 42 V/m’dir. 12 günlük periyodik ölçümlerin ortalama elektrik
alan değeri 1,53 V/m’dir. Güneşli havalarda ortalama elektrik alan 1,9 V/m,
yağışlı havalarda 1,28 V/m ve bulutlu havalarda 1,39 V/m’dir. Kampüs içindeki
farklı elektromanyetik alan noktalarının enerji ve stres durumlarındaki olası
değişikliklerini gözlemlemek için Gaz Boşalım Görselleştirmesi tekniği
kullanılmıştır. Bio-well cihazı ile bu teknik kullanılarak stres ve enerji
ölçümü yapıldı. Ölçüm sonuçlarına göre stres ve enerji durumlarında herhangi
bir farklılık gözlenmedi.
Proje Numarası
FEN-C-YLP-141118-0601
Kaynakça
- [1] Pollack, G. L., Stump, D. R. (2004) Electromagnetism, 2. Edition, Editors; Zengin, M., Turkoz, S., Aydin, Z., Ankara, Turkey, s. 1-50.
- [2] Özdinç, Polat, L. N. (2011) Modelling of SAR distribution and temperature increase in muscle tissue of electromagnetic field exposure. MSC thesis, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, 3-20.
- [3] Magnetic Field Of Current, http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/magcur.html#c1, (May 2019).
- [4] Keysan A. (2015) Electromagnetic field map of Balıkesir city center and Balıkesir university cagıs campus. MSC thesis, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey, i-30.
- [5] Cleveland, R. F., Ulcek, Jr. J. L. (1999) Questions and Answers about Biological Effects and Potential Hazards of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering & Technology, Oet Bulletin 56, Fourth Edition, Washington, USA.
- [6] Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer, https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/electromagnetic-fields-fact-sheet, (May 2019).
- [7] Martinez-Samano J, Flores-Poblano A, Verdugo-Diaz L, Juarez-Oropeza MA, Torres-Duran PV. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure and restraint stress induce changes on the brain lipid profile of Wistar rats. BMC Neuroscience. 2018;31.
- [8] A review of the effects of electromagnetic fields on the environment, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317175275_A_REVIEW_OF_THE_EFFECTS_OF_ELECTROMAGNETIC_FIELDS_ON_THE_ENVIRONMENT, (June 2019)
- [9] Markov MS. Electromagnetic fields and life. J Electr Electron Syst. 2014;119(3).
- [10] Kıvrak EG, Yurt KK, Kaplan AA, Alkan I, Altun G. Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on the antioxidant defense system. J of Microscopy and Ultrastructure. 2017;5:167-176.
- [11] Valberg PA. Electric and magnetic fields: What do we know about the health?. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2018;86:448-454.
- [12] Keysan A. Electromagnetic field map of Balıkesir city center and Balıkesir University Çağış Campus. Master thesis, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey, 2015;i-30.
- [13] Aktaş B. Electromagnetic field measurement in a electricity distribution company and statistical evaluation of possible effects on employees. Master thesis, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, 2016;iii-27.
- [14] Genç Ö. Statistical analysis of the effects of GSM bands to the electromagnetic pollution in the RF frequencies. PhD thesis, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, 10-39.
- [15] ICNIRP, https://www.icnirp.org/, (May 2019)
- [16] BTK, https://www.btk.gov.tr/, (May 2019)
- [17] SRM-3006, https://www.protelturkey.com/en/brands/narda-en/, (May 2019)
- [18] Bio-well, https://www.bio-well.com/gb/home.html, (May 2019)