Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Hava Kalitesi, Meteorolojik Faktörler ve COVID-19'un Yayılma Dinamikleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Araştırılması: Türkiye İçin Bir Vaka Çalışması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 3, 243 - 251, 24.09.2025

Öz

Hava kalitesi parametrelerinin ve meteorolojik faktörlerin SARS-CoV-2 yayılımı üzerindeki etkisinin anlaşılması bilim dünyasında araştırılmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin şehirlerinde SARS-CoV-2 vakalarının oluşumu üzerinde hava kalitesi ve meteorolojik parametrelerin etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. PM2.5, PM10, O3, SO2, CO gibi hava kalitesi verileri ile sıcaklık ve nem gibi meteorolojik veriler, Türkiye genelinde 41 şehirde Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ve mekânsal regresyon modelleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu bölgesel vaka çalışması, Türkiye şehirlerinin kendine özgü özelliklerinin bölgeye özgü yaklaşımlar gerektirdiğini kabul ederek yerelleştirilmiş araştırmaların önemini vurgulamakta ve mevcut literatüre katkı sunmaktadır. İklim, hava kalitesi ve kentleşme örüntülerindeki bölgesel farklılıklar, hastalık yayılımını önemli ölçüde etkileyebilir; bu da virüsün yayılımının kapsamlı şekilde anlaşılması için yerel düzeyde yapılan çalışmaları hayati kılmaktadır. Hem genel hem de yerel düzeydeki ilişkileri değerlendirmek amacıyla En Küçük Kareler (OLS) ve Coğrafi Ağırlıklı Regresyon (GWR) yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. OLS analizi ulusal düzeyde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkiler ortaya koymazken, GWR yöntemi özellikle PM2.5 ve PM10 açısından ilişkilerin mekânsal değişkenlik gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Aksaray ve Konya gibi bazı şehirlerde partikül madde yoğunluğu ile COVID-19 vakaları arasında daha güçlü korelasyonlar gözlemlenmiş, bu da yerel çevresel ve kentsel faktörlerin etkisine işaret etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, yeni ortaya çıkan bulaşıcı hastalıklara karşı dayanıklılığı artırmaya ve bölgeye özel stratejilerle daha sağlıklı, sürdürülebilir kentsel ortamlar geliştirmeye yönelik küresel çabalara katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca elde edilen sonuçlar, yüksek riskli bölgelerde hava kalitesini iyileştirmeye ve gelecekteki pandemilerin halk sağlığı ile ekonomi üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini azaltmaya yönelik stratejilerin oluşturulmasında yerel politika yapıcılara değerli bilgiler sunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • WHO. (2020). World Health Organization. https://covid19.who.int
  • Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., ... Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
  • Marquès, M., Rovira, J., Nadal, M., & Domingo, J. L. (2021). Effects of air pollution on the potential transmission and mortality of COVID-19: A preliminary case study in Tarragona Province (Catalonia, Spain). Environmental Research, 192, 110315.
  • Setti, L., Passarini, F., De Gennaro, G., Barbieri, P., Licen, S., Perrone, M. G., ... Miani, A. (2020). Potential role of particulate matter in the spreading of COVID-19 in Northern Italy: First observational study based on initial epidemic diffusion. BMJ Open, 10(9), e039338.
  • Lin, S., Wei, D., Sun, Y., Chen, K., Yang, L., Liu, B., ... Wu, S. (2020). Region-specific air pollutants and meteorological parameters influence COVID-19: A study from mainland China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 204, 111035.
  • Hassan, M. S., Bhuiyan, M. A. H., Tareq, F., Bodrud-Doza, M., Tanu, S. M., & Rabbani, K. A. (2021). Relationship between COVID-19 infection rates and air pollution, geo-meteorological, and social parameters. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08810-4
  • Stieb, D. M., Evans, G. J., To, T. M., Brook, J. R., & Burnett, R. T. (2020). An ecological analysis of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and incidence of COVID-19 in Canadian health regions. Environmental Research, 191, 110052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110052
  • Dales, R., Blanco-Vidal, C., Romero-Meza, R., Schoen, S., Lukina, A., & Cakmak, S. (2021). The association between air pollution and COVID-19 related mortality in Santiago, Chile: A daily time series analysis. Environmental Research, 198, 111284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111284
  • Meo, S. A., Almutairi, F. J., Abukhalaf, A. A., Alessa, O. M., Al-Khlaiwi, T., & Meo, A. S. (2021). Sandstorm and its effect on particulate matter PM2.5, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone pollutants and SARS-CoV-2 cases and deaths. Science of The Total Environment, 795, 148764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148764
  • Khorsandi, B., Farzad, K., Tahriri, H., & Maknoon, R. (2021). Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 hospital admission/mortality during warm seasons. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(7), 426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09210-y
  • Orak, N.H. (2022). Effect of ambient air pollution and meteorological factors on the potential transmission of COVID-19 in Turkey, Environmental Research, Volume 212, Part E, 113646, ISSN 0013-9351, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113646.
  • Ulutaş, K., Abujayyab, S.K., Abu Amr, S.S. (2023). The effect of air quality parameters on new COVID-19 cases between two different climatic and geographical regions in Turkey. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 152, 801–812. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-023-04420-5
  • ESRI. (2023). ArcGIS for Personal Use. https://www.esri.com.tr/tr-tr/urunler/arcgis-for-personal-use
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2021). COVID-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/
  • T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı. (2023). Ulusal Hava Kalitesi İzleme Ağı. https://sim.csb.gov.tr/
  • T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. (2023). Meteorolojik Veri Bilgi Satış ve Sunum Websitesi.
  • Hurvich, C. M., & Tsai, C.-L. (1989). Regression and time series model selection in small samples. Biometrika, 76(2), 297–307. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/76.2.297
  • Tayanç, M., Sezen, İ., Ünal, A. et al. (2022). A holistic approach to the air quality of Konya City, Turkey. Air Qual Atmos Health 15, 951–965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-022-01200-4
  • Cambra-López, M., Aarnink, A.J.A., Zhao, Y., Calvet, S. Torres, A.G. (2010). Airborne particulate matter from livestock production systems: A review of an air pollution problem, Environmental Pollution, Volume 158, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 1-17, ISSN 0269-7491, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.07.011.

Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 3, 243 - 251, 24.09.2025

Öz

Understanding the influence of air quality parameters and meteorological factors on SARS-CoV-2 transmission remains a critical concern in the science world. This study investigates the effects of air quality and meteorological parameters on the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 cases in the cities of Türkiye. Air quality data including PM2.5, PM10, O3, SO2, CO, along with meteorological data such as temperature and humidity, were analyzed across 41 cities in Türkiye using Geographic Information Systems and spatial regression models. This regional case study contributes to existing research by emphasizing the importance of localized investigations, acknowledging that the unique characteristics of cities in Türkiye demand a region-specific approach. Differences in climate, air quality, and urbanization patterns across regions can significantly influence disease transmission, making localized studies essential for a comprehensive understanding of virus spread. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) methods were employed to assess both global and localized associations. While the OLS analysis did not reveal statistically significant relationships at the national scale, the GWR approach uncovered notable spatial variability in the strength of associations, particularly for PM2.5 and PM10. Certain cities, such as Aksaray and Konya, exhibited stronger correlations between particulate matter concentrations and COVID-19 incidence, suggesting the influence of localized environmental and urban characteristics. The findings of this study aim to enhance global efforts to improve resilience against emerging infectious diseases and promote sustainable, healthier urban environments through tailored regional strategies. Additionally, the results provide valuable insights to local policymakers, aiding in the implementation of strategies to improve air quality in high-risk regions and mitigate the adverse effects of future pandemics on public health and the economy.

Teşekkür

We thank the TÜBİTAK 2209-A Research Project Support Program for University Undergraduate Students for funding this study.

Kaynakça

  • WHO. (2020). World Health Organization. https://covid19.who.int
  • Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., ... Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
  • Marquès, M., Rovira, J., Nadal, M., & Domingo, J. L. (2021). Effects of air pollution on the potential transmission and mortality of COVID-19: A preliminary case study in Tarragona Province (Catalonia, Spain). Environmental Research, 192, 110315.
  • Setti, L., Passarini, F., De Gennaro, G., Barbieri, P., Licen, S., Perrone, M. G., ... Miani, A. (2020). Potential role of particulate matter in the spreading of COVID-19 in Northern Italy: First observational study based on initial epidemic diffusion. BMJ Open, 10(9), e039338.
  • Lin, S., Wei, D., Sun, Y., Chen, K., Yang, L., Liu, B., ... Wu, S. (2020). Region-specific air pollutants and meteorological parameters influence COVID-19: A study from mainland China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 204, 111035.
  • Hassan, M. S., Bhuiyan, M. A. H., Tareq, F., Bodrud-Doza, M., Tanu, S. M., & Rabbani, K. A. (2021). Relationship between COVID-19 infection rates and air pollution, geo-meteorological, and social parameters. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08810-4
  • Stieb, D. M., Evans, G. J., To, T. M., Brook, J. R., & Burnett, R. T. (2020). An ecological analysis of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and incidence of COVID-19 in Canadian health regions. Environmental Research, 191, 110052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110052
  • Dales, R., Blanco-Vidal, C., Romero-Meza, R., Schoen, S., Lukina, A., & Cakmak, S. (2021). The association between air pollution and COVID-19 related mortality in Santiago, Chile: A daily time series analysis. Environmental Research, 198, 111284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111284
  • Meo, S. A., Almutairi, F. J., Abukhalaf, A. A., Alessa, O. M., Al-Khlaiwi, T., & Meo, A. S. (2021). Sandstorm and its effect on particulate matter PM2.5, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone pollutants and SARS-CoV-2 cases and deaths. Science of The Total Environment, 795, 148764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148764
  • Khorsandi, B., Farzad, K., Tahriri, H., & Maknoon, R. (2021). Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 hospital admission/mortality during warm seasons. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(7), 426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09210-y
  • Orak, N.H. (2022). Effect of ambient air pollution and meteorological factors on the potential transmission of COVID-19 in Turkey, Environmental Research, Volume 212, Part E, 113646, ISSN 0013-9351, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113646.
  • Ulutaş, K., Abujayyab, S.K., Abu Amr, S.S. (2023). The effect of air quality parameters on new COVID-19 cases between two different climatic and geographical regions in Turkey. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 152, 801–812. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-023-04420-5
  • ESRI. (2023). ArcGIS for Personal Use. https://www.esri.com.tr/tr-tr/urunler/arcgis-for-personal-use
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2021). COVID-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/
  • T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı. (2023). Ulusal Hava Kalitesi İzleme Ağı. https://sim.csb.gov.tr/
  • T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. (2023). Meteorolojik Veri Bilgi Satış ve Sunum Websitesi.
  • Hurvich, C. M., & Tsai, C.-L. (1989). Regression and time series model selection in small samples. Biometrika, 76(2), 297–307. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/76.2.297
  • Tayanç, M., Sezen, İ., Ünal, A. et al. (2022). A holistic approach to the air quality of Konya City, Turkey. Air Qual Atmos Health 15, 951–965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-022-01200-4
  • Cambra-López, M., Aarnink, A.J.A., Zhao, Y., Calvet, S. Torres, A.G. (2010). Airborne particulate matter from livestock production systems: A review of an air pollution problem, Environmental Pollution, Volume 158, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 1-17, ISSN 0269-7491, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.07.011.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hava Kirliliği Modellemesi ve Kontrolü, Çevre Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ayşenur Kocamaz 0009-0001-3502-0760

Yekta Akkuş Bu kişi benim 0009-0001-8410-7192

Şeyma Babayiğit 0009-0002-3944-4218

Nur Hanife Orak 0000-0002-3830-9260

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 21 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 37 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kocamaz, A., Akkuş, Y., Babayiğit, Ş., Orak, N. H. (2025). Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, 37(3), 243-251.
AMA Kocamaz A, Akkuş Y, Babayiğit Ş, Orak NH. Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye. JEPS. Eylül 2025;37(3):243-251.
Chicago Kocamaz, Ayşenur, Yekta Akkuş, Şeyma Babayiğit, ve Nur Hanife Orak. “Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 37, sy. 3 (Eylül 2025): 243-51.
EndNote Kocamaz A, Akkuş Y, Babayiğit Ş, Orak NH (01 Eylül 2025) Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 37 3 243–251.
IEEE A. Kocamaz, Y. Akkuş, Ş. Babayiğit, ve N. H. Orak, “Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye”, JEPS, c. 37, sy. 3, ss. 243–251, 2025.
ISNAD Kocamaz, Ayşenur vd. “Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 37/3 (Eylül2025), 243-251.
JAMA Kocamaz A, Akkuş Y, Babayiğit Ş, Orak NH. Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye. JEPS. 2025;37:243–251.
MLA Kocamaz, Ayşenur vd. “Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, c. 37, sy. 3, 2025, ss. 243-51.
Vancouver Kocamaz A, Akkuş Y, Babayiğit Ş, Orak NH. Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye. JEPS. 2025;37(3):243-51.