CHEMICAL MODIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POWDER ACTIVATED CARBON WITH NITRIC ACID AND SULFONIC ACID

Öz

Activated carbon is a widely used adsorbent in the adsorption process for the removal of toxic pollutants. Physical, chemical and biological modifications are necessary to increase the adsorption capacity of activated carbon. In this study, the effects of chemical modification of activated carbon on its structural and chemical properties were investigated using nitric acid and sulfonic acid. Characterization analysis of original, nitric acid modified and sulfonic acid modified activated carbons, scanning electron microscope (SEM), brunauer–emmett–teller (BET), fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) were determined by their analysis. The effects of modification on surface properties were explained by pHpzc and surface acidic-basic group experiments. Both nitric acid and sulfonic acid modifications led to an increase in BET surface area, pore volume and width, and a decrease in the amount of pHpzc and surface acid groups. Especially in sulfonic acid modification, the total pore volume from 273.56 m2/g to 868.48 m2/g; An increase from 0.22 cm3/g to 0.88 cm3/g is an important result. It was observed that –OH, C=O groups were added as a result of nitric acid modification, and SO3H, S=O and C-S functional groups were added to the structure as a result of sulfonic acid modification.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Activated Carbon
• Functional Group
• Characterization
• Modification
• Surface Chemistry

TOZ AKTİF KARBONUN NİTRİK ASİT VE SÜLFONİK ASİT İLE KİMYASAL MODİFİKASYONU VE KARAKTERİZASYONU

Öz

Kirleticilerin giderimi için adsorpsiyon prosesinde aktif karbon yaygın olarak kullanılan adsorbenttir. Aktif karbonun adsorpsiyon kapasitesini arttırmak için fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik modifikasyonlar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada nitrik asit ve sülfonik asit kullanılarak yapılan kimyasal modifikasyonunun aktif karbonun yapısal ve kimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Orijinal, nitrik asit ve sülfonik asit ile modifiye edilmiş adsorbentlerinin karakterizasyon analizi, taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), brunauer–emmett–teller (BET), fourier transform kızılötesi spektrofotometre (FTIR) analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. Yüzey özelliklerine modifikasyonun etkilerini belirlemek için pHpzc ve yüzey asidik bazik gruplar tespit edilmiştir. Hem nitrik asit hem de sülfonik asit modifikasyonu BET yüzey alanını, por hacmi ve genişliğinde artışa, pHpzc ve yüzey asit gruplarının miktarında ise azalmaya yol açmıştır. Özellikle sülfonik asit ile modifikasyondan sonra yüzey alanı 273,56 m2/g’dan 868,48 m2/g’a toplam gözenek hacmi; 0,22 cm3/g değerinden 0,88 cm3/g değerine artışı önemli bir sonuçtur. Nitrik asit modifikasyonu sonucu –OH, C=O grupları, sülfonik asit modifikasyonu sonucu ise SO3H, S=O ve C-S fonksiyonel gruplarının yapıya eklendiği gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aktif Karbon
• Fonksiyonel Grup
• Karakterizasyon
• Modifikasyon
• Yüzey Kimyası

Kaynakça

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