THE EFFECT OF TOP FILLING LAYER ON REDUCTION OF LIQUEFACTION-INDUCED SETTLEMENT: A CASE STUDY

Öz

The type of soil layers, their geotechnical properties, dynamic behavior, and liquefaction occurs due to earthquake characteristics are among the main soil-related factors that may have negative effects on the behavior of engineering structures during earthquakes. Liquefaction-induced settlements should be predicted to reflect the truth, and an appropriate improvement method that can be proven to be economical and controllable with engineering studies should be selected and measures should be taken. In this study to limit the liquefaction-induced settlements, it is proposed to construct an engineering fill layer of a certain thickness on the liquefied layer, considering the Ishihara criterion, and the changes in the liquefaction-induced settlements after the improvement were investigated by numerical analysis in which the dynamic behavior of the sand soil layers was completed with the PM4Sand Constituent Model. In addition, liquefaction-induced settlements before the improvement were also calculated with different semi-empirical relations and compared with the numerical analysis results, the most appropriate semi-empirical correlation was determined. It is thought that the study will be an alternative to the commonly used improvement methods and can provide an exemplary engineering practice for the cost-effective design of soil improvement with the construction of a non-liquefied layer on the liquefied layer.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Liquefaction
• Settlement
• PM4Sand
• Ishihara Criterion
• Improvement

SIVILAŞMA KAYNAKLI OTURMALARIN AZALTILMASINDA ÜST DOLGU TABAKASININ ETKİSİ: BİR VAKA ANALİZİ

Öz

Zemin tabakalarının cinsi, geoteknik özellikleri ve dinamik davranışı ile deprem özelliklerine bağlı olarak meydana gelen sıvılaşma, depremler sırasında mühendislik yapıların davranışı üzerinde olumsuz etkilere yol açabilecek zemin kaynaklı başlıca faktörler arasında yer almaktadır. Sıvılaşma kaynaklı oturmalar doğruyu yansıtacak şekilde öngörülmeli ve gerekmesi durumunda yapılan mühendislik çalışmaları ile ekonomik ve kontrol edilebilir olduğu kanıtlanabilen uygun bir iyileştirme yöntemi seçilerek önlem alınmadır. Bu çalışmada, sıvılaşma potansiyeli olan bir sahada meydana gelecek sıvılaşma kaynaklı oturmaları sınırlandırmak amacıyla Ishihara kriteri dikkate alınarak sıvılaşan tabaka üzerine belirli kalınlıkta bir mühendislik dolgu tabaka inşası önerilmiş ve iyileştirme sonrası sıvılaşma kaynaklı oturmalarda meydana gelen değişimler kum zemin tabakalarının dinamik davranışının PM4Sand Bünye Modeli ile tamamlandığı sayısal analizler ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca iyileştirme öncesi sıvılaşma kaynaklı meydana gelecek oturma değerleri farklı yarı-ampirik bağıntılar ile de hesaplanmış ve sayısal analiz sonuçları ile karşılaştırılarak en uygun yarı-ampirik bağıntı belirlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmanın yaygın olarak kullanılan iyileştirme yöntemlerine bir alternatif olacağı ve sıvılaşan tabaka üzerine sıvılaşmayan tabaka inşası ile zemin iyileştirmesinin maliyet etkin tasarımı için örnek bir mühendislik uygulama sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sıvılaşma
• Oturma
• PM4Sand
• Ishihara Kriteri
• İyileştirme

Kaynakça

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