CLASSIFICATION OF ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA CELLS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Yıl 2024, , 488 - 504, 26.09.2024

Ayşe Berika Varol Malkoçoğlu , İsmail İşeri

https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1466823

Öz

Due to the morphological similarity between immature lymphoblasts (cancerous cells) to lymphocytes (non-cancerous cells), detecting Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia poses a significant challenge for pathologists. These cells, which exhibit a similar pattern, can lead to various errors during the diagnosis of the disease. In this study, the cancerous and non-cancerous cells were classified using 3 different artificial intelligence approaches. In the first approach, the classification process was carried out by training Convolutional Neural Networks in 4 different architectures. In the second approach, a hybrid approach was proposed by combining the convolution layer of the CNN model as the feature extractor with the Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes and Random Forest algorithms as the classifier. The classification processes were carried out by training the proposed second approach. In the third approach, the classification process was performed using transfer learning process and ResNet50 and VGG16 networks. In all experiments, the effects of hyper-parameter and dataset changes on model performance were also examined. The results obtained by these three approaches were compared using the Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F-score, and AUC performance measures. It was determined that the most successful results were obtained with the 1st approach using the Dataset3.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Cancer Detection

AKUT LENFOBLASTİK LÖSEMİ HÜCRELERİNİN YAPAY ZEKA İLE SINIFLANDIRILMASI

Öz

Olgunlaşmamış lenfoblastların (kanserli hücreler) lenfositlere (kanserli olmayan hücreler) morfolojik benzerliği Akut Lenfoblastik Lösemi kanserinin tespitinde patologlar için zorlu bir problemdir. Benzer bir desene sahip olan bu hücreler, hastalığın teşhisi sırasında çeşitli hatalara neden olabilmektedir. Bu sebepten çalışma kapsamında kanserli ve kanserli olmayan hücreler 3 farklı yapay zeka yaklaşımı kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir. İlk yaklaşımda Evrişimsel Sinir Ağları 4 farklı mimaride eğitilerek sınıflandırma işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. İkinci yaklaşımda, özellik çıkarıcı olarak CNN modelinin evrişim katmanı, sınıflandırıcı olarak ise Destek Vektör Makinesi, Naive Bayes ve Rastgele Orman algoritmaları birleştirilerek hibrit bir yaklaşım sunulmuştur. Önerilen ikinci yaklaşım eğitilerek sınıflandırma işlemleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üçüncü yaklaşımda ise transfer öğrenme süreci ile ResNet50 ve VGG16 ağları kullanılarak sınıflandırma işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tüm deneylerde modellerdeki hiperparametre ve veri setleri değişikliklerinin performans üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu üç yaklaşımla elde edilen sonuçlar Doğruluk, Kesinlik, Geri Çağırma, F-skor ve AUC performans ölçüleri kullanılarak karşılaştırılmış ve en başarılı sonuçların Dataset3 kullanılarak Yaklaşım1 ile elde edildiği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yapay Zeka, Makine Öğrenimi, Kanser Tespiti

Kaynakça

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