YILDIRIM KAYNAKLI ENERJİ İLETİM HATTI ARIZALARININ İZOLATÖR BOYU VE TOPRAKLAMA DİRENCİ AÇISINDAN SINIR DEĞERLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Öz

Yıldırım, doğanın en etkileyici fiziksel fenomenlerinden biri olarak, yüksek enerjiye sahip elektriksel boşalma olarak tanımlanabilir. Dünya üzerinde 3 milyar yıldan beri var olduğu düşünülen ve kontrolsüz elektrik hareketi olarak özetlenebilecek yıldırım, havai enerji iletim hatları için en büyük arıza kaynağıdır. Bu çalışmada işletmede bulunan ve yıllık bazda en fazla yıldırım alan mevcut enerji iletim hattı karakter özellikleriyle (direk temel topraklama direnci, izolatör boyu, koruma iletken tipi, iletken tipi) Bergeron Yöntemi ile PSCAD kullanılarak modellenmiştir. Meteoroloji Bölge Müdürlüğü’nden alınan yıldırım verilerine göre hangi yıldırım şiddetinde hatta arızanın meydana geldiği ve hattın enerjisiz kaldığı belirlenmiştir. Hattın işletmecisinden mesafe koruma rölesi arıza bilgileri alınarak arızanın oluştuğu direk belirlenmiştir. Bu veriler ışığında hazırlanan modele değişik akım şiddetlerinde yıldırım enjekte edilerek, yıldırım akım şiddeti, direk topraklama direnci ve izolatör boyu arasında korelasyon elde edilmiştir. Bu korelasyon sonucunda yıldırım akım şiddetine bağlı olarak, hangi izolatör boyunda ve direk toprak değerinde hatların enerjisiz kalıp kalmayacağı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yıldırım
• İletim hattı
• Kesinti
• Bergeron
• Topraklama

DETERMINATION OF LIMIT VALUES OF LIGHTNING-INDUCED POWER TRANSMISSION LINE FAULTS DUE TO INSULATOR LENGTH AND GROUNDING RESISTANCE

Öz

Lightning, a spectacular natural phenomenon, can be defined as a high-energy electrical discharge. Existing on Earth for an estimated 3 billion years and characterized as uncontrolled electrical movement, lightning is a major cause of failures in overhead power transmission lines. This study models an existing power transmission line—the one experiencing the highest number of lightning strikes annually within the power company—using its characteristics (grounding resistance of the tower, insulator length, protective conductor type, conductor type) and the Bergeron Method within the PSCAD simulation software. Using lightning data obtained from the Regional Meteorological Directorate, the study determines the lightning intensity at which faults occur on the line, causing power outages. Fault location data from the line operator's distance protection relay is used to identify the specific tower where the fault occurred. By injecting lightning strikes of varying current intensities into the developed model, a correlation was established between lightning current intensity, tower grounding resistance, and insulator length. This correlation determined the insulator length and tower grounding resistance thresholds at which power outages are likely to occur depending on the lightning current intensity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lightning
• Transmission line
• Outage
• Bergeron
• Grounding

Kaynakça

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