IMPACT OF LOW-SEVERITY WILDFIRE ON LARGE WATER BODIES: WATER QUALITY AND DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCT PRECURSORS

Öz

Most studies have focused on evaluating the impact of moderate-to-high-severity wildfires on various water quality (WQ) parameters in riverine systems. In contrast, this study investigates the effects of low-severity wildfires on selected WQ parameters and the formation potentials of selected disinfection by-products (DBPs) in a reservoir characterized by relatively low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content in its water located downstream of a fire-impacted watershed. The results showed that post-fire initial flushes had a detrimental effect (i.e., increased turbidity [up to 150%], aromatic DOC [up to 98%], ammonia [up to 10 times] and reactive phosphorus [up to 113%], concentrations) in the headwater collecting the post-fire runoff across the burned watershed. The concentrations of DBP FPs (Trihalomethanes [THMs], haloacetic acids [HAAs] and Halonitromethanes [HANs]) were governed mainly by the DOC content of the water samples, except for N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), regardless of the sample collection point. However, the impact of the fire was limited or had no effect on the water quality parameters at the drainage point of the reservoir, which was located on the opposite side of the headwaters. Moreover, the deterioration in the WQ of the headwaters significantly improved over 2-3 months, eventually reaching levels like those observed at the reservoir drainage point. Consequently, the findings of this study demonstrate that watersheds subjected to low-severity burns do not present significant or long-term water quality degradation in large downstream water bodies adjacent to the affected areas.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Low-severity Fire
• Water Quality
• DBP
• Chlorination
• Chloramination.

DÜŞÜK ŞİDDETLİ ORMAN YANGINLARININ BÜYÜK SU KÜTLELERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: SU KALİTESİ VE DEZENFEKSİYON YAN ÜRÜNÜ ÖNCÜLLERİ

Öz

Literatürdeki çalışmalar, orta ve yüksek şiddetli orman yangınlarının akarsu sistemlerindeki çeşitli su kalitesi (SQ) parametreleri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmeye odaklanmıştır. Buna karşılık, bu çalışma, yangından etkilenmiş bir havzanın aşağısında bulunan, nispeten düşük çözünmüş organik karbon (ÇOK) içeriğine sahip bir rezervuarda, düşük şiddetli orman yangınlarının seçili SQ parametreleri ve belirli dezenfeksiyon yan ürünleri (DYU) oluşum potansiyelleri üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Sonuçlar, yangın sonrası ilk yüzey suyu akışlarının, yanmış su toplama havzası boyunca gelen yüzey akışını toplayan derelerde su kalitesine olumsuz etki yaptığını göstermiştir. Özellikle bulanıklık (%150’ye kadar), aromatik ÇOK (%98’e kadar), amonyak (10 kata kadar) ve reaktif fosfor (%113’e kadar) konsantrasyonlarında belirgin artışlar gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmada değerlendirilen DBP oluşum potansiyellerinin (trihalometanlar [THM’ler], haloasetik asitler [HAA’lar] ve halonitrometanlar [HAN’lar]) konsantrasyonlarının, numune toplama noktalarından bağımsız olarak, temel olarak su numunelerinin ÇOK içeriği tarafından kontrol edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Ancak N-nitrosaminler (NDMA) için farklı bir eğilim gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, düşük şiddetli yangının etkisinin rezervuarın çıkış noktasında sınırlı olduğu ya da SQ parametreleri üzerinde herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, su kaynağındaki su kalitesinde meydana gelen bozulmanın, 2-3 ay içinde önemli ölçüde iyileşerek nihayetinde rezervuarın tahliye noktasında gözlemlenen seviyelere ulaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmanın bulguları, düşük şiddetli yangınlara maruz kalan su toplama havzalarının, su sağladığı büyük su kütleli su toplama göletlerinde önemli bir su kalitesi değişimine yol açmadığını göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Düşük şiddetli yangınlar
• Su kalitesi
• DYU
• Klorlama
• Kloramininleme.

Kaynakça

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