MAKİNE ÖĞRENMESİ VE DERİN ÖĞRENME İLE ÇOK BOYUTLU ÖZELLİKLER KULLANILARAK EEG SİNYALLERİNDEN KOGNİTİF İŞ YÜKÜNÜN SINIFLANDIRILMASI

Öz

Bu çalışmada EEG sinyallerinden kognitif iş yükü seviyelerinin sınıflandırılması amaçlanmıştır. 48 deneğe ait dinlenme ve görev kognitif yük koşullarındaki EEG sinyalleri analiz edilmiştir. EEG verileri üzerinde 1-50 Hz bandında bant geçiren ve çentik filtreleme yöntemleri uygulanarak gürültü ve artefaktlar temizlenmiştir. Daha sonra, EEG verileri 256 ve 512 örnek boyutlarında pencereleme tekniğiyle segmente edilerek zaman, frekans ve karmaşıklık temelli toplam 309 öznitelik çıkarılmıştır. Elde edilen öznitelik seti kullanılarak, çok sınıflı sınıflandırma işlemi için lojistik regresyon, destek vektör makineleri, k-en yakın komşu, rastgele orman, XGBoost makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları ile derin sinir ağları (DNN), tek boyutlu konvolüsyonel sinir ağları (1D-CNN) ve uzun kısa süreli bellek (LSTM) gibi derin öğrenme yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlarda en yüksek başarı, 99.4% doğruluk oranı ve 0,990 kohen kappa değeri ile XGBoost modelinde, derin öğrenme yöntemlerinde ise 98.75% doğruluk oranı ve 0,981 kappa değeri ile LSTM modelinde elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, EEG sinyallerinden elde edilen çok boyutlu özelliklerin hem makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları hem de derin öğrenme modelleriyle entegrasyonunun kognitif iş yükü sınıflandırmasında yüksek doğruluk sağladığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• EEG
• Kognitif İş Yükü
• Makine Öğrenmesi
• Derin Öğrenme
• Özellik Çıkarımı
• Biyomedikal.

CLASSIFICATION OF COGNITIVE WORKLOAD FROM EEG SIGNALS USING MULTIDIMENSIONAL FEATURES WITH MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING

Öz

This study aims to classify cognitive workload levels from EEG signals. EEG signals from 48 subjects under resting and task cognitive load conditions were analyzed. Noise and artifacts were removed by applying band-pass and notch filtering methods in the 1-50 Hz band on the EEG data. Then, the EEG data were segmented with the windowing technique in 256 and 512 sample sizes, and a total of 309 features based on time, frequency, and complexity were extracted. Using the obtained feature set, logistic regression (LR), support vector machines (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), random forest (RF), XGBoost machine learning (ML) algorithms and deep neural networks (DNN), one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D-CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) deep learning (DL) methods were applied for multi-class classification. In the experimental results, the highest success was obtained in the XGBoost model with a 99.4% accuracy rate and 0.990 Cohen’s kappa value, and in DL methods, a 98.75% accuracy rate and 0.981 Kappa value in the LSTM model. This study reveals that integrating multidimensional features obtained from EEG signals with both ML algorithms and DL models provides high accuracy in cognitive workload classification.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• EEG
• Cognitive Workload
• Machine Learning
• Deep Learning
• Feature Extraction
• Biomedical.

Kaynakça

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