ÇOCUKLARIN DENTAL PANORAMİK RADYOGRAFİLERİNDE YAMA TABANLI DİŞ SEGMENTASYONU

Öz

Dental Panoramik Radyografisi (DPR), ağız sağlığını değerlendirmek için yaygın olarak kullanılan bir görüntüleme yöntemidir. Bununla birlikte, süt dişlerinin değişken morfolojisi ve 2 boyutlu projeksiyonlarda üst üste binen anatomik yapıların doğasında var olan karmaşıklık nedeniyle, pediatrik DPR'lerde doğru diş segmentasyonu önemli bir zorluk olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışma, yama tabanlı derin öğrenme (DÖ) yaklaşımı kullanarak pediatrik DPR'lerde segmentasyon doğruluğunu artırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Modeller, 193 pediatrik DPR ve bunlara karşılık gelen gerçek maskelerden oluşan nispeten yeni CDPR veri seti kullanılarak eğitilmiştir. Optimal giriş boyutunu araştırmak için, görüntüler tam çözünürlüklü görüntülere ek olarak 2, 4, 8, 16 ve 32 yamaya bölünmüştür. Beş önde gelen DÖ modeli—PSPNet, DeepLabv3+, R2 U-Net, U-Net ve U-Net++—bu farklı yama konfigürasyonlarında eğitilmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Daha sonra, kapsamlı değerlendirme için tam boyutlu segmentlenmiş görüntüleri yeniden oluşturmak üzere özne tabanlı bir yama yeniden yapılandırma yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlar, PSPNet, DeepLabv3+ ve U-Net için en iyi segmentasyon performansının 8-yama yaklaşımıyla elde edildiğini, R2 U-Net'in ise 16-yama konfigürasyonuyla en iyi performansı gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Özellikle, 2-yama yaklaşımını kullanan U-Net++ modeli, diğer tüm modelleri ve konfigürasyonları geride bırakarak 0,9222'lik en yüksek Dice skoruna ulaşmıştır. Bu bulgular, yama tabanlı eğitimin pediatrik DPR'lerde segmentasyon performansını önemli ölçüde iyileştirdiğini göstermektedir; bu da özellikle sınırlı veri koşullarında son derece değerli bir sonuçtur. Bu yeni yaklaşım, segmentasyon doğruluğunu ve genel iş akışı verimliliğini artırarak pediatrik diş bakımını etkili bir şekilde desteklemek için klinik entegrasyon açısından umut verici sonuçlar sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Diş Segmentasyonu
• Panoramik Radyografi
• Görüntü Yamalama
• Derin Öğrenme
• Yapay Zeka

Proje Numarası

Ataturk University Scientific Research Projects Grant FDK-2021-9758

PATCH-BASED TOOTH SEGMENTATION ON CHILDREN'S DENTAL PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHS

Öz

Dental Panoramic Radiography (DPR) is a widely utilized imaging modality for assessing oral health. However, accurate tooth segmentation in pediatric DPRs remains a significant challenge due to the variable morphology of deciduous teeth and the inherent complexity of overlapping anatomical structures in 2D projections. This study was conducted to enhance segmentation accuracy in pediatric DPRs by employing a patch-based deep learning (DL) approach. The models were trained using the relatively recent CDPR dataset, which consists of 193 pediatric DPRs and their corresponding ground truth masks. To investigate the optimal input size, the images were divided into 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 patches, in addition to the full-resolution images. Five prominent DL models—PSPNet, DeepLabv3+, R2 U-Net, U-Net, and U-Net++—were trained and evaluated across these different patch configurations. A subject-based patch reconstruction method was subsequently implemented to rebuild the full-size segmented images for comprehensive evaluation. Experimental results indicated that the optimal segmentation performance for PSPNet, DeepLabv3+, and U-Net was achieved with the 8-patch approach, while R2 U-Net performed best with the 16-patch configuration. Notably, the U-Net++ model using a 2-patch approach outperformed all other models and configurations, achieving the highest Dice score of 0.9222. These findings demonstrate that patch-based training significantly improves segmentation performance in pediatric DPRs, which is a particularly valuable outcome under limited data conditions. This novel approach offers promising results for clinical integration, effectively supporting pediatric dental care by enhancing segmentation accuracy and overall workflow efficiency.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tooth Segmentation
• Panoramic Radiograph
• Patchify Image
• Deep Learning
• Artificial Intelligence

Destekleyen Kurum

Ataturk University

Proje Numarası

Ataturk University Scientific Research Projects Grant FDK-2021-9758

Etik Beyan

This study uses publicly available and anonymized dental radiographic data. Therefore, ethical approval was not required according to the guidelines of our institution and international research ethics standards.

Teşekkür

This work is supported by Ataturk University Scientific Research Projects Grant FDK-2021-9758. Thanks to the Ataturk University High Performance Computing Application and Research Center for computing support.

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