ÇELİK GUSE (BİRLEŞİM) PLAKLARI ÜZERİNE ANALİTİK BİR ÇALIŞMA

Öz

1 Ağustos 2007 tarihinde, Minnesota Amerika’da, Mississipi Nehri üzerinde bulunan, Eyaletlerarası 35W (I-35W) adlı köprü çökmüştür. Bu trajik vaka, 13 ölüm, 145 de yaralı ile sonuçlanmıştır. Bu üzücü kazaya çelik guse plakasındaki tasarım kusuru nedeni ile oluşan zayıf birleşimin yol açtığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu trajik kaza, çelik guse plaklarının köprülerde tasarımının ve tatbikinin can alıcı öneme sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.  Tasarım mühendislerinin çelik guse plaklarının dizaynına kayda değer ehemniyet vermesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada çelik guse plakların burkulma davranışları incelenmiştir. Çelik guse plaklarının sonlu elemanlar yöntemine göre basınç yükü altındaki analizinde, (Higgins et al., 2016 ; Scott et al., 2008) tarafindan hazırlanmış bir program kullanılmıştır. Analizlerde tek eksenli gerilme şekil değiştirme plastisite modeli göz önüne alınmıştır. Çelik guse plaklarının üç boyutlu gerilme şekil değiştirme durumu tanımlanmış ve doğrusal olmayan statik analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizler esnasında, çelik guse plaklarına, farklı düzlem dışı kusurların, farklı narinlik katsayılarının ve farklı eleman boyutlarının etkisi incelenmiştir. Çelik guse plakalarında bulunan civataların plak içerisinde konumlarının değişiminin davranışa etkisi de araştırılmıştır. Bu parametrelerdeki değişimin,  maksimum göçme yükünün kritik Euler burkulma yükü oranına etkisi de incelenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda düzlem dışı kusurların çelik guse plaklarının basınç yükleri etkisi altındaki deplasmanlarına önemli derecede etki ettiği görülmüştür. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Köprüler,Çelik yapılar,Çelik guse plakları,İnşaat mühendisliği,Köprü birleşim elemanları

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON STEEL GUSSET PLATES

Öz

On August 1, 2007, the Interstate 35W (I-35W) bridge over the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota USA, collapsed, resulting in 13 deaths and 145 injuries. The cause of the collapse was a design flaw resulted in week gusset plate connection. This very tragic example showed us again that, gusset plate design and implementation on bridges have crucial importance.  Designers should give significant consideration during the design of steel gusset plate connections. In this study, the buckling behavior of steel gusset plates was investigated. An automated finite-element analysis program (Higgins et al.,2016 ; Scott et al., 2008), was used to analyze the steel gusset plates behavior under compression load. An uniaxial stress strain plasticity model was considered in the analysis. The stress-strain relationship of the steel gusset plates was defined in three dimensions. Nonlinear static analysis of the gusset plates were performed. Different out of plane imperfection, different slenderness ratios, different element sizes were considered during the analysis. The effect of change in the fastener(bolt) location on the steel gusset plates were also examined. Normalization of the ultimate failure loads of the given gusset plate with the critical Euler’s buckling load was defined. The variation of this normalization with respect to the change in the steel gusset plate parameters was analyzed. It was obtained that, imperfections have significant effect on the displacement capacity of the steel gusset plates under compression loads.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bridges,Bridge connections,Civil engineering,Steel structures,Steel gusset plates

Kaynakça

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