INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF MAGNET GEOMETRY ON MOTOR PERFORMANCE AND COST IN PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS USED IN DIRECT DRIVE ELEVATOR SYSTEMS

Yıl 2019, , 825 - 834, 19.12.2019

Cemil Ocak

https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.515050

Cited By: 3

Öz

Direct drive systems
eliminate the need for drivetrain such as gearboxes to provide higher
efficiency and a more compact structure. In this study, magnet geometry of
surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors used in direct drive
elevator applications was changed and its effects on motor performance and total
active material cost were investigated. As is known, the cost of magnets used
in electric motors has a significant share on total motor cost. Consequently, a
5.5 kW surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor has been designed,
analyzed and its parameters are presented. For the motor that passes the first
design phase, the parameters that constitute the magnet geometry given as pole
arc/pole pitch ratio, pole offset and magnet thickness values determined as
variable and parametric solutions were implemented. As a result of the
analyses, motor efficiency, cogging torque, total magnet weight and maximum
output power values were obtained and compared. In addition, the total costs of
the motors were compared for designs that aim different design criteria. Thus,
the initial design was optimized by obtaining the magnet geometry and motor
design that provides an optimal equilibrium between motor efficiency and cost.
As a result, 30% lower cost was obtained. However, while the maximum efficiency
is obtained as approximately 91%, the optimized design offers an acceptable
efficiency of about 88%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elevator, Direct Drive, Permanent Magnet, Synchronous Motor, Cost

DOĞRUDAN TAHRİKLİ ASANSÖR SİSTEMLERİNDE KULLANILAN SABİT MIKNATISLI SENKRON MOTORLARDA MIKNATIS GEOMETRİSİNİN MOTOR PERFORMANSI VE MALİYETİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Doğrudan tahrikli sistemler dişli kutusu gibi aktarma organlarına
olan ihtiyacı ortadan kaldırarak daha yüksek verimlilik ve daha küçük bir yapı
sunmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada, doğrudan tahrikli asansör uygulamalarında
kullanılan sabit mıknatıslı senkron motorlarda mıknatıs geometrisi
değiştirilerek motor performansı ve maliyeti üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir.
Motorlarda kullanılan mıknatıslara ait maliyet, toplam motor maliyeti üzerinde
önemli bir paya sahiptir. Bu sebeple öncelikle 5,5 kW gücünde yüzey
yerleştirmeli bir sabit mıknatıslı senkron motor tasarlanıp analiz edilerek
parametreleri sunulmuştur. İlk tasarım aşamasını geçen motorda mıknatıs
geometrisini belirleyen kutup yayı/kutup adımı oranı, kutup çıkıntı kaçıklığı (ofseti)
ve mıknatıs kalınlığı değerleri değişken olarak tanımlanmış ve parametrik
çözümler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda motor verimi, vuruntu momenti,
toplam mıknatıs ağırlığı ve maksimum çıkış gücü değerleri elde edilerek
karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca farklı kriterleri amaçlayan tasarımlar için
motorların toplam maliyetleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Böylelikle motor verimi ve
maliyeti arasında en iyi dengeyi sunan mıknatıs geometrisi ve motor tasarımı
elde edilerek başlangıç tasarımı iyileştirilmiş ve %30 daha düşük maliyet elde
edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte maksimum verimlik yaklaşık olarak %91 olarak elde
edilirken, dengeli tasarım yaklaşık olarak %88 değerinde kabul edilebilir bir
verimlilik sunmaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Asansör, Doğrudan Tahrik, Sabit Mıknatıs, Senkron Motor, Maliyet

Kaynakça

• Anand, R., Mahesh, M., 2016. Analysis of elevator drives energy consumptions with permanent magnet machines”, 4th IEEE International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering, 186-190.
• Bakhtiarzadeh, H., Polat, A., Ergene, L. T., 2017. Design and analysis of a permanent magnet synchronous motor for elevator applications. Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment Intl Aegean Conference on Electrical Machines and Power Electronics, 293-298.
• Cicale, S., Albini, L., Parasiliti, F., Villani, M., 2012. Design of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with grain oriented electrical steel for direct-drive elevators. XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines, 1256-1263.
• Çelik E, 2012. Sürekli mıknatıslı senkron motor hız denetiminin genetik tabanlı bulanık mantık denetleyici ile arayüz destekli simülasyonu. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitersitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 14-49.
• Dalcalı, A., Akbaba., M., 2016. Comparison of 2D and 3D magnetic field analysis of single-phase shaded pole induction motors. Engineering Sciences and Technology, an International Journal, 19(1), 1-7.
• Dalcalı, A., Akbaba, M., 2017. Optimum pole arc offset in permanent magnet synchronous generators for obtaining lowest voltage harmonics. Scientia Iranica D, 24(6), 3223-3230.
• Das, D., Kumaresan, N., Nayanar, N., Navin Sam, K., Ammasai Gounden, N., 2016. Development of BLDC motor-based elevator system suitable for DC microgrid. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics. 21(3), 1552-1560.
• Demiröz, R., Göngür, M., Duru, H. T., 2010. Asansör sistemlerinde dişlisiz tahrik uygulamaları. Asansör Sempozyumu, 90-95.
• Duan, Y., 2010. Method for design and optimization of surface mount permanent magnet machines and induction machines. Ph.D, Dept. Electrical and Comp. Eng., Georgia Ins. of. Technology.
• Grunditz, E. A., Lundmark, S. T., Nodelöf, A., 2018. Three Traction Motors with Different Magnet Materials - Influence on Cost, Losses, Vehicle Performance, Energy Use and Environmental Impact. Thirteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies.
• He, C., Wu, T., 2019. Analysis and Design of Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor and Generator. CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 94-100.
• Hu, X., Guo, H., Qian, H., Ding, X., Yang, Y., 2017. Development of a high-power-density motor for formula SAE electric race car. 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 6618-6622.
• Hwang, J. C., Liu, C. S., Chen, P. C., 2012. Design of permanent-magnet synchronous gear motor with high efficiency for elevators. IEEE Third International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies. 205-210.
• Jo, I-H., Lee, H-W., Jeong, G., Ji, W-Y., Park, C-B., 2019. A Study on the Reduction of Cogging Torque for the Skew of a Magnetic Geared Synchronous Motor. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 55, No. 2.
• Kim, D. Y., Park, M. R., Sim, J. H. and Hong, J. P., “Advanced Method of Selecting Number of Poles and Slots for Low-Frequency Vibration Reduction of Traction Motor for Elevator”, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 1554-1562, August 2017.
• Knebl, L., Ondrusek, C., Kurfürst, J., 2018. Ferrite Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor Design, Manufacturing and Material Influence on Motor Characteristics. 18th International Conference on Mechatronics - Mechatronika (ME).
• Krasnov, I. Y., Langraf, S. V., Odnokopylov, I. G., Krokhta, Y. V., Natalinova, N. M., Galtseva, O. V., Rogachev, A. A., 2017. Sensorless determination of initial position of the rotor of permanent-magnet synchronous motor of the gearless elevator hoist. International Siberian Conference on Control and Communications.
• Ocak, C., Dalcalı, A., Çelik, E., Uygun, D., 2017. FEA-Based Design Improvement of Small Scale BLDCMs Considering Magnet Thickness and Pole Embrace. Int'l Journal of Computing, Communications & Instrumentation Engg. 4(2), 31-35.
• Öztürk, N., Dalcalı, A., Çelik, E., Sakar, S., 2017. Cogging torque reduction by optimal design of PM synchronous generator for wind turbines. International Journal of Hydrojen Energy, 42, 17593-17600.
• Saygın, A., Ocak, C., Dalcalı, A., Çelik, E., 2015. Optimum rotor design of small pm bldc motor based on high efficiency criteria. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(19), 9127-9132.
• Sim, J-H., Ahn, D-G., Kim, D-K., Son, D-K., Kim, S., Hong, J-P., Lee, T. H., 2018. Multiphysics Design of Triple 3-Phase PMSM for Ultra-High Speed Elevator Applications. XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines. 284-290
• Torrent, M., Perat, J. I., Jimenez, J. A., 2018. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Different Rotor Structures for Traction Motor in High Speed Trains. Energies, Vol. 11, No. 6.
• Upadhyay, K.G., 2008. Design of electrical machines. New age international limited publishers.
• Wang, J. H., Tan, F. W., Jin, R. L., 2005. Research on low-speed gearless permanent magnet synchronous motor for elevator drive. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems.
• Yetiş, H., Boztepeli, H., Yaşa, Y., Meşe, E., 2013. Comparative design of direct drive PM synchronous motors in gearless elevator systems. 3rd International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems.
• Zarko, D., Stipetic, S., Martinovic, M., Kovacic, M., Jercic, T., Hanic, Z., 2018. Reduction of Computational Efforts in Finite Element-Based Permanent Magnet Traction Motor Optimization. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 65, No. 2, pp. 1799-1807.
• Zhao, W., Shen, H., Chai, W., Wang, X., Kwon, B., 2018. Optimal Design and Experimental Test of a SPM Motor with Cost-Effective Magnet Utilization to Suppress Torque Pulsations. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 54, No. 11.