A GENERAL EVALUATION AND NEW ANALYSIS APPROACHES ON SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF STEEL GRAIN STORAGE SILOS

Öz

The importance of grain storage silos is increasing day by day to satisfy the needs of the agricultural industry. In these silos; wheat, barley, oats, corn, rice, and similar basic foodstuffs are stored. Grain storage silos built in seismic regions attract the attention of civil engineering. Critical buckling and explosions may occur in the walls of thin-walled silos, especially under seismic source pressures. This study primarily includes an overview of important seismic analyzes about silos, but also presents new design approaches. Correct seismic analysis of grain storage silos will directly contribute to the prevention of possible damages. Cereals in the silo; Besides their static pressures, they cause different dynamic pressures due to the friction created by the particles among themselves and in the silo wall during seismic motion. When the silo and its contents are exposed to ground acceleration, harsh behavior occurs in the particles and the silo wall. In the analysis made with the finite element method, the movements of the particles due to horizontal and vertical acceleration should be simulated and the stresses and buckling in the silo wall should be observed. There are deficiencies in the finite element analysis in the literature, the intergranular gaps in the silo and the simulation of compression ratios. Grain particles in the silo must be simulated in a realistic way, ie as bulk material. It is proposed as a new approach to use the discrete elements method and the finite elements method to ensure that the simulations and analyzes are rational.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Silo,Seismic Analysis,Discrete Element Method,Finite Element Method

ÇELİK TAHIL DEPOLAMA SİLOLARININ SİSMİK ANALİZİ ÜZERİNE GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME VE YENİ ANALİZ YAKLAŞIMLARI

Öz

Tahıl depolama silolarının önemi tarımsal endüstrinin ihtiyacını karşılamak için her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu silolarda; buğday, arpa, yulaf, mısır, pirinç ve benzeri temel gıda maddeleri depolanmaktadır. Sismik bölgelerde inşa edilen tahıl depolama siloları, inşaat mühendisliğinin ilgisini çekmektedir. Sismik kaynaklı basınçlar altında özellikle ince cidarlı siloların, cidarlarında kritik burkulmalar ve patlamalar meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu çalışma öncelikle silolar hakkında önemli sismik analizlerin genel değerlendirmesini içermekle birlikte, yeni tasarım yaklaşımlarını da sunmaktadır. Tahıl depolama silolarının sismik analizlerinin doğru yapılması, meydana gelebilecek hasarların önlenmesine doğrudan katkı sağlayacaktır. Silo içindeki tahıllar; statik basınçlarının yanı sıra, sismik hareket sırasında taneciklerin kendi aralarında ve silo cidarında oluşturdukları sürtünmelerden dolayı farklı dinamik basınçlara sebep olmaktadırlar. Silo ve içeriği zemin ivmesine maruz kaldığında, partiküllerde ve silo duvarında sert davranışlar meydana gelmektedir. Sonlu elemanlar metodu ile yapılan analizlerde taneciklerin yatay ve dikey ivmelenmeye bağlı hareketlerinin simüle edilerek silo cidarında oluşacak gerilmelerin ve burkulmaların gözlemlenmesi gerekir. Literatürdeki sonlu elemanlar analizlerinde, silo içindeki tanecikler arası boşluklar ve sıkıştırma oranlarının simülasyonunda eksiklikler vardır. Silo içindeki tahıl taneciklerinin gerçeğe uygun bir şeklide, yani parçacıklı dökme malzeme (bulk material) olarak simüle edilmesi gerekir. Simülasyonların ve analizlerin gerçeğe uygunluğunu sağlamak için ayrık elemanlar metodu ile sonlu elemanlar metodunun birlikte kullanılması yeni bir yaklaşım olarak önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Silo,Sismik Analiz,Ayrık Elemanlar Metodu,Sonlu Elemanlar Metodu

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