Araştırma Makalesi
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY OPTIMUM TILT ANGLE AND ORIENTATION WITH MULTI-OBJECTIVE CONSIDERATION

Yıl 2020, , 1031 - 1041, 25.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.745835

Öz

Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy system converts sunlight to electricity and referred as one of promising system for production of a renewable energy resources. Tilt angle and orientation have important effect on PV output. Positioning of PV system using tilt angle and orientation, therefore, according to path of radiation of sunlight is very critical to obtain more efficient energy conversion from PV panels. In this study, determination of optimum tilt angle and orientation studied for a grid-connected hybrid wind-PV-battery system. Firstly, general calculations of PV completed using a numerical method as follow: annual solar radiation (Wh/m2), annual energy production using radiation and temperature (Wh/m2), energy production using radiation, temperature and wind speed (Wh/m2). Secondly, cost of electricity for a grid-connected wind-PV-battery hybrid systems ($/year) depending on solar radiation, weather conditions and electricity market data were obtained using numerical method. It founded that optimum tilt angle varied between 26° - 27° for first three scenario and for the last case is 9°. As for orientation, it changed from south to west for all cases. Moreover, it seems that results of this study might be a reference and preliminary study for scientist and researcher/engineers to simplify designing and evaluating PV system.

Kaynakça

  • Akdemir H., Durusu A., Erduman A., Nakir I., 2018. Effect of energy management of a grid connected PV/battery/load system on the optimal PV placement on a national scale: the case of Turkey, J. Sol. Energ.-T. Asme, 140(2), 1-8.
  • Arikan O., Isen E., Durusu A., Kekezoglu B., Bozkurt A., Erduman A., 2013. Introduction to hybrid systems-Yildiz Technical University, IEEE Eurocon 2013 Conference, 2013, Zagreb-Croatia, 1145-1149, 1-4 July.
  • Asl-Soleimani E., Farhangi S., Zabihi M.S., 2001. The effect of tilt angle, air pollution on performance of photovoltaic systems in Tehran, Renew. Energy, 24, 459-468.
  • Ayaz R., Durusu A., Akca H., 2017. Determination of optimum tilt angle for different photovoltaic technologies considering ambient conditions: a case study for Burdur, Turkey, J. Sol. Energ.-T. Asme, 139(4), 1-6.
  • Bakirci K., 2009. Models of solar radiation with hours of bright sunshine: A review, Renew. Sust. Energy Rev., 13, 2580–2588.
  • Beckman W. and Duffie J., 1980. Solar Engineering of Thermal Proccesses, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  • Benghamen M., 2011. Optimization of tilt angle for solar panel: Case study for Madinah, Saudi Arabia, App. Energy, 88, 1427–1433.
  • Bringer S., Schilke S., Lohse I, Seckmeyer G., 2011. Case study showing that the tilt angle of photovoltaic plants is nearly irrelevant, Sol. Energy, 85, 470-476.
  • Chow T.T., 2003. Performance analysis of photovoltaic-thermal collector by explicit dynamic model, Sol. Energy, 75, 143-152.
  • Durusu A., Erduman A., 2018. An improved methodology to design large-scale photovoltaic power plant, J. Sol. Energ.-T. Asme, 140(1), 1-11.
  • Electricity price variation including all taxes. 2018. http://gazelektrik.com/enerji-piyasalari/elektrik-fiyatlari#uc-zamanli. 15 September 2018.
  • El-Kassaby M.M., 1988. Monthly and daily optimum tilt angle for south facing solar collectors; theoretical model, experimental and empirical correlations, Sol. Wind Tech., 5, 589–596.
  • Elsayed M.M., 1989. Optimum orientation of absorber plates, Sol. Energy, 42, 89-102.
  • Hiraoka S., Fujii T., Takakura H., Hamakawa Y., 2003. Tilt angle dependence of output power in an 80 kWp hybrid PV system installed at Shiga in Japan, Sol. Energy Mat. Sol. C., 75, 781-786.
  • John K., Kosmas K., Dimitrios Z., 2012. Experimental validation of the optimum photovoltaic panels' tilt angle for remote consumers, Renew. Energy, 46, 179-191.
  • Kacira M., Simsek M., Yunus Y., Demirkol S., 2004. Determining optimum tilt angles and orientations of photovoltaic panels in Sanliurfa, Turkey, Renew. Energy, 29(8), 1265-1275.
  • Kaldellis J., Zafirakis D., 2012. Experimental investigation of the optimum tilt photovoltaic panels’ tilt angle during the summer period, Energy, 38, 305-314.
  • Kekezoglu B., Arikan O., Erduman A., Isen E., Durusu A., Bozkurt A., 2013. Reliability analysis of hybrid energy systems: Case study of Davutpasa Campus, IEEE Eurocon 2013 Conference, 2013, Zagreb-Croatia, 1141-1144, 1-4 July.
  • Lewis G., 1987. Optimum tilt of solar collector, Sol. Wind Tech., 4, 407–410.
  • Liu B.H.Y., Jordan R.C., 1963. The longterm average performance of flat plate solar collectors: With design data for the U.S., its outlying possessions and Canada, Sol. Energy, 7(2), 53-74.
  • Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of Turkey, 2019. http://www.enerji.gov.tr/en-US/Mainpage. 15 September 2019.
  • Nakamura H., Yamada T., Sugiura T., Sakuta K., Kurokawa K., 2011. Data analysis on solar irradiance and performance characteristics of solar modules with a test facility of various tilted angles and directions, Sol. Energy Mat. Sol. C., 67, 591-600.
  • Rhodes J.D., Upshaw C.R., Cole W.J., Holcomb C.L., Webber M.E., 2014. A multi-objective assessment of the effect of solar PV array orientation and tilt on energy production and system economics, Sol. Energy, 108, 28–40.
  • Tamizh M.G., Ji L., Tang Y., Petacci L., 2003. Photovoltaic module thermal/wind performance: Long-term monitoring and model development for energy rating, NCPV and Solar Program Review Meeting, Denver-USA, 1-4, 24-26 March.
  • Wada H., Yamamoto F., Ueta K., Yamaguchi T., 2011. Generation characteristic of 100 kW PV system with various tilt angle and direction arrays, Sol. Energy Mat. Sol. C., 95, 382-385.
  • Yadav A.K., Chandel S.S., 2013. Tilt angle optimization to maximize incident solar radiation: A review, Renew. Sust. Energy Rev., 23, 503-513.
  • Zhou W., Henerica T., Xiaohua X., 2015. Demand side management of photovoltaic-battery hybrid system, App. Energy, 148, 294-304.

FARKLI DURUMLAR İÇİN FOTOVOLTAİK PANELLERİN OPTİMUM EĞİM VE AZİMUT AÇILARININ BELİRLENMESİ VE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Yıl 2020, , 1031 - 1041, 25.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.745835

Öz

Fotovoltaik (PV) güneş enerji sistemleri, yenilenebilir enerji sistemleri arasında güneşe en bağımlı kaynaktır ve güneş ışınımı olduğunda enerji üretmektedir. PV sistemlerin tasarım ve analizlerinde en önemli gereksinim maksimum ışınımın PV panel yüzeyine düştüğü eğim ve azimut açısıdır. Bu çalışmada farklı durumlar için PV panellerin optimum eğim ve azimut açılarının hesaplanması için matematiksel bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmadaki analizler ile optimum eğim ve azimut açılarının tespit edilmesinde; (1) eğimli yüzeydeki yıllık toplam ışınım (Wh/m2), (2) ışınım ve sıcaklığı temel alan yıllık enerji üretimi (Wh/m2), (3) ışınım, sıcaklı ve rüzgâr hızını temel alan yıllık enerji üretimi (Wh/m2), ve (4) şebekeye bağlı rüzgâr-PV-batarya-yük sisteminin yıllık toplam elektrik maliyetinin ($/yıl) güneş ışınımı, hava verileri ve elektrik piyasası verileri ile hesaplanması dikkate alınmıştır. Bu çalışmadaki farklı durumlar için sonuçlar değişkenlik göstermektedir. Ayrıca elde edilen sonuçlar geleneksel olarak güneye doğru olan yönlendirme durumu ile farklılık göstermektedir. Optimum eğim açısı ilk üç durum için 26° - 27° civarında iken son durum için 9° olarak elde edilmiştir. Optimum azimut açısı ise tüm durumlar için güneyden batıya doğru kaymıştır. Bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar, PV sistem tasarımı veya analizi yapacak mühendisler için faydalı olacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Akdemir H., Durusu A., Erduman A., Nakir I., 2018. Effect of energy management of a grid connected PV/battery/load system on the optimal PV placement on a national scale: the case of Turkey, J. Sol. Energ.-T. Asme, 140(2), 1-8.
  • Arikan O., Isen E., Durusu A., Kekezoglu B., Bozkurt A., Erduman A., 2013. Introduction to hybrid systems-Yildiz Technical University, IEEE Eurocon 2013 Conference, 2013, Zagreb-Croatia, 1145-1149, 1-4 July.
  • Asl-Soleimani E., Farhangi S., Zabihi M.S., 2001. The effect of tilt angle, air pollution on performance of photovoltaic systems in Tehran, Renew. Energy, 24, 459-468.
  • Ayaz R., Durusu A., Akca H., 2017. Determination of optimum tilt angle for different photovoltaic technologies considering ambient conditions: a case study for Burdur, Turkey, J. Sol. Energ.-T. Asme, 139(4), 1-6.
  • Bakirci K., 2009. Models of solar radiation with hours of bright sunshine: A review, Renew. Sust. Energy Rev., 13, 2580–2588.
  • Beckman W. and Duffie J., 1980. Solar Engineering of Thermal Proccesses, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  • Benghamen M., 2011. Optimization of tilt angle for solar panel: Case study for Madinah, Saudi Arabia, App. Energy, 88, 1427–1433.
  • Bringer S., Schilke S., Lohse I, Seckmeyer G., 2011. Case study showing that the tilt angle of photovoltaic plants is nearly irrelevant, Sol. Energy, 85, 470-476.
  • Chow T.T., 2003. Performance analysis of photovoltaic-thermal collector by explicit dynamic model, Sol. Energy, 75, 143-152.
  • Durusu A., Erduman A., 2018. An improved methodology to design large-scale photovoltaic power plant, J. Sol. Energ.-T. Asme, 140(1), 1-11.
  • Electricity price variation including all taxes. 2018. http://gazelektrik.com/enerji-piyasalari/elektrik-fiyatlari#uc-zamanli. 15 September 2018.
  • El-Kassaby M.M., 1988. Monthly and daily optimum tilt angle for south facing solar collectors; theoretical model, experimental and empirical correlations, Sol. Wind Tech., 5, 589–596.
  • Elsayed M.M., 1989. Optimum orientation of absorber plates, Sol. Energy, 42, 89-102.
  • Hiraoka S., Fujii T., Takakura H., Hamakawa Y., 2003. Tilt angle dependence of output power in an 80 kWp hybrid PV system installed at Shiga in Japan, Sol. Energy Mat. Sol. C., 75, 781-786.
  • John K., Kosmas K., Dimitrios Z., 2012. Experimental validation of the optimum photovoltaic panels' tilt angle for remote consumers, Renew. Energy, 46, 179-191.
  • Kacira M., Simsek M., Yunus Y., Demirkol S., 2004. Determining optimum tilt angles and orientations of photovoltaic panels in Sanliurfa, Turkey, Renew. Energy, 29(8), 1265-1275.
  • Kaldellis J., Zafirakis D., 2012. Experimental investigation of the optimum tilt photovoltaic panels’ tilt angle during the summer period, Energy, 38, 305-314.
  • Kekezoglu B., Arikan O., Erduman A., Isen E., Durusu A., Bozkurt A., 2013. Reliability analysis of hybrid energy systems: Case study of Davutpasa Campus, IEEE Eurocon 2013 Conference, 2013, Zagreb-Croatia, 1141-1144, 1-4 July.
  • Lewis G., 1987. Optimum tilt of solar collector, Sol. Wind Tech., 4, 407–410.
  • Liu B.H.Y., Jordan R.C., 1963. The longterm average performance of flat plate solar collectors: With design data for the U.S., its outlying possessions and Canada, Sol. Energy, 7(2), 53-74.
  • Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of Turkey, 2019. http://www.enerji.gov.tr/en-US/Mainpage. 15 September 2019.
  • Nakamura H., Yamada T., Sugiura T., Sakuta K., Kurokawa K., 2011. Data analysis on solar irradiance and performance characteristics of solar modules with a test facility of various tilted angles and directions, Sol. Energy Mat. Sol. C., 67, 591-600.
  • Rhodes J.D., Upshaw C.R., Cole W.J., Holcomb C.L., Webber M.E., 2014. A multi-objective assessment of the effect of solar PV array orientation and tilt on energy production and system economics, Sol. Energy, 108, 28–40.
  • Tamizh M.G., Ji L., Tang Y., Petacci L., 2003. Photovoltaic module thermal/wind performance: Long-term monitoring and model development for energy rating, NCPV and Solar Program Review Meeting, Denver-USA, 1-4, 24-26 March.
  • Wada H., Yamamoto F., Ueta K., Yamaguchi T., 2011. Generation characteristic of 100 kW PV system with various tilt angle and direction arrays, Sol. Energy Mat. Sol. C., 95, 382-385.
  • Yadav A.K., Chandel S.S., 2013. Tilt angle optimization to maximize incident solar radiation: A review, Renew. Sust. Energy Rev., 23, 503-513.
  • Zhou W., Henerica T., Xiaohua X., 2015. Demand side management of photovoltaic-battery hybrid system, App. Energy, 148, 294-304.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Elektrik Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri \ Research Articles
Yazarlar

Ali Durusu 0000-0002-8749-4570

Ali Erduman 0000-0003-4116-3159

Fikret Yıldız 0000-0002-8749-4570

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2020
Kabul Tarihi 12 Kasım 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Durusu, A., Erduman, A., & Yıldız, F. (2020). COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY OPTIMUM TILT ANGLE AND ORIENTATION WITH MULTI-OBJECTIVE CONSIDERATION. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 8(4), 1031-1041. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.745835