ANALYSIS OF COMMONLY USED IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY DATA HIDING TECHNIQUES IN SPATIAL DOMAIN

Öz

Steganography is one of the methods used to ensure data security in digital data transmission. The aim of the steganography technique is to transmit data securely over the unsecured transmission channel. The extensive use of social media and its ease of application make image steganography, a branch of digital steganography, popular. In this article, the examination of Least Significance Bit, Pixel Value Difference, Using the Change Direction and Using Generalized Change Direction techniques commonly used in image steganography and application methods with examples are explained. The results were interpreted by calculating the Load Capacity, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio, and Structural Similarity Indexes of these methods. The aim of our study is to determine the superior and weak aspects of these methods compared to each other according to the data obtained, and to make recommendations regarding the selection of the method suitable for the purpose. In particular, LSB-3 bit method is a high-capacity but insecure method, while PVD, EMD and GEMD data hiding techniques are low-capacity but security and undetectable methods by third parties.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Information Security
• Image Steganography
• GEMD
• PVD
• Data Hiding

GÖRÜNTÜ STEGANOGRAFİSİNDE YAYGIN KULLANILAN VERİ GİZLEME TEKNİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Sayısal veri iletiminde, veri güvenliğinin sağlanması için kullanılan yöntemlerden biri Steganografidir. Steganografinin amacı, verileri güvenli olmayan iletim kanalı üzerinden güvenli bir şekilde alıcıya iletmektir. Sayısal steganografinin bir alt dalı olan görüntü Steganografisi, özellikle veri gizleme kapasitesinin yüksekliği sebebiyle daha yaygın kullanılmaktadır. Makalede, uzaysal etki alanında yaygın kullanılan görüntü steganografisi tekniklerinden En Düşük Anlamlı Bit, Piksel Değeri Farkı, Değişim Yönünü Kullanma ve Genelleştirilmiş Değişim Yönünü Kullanma algoritmaları incelenmiştir. Bu yöntemler, bilgi taşıma kapasitesi, Tepe Sinyal Gürültü Oranı, Yapısal Benzerlik Endeksi gibi görüntü kalitesini ölçmek için kullanılan parametrelerin yanı sıra, histogram ve RS analizi ataklarına karşı dayanıklılık testleri incelenmiştir. Makale kapsamında gerçekleştirilen deneysel çalışmalara göre, kullanılan bu yöntemlerin birbirlerine göre üstün ve zayıf yönleri ortaya konularak, kullanım amacına göre uygun yöntem seçimiyle ilgili tavsiyelerde bulunulmaktadır. Özellikle yüksek kapasite gerektiren ve algılanamazlığın önemsenmediği durumlarda LSB-3 bit yöntemi, güvenliğin ve algılanamazlığın ön plana çıktığı daha düşük kapasitede veri gizleme işlemlerinde PVD, EMD ve GEMD yöntemlerinin kullanılması uygundur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilgi Güvenliği
• Görüntü Steganografisi
• GEMD
• PVD
• Veri Gizleme

Kaynakça

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