4D PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATION AREAS IN TEXTILES

Öz

3D printing technology is a technology used to make static structures from digital data of an object designed in three-dimensional coordinates in a virtual environment. 4D printing technology, on the other hand, is defined as the additive manufacturing process that creates a physical object that responds to different external stimuli and an internal stimulus and results in time or size change, physical or chemical change or shape change. 4D printing applications are used in various fields such as organ and tissue engineering, biomedical devices, safety, the production of sensitive surfaces for optics, smart valves, electronic devices, structures with multi-directional properties and soft actuators, electromechanical valves, and smart clothes. Based on the definition of 4D structures, the term 4D textiles can be defined as textiles that change shape and function over time. 4D textiles will gain extra features due to the nature of the textile materials used when compared to structures produced using conventional materials. In addition, they save material and time and increase employee comfort when compared to conventional textile production methods. It is also another advantage that they can be used for energy storage and power transfer purposes. In this study, 4D printing technologies, materials used, production methods are explained, and examples of textile structures produced using 4D printing technologies are given.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• 4D Printing
• 4D Textiles
• Smart Textiles
• Shape Memory Materials

4D BASKI TEKNOLOJİLERİ VE TEKSTİLDE KULLANIM ALANLARI

Öz

3D baskı teknolojisi, sanal ortamda üç boyutlu koordinatlarda tasarlanmış bir nesneye ait dijital verilerden statik yapılar yapmak için kullanılan bir teknolojidir. 4D baskı teknolojisi ise farklı dış uyaranlar ve bir iç uyarana cevap veren ve zaman veya boyut değişimi, fiziksel veya kimyasal değişim ya da şekil değişikliği ile sonuçlanan fiziksel bir nesne oluşturan katmanlı üretim süreci olarak tanımlanmıştır. 4D baskı uygulamaları organ ve doku mühendisliği, biyomedikal cihazlar, güvenlik, optik için hassas desenli yüzeylerin üretimi, akıllı vanalar, elektronik cihazlar, çok-yönlü özelliklere sahip yapılar ve yumuşak aktüatörler, elektromekanik valfler ve akıllı giysiler gibi çeşitli alanlarda kullanılmaktadır. 4D yapıların tanımına dayanarak, 4D tekstiller terimi zamanla şekil ve fonksiyon değiştiren tekstiller olarak tanımlanabilir. 4D tekstiller, konvansiyonel malzemeler kullanılarak üretilen yapılarla kıyaslandığında kullanılan tekstil malzemelerinin doğası gereği doğrudan ekstra özellikler kazanmış olacaklardır. Ek olarak, konvansiyonel tekstil üretim yöntemleri ile kıyaslandığında malzeme ve zaman tasarrufu sağlamakta ve çalışan konforunu artırmaktadırlar. Aynı zamanda, enerji depolama ve güç aktarımı amacıyla kullanılabilmeleri de bir diğer avantajlarıdır. Bu çalışmada, 4D baskı teknolojileri, kullanılan malzemeler, üretim yöntemleri hakkında bilgi ve 4D baskı teknolojileri kullanılarak üretilen tekstil yapıları ile ilgili örnekler verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• 4D Baskı
• 4D Tekstiller
• Akıllı Tekstiller
• Şekil Hafızalı Malzemeler

Kaynakça

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