Öz
Kentsel Yeşil
Alanların varlığı, kentlerde refah ve yaşam kalitesinin en önemli unsurlarından
biri olarak kabul edilir. Kentsel Yeşil Alanlar, kent sakinleri için fiziksel
aktivite, psikolojik rahatlama sağlar ve genel halk sağlığına katkıda bulunur. Kentsel
Yeşil Alanlar oluşturmak, yoğun kentleşmeden dolayı etrafındaki flora ve
faunadan izole olmuş kentlerin ekolojik çevreyi tekrar içine dahil etmesi
çabasını da içerir, bu şekilde , kentlerin ekolojik işleyişi ve bütünlüğü
desteklenmektedir.Kentsel Yeşil Alanlarındiğer yararları ise, hava kirliliği,
kentsel ısı adası etkisi, gürültü ve su drenajı gibi olumsuz çevresel
koşulların hafifletmesidir. Kentsel Yeşil Alanlar, boyutları, hangi mesafede
oldukları, bitki örtüsü, tür zenginliği, çevre kalitesi, içerdikleri tesisler
ve sunulan hizmetler bakımından çeşitlilik gösterir ve çok işlevlidir. Bununla
birlikte, çoğu kentsel alanda, özellikle şehir içi ve ve plansız gelişen
bölgelerde yeşil alanlar yetersizdir.
Bu çalışmada, İzmit kentinin uzun yıllardır yoğun
biçimde kentleşmeye maruz kalmış kent yeşil alanları incelenmektedir. Kentsel Yeşil Alanlar, mekansal
dağılım desenleripa, boyutları, işlevsellik ve erişilebilirlik özelliklerine göre
Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) kullanarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular,
İzmit kentinde yeşil alanların dağılımının yetersiz olduğu ve dengesiz bir
dağılım gösterdiğini ortaya koymakta ki bu da aynı zamanda bir çevresel adalet
konusu olarak da görülmektedir. Çlışmanın sonucu olarak kentteki yeşil alan
açısından yetersiz bölgelerve erişebilirlik açısından zayıf bölgeler
haritalanmıştır. Bu sonuçlar, kentsel
yeşil alan deseninin özelliklerini kentteki karar vericilere sunarak, şehirde
kent, mahalle ve komşuluk ölçeklerindeki kentsel yeşil alanların düzenlenmesi
için yön göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kentsel Yeşil Alanlar Şehir Planlama Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS)
Kaynakça
- Barton, J., and Pretty, J. (2010). What is the best dose of nature and green exercise for improving mental health? A multi-study analysis. Environmental Science and Technology, 44(10), 3947–3955
- Brambilla M., Michelangeli A., Peluso E. (2013). “Equity in the City: On Measuring Urban (Ine) quality of Life”, Urban Studies, 50;(16), 3205-3224.
- Clarke B. M., Clarke, M. G. P. (2005). GIS for business and service planning. In Geographical Information Systems: Principles Techniques Management and Applications, 2 Abridged edition. Edited by Longley PA, Goodchild MF, Maguire DJ, Rhind DW. New York: John Wiley & Sons
- de David A. C., Esteves C., Nunes T., Dini P., Manfio E. (2006). Walking and running spatio temporal variables in children from three to six year old http://health.uottawa.ca/biomech/csb/Archives/csb2006.pdf
- Ernstson, H. (2012). The social production of ecosystem services: A framework for studying environmental justice and ecological complexity in urbanized land-scapes. Landscape and Urban Planning, 109(1), 7–17.
- Escobedo, F. J., Kroeger, T., & Wagner, J. E. (2011). Urban forests and pollution mitigation: Analyzing ecosystem services and disservices. Environmental Pollution,159(8), 2078–2087.
- Geurs, K.T., Van Wee, B. (2004). Accessibility Evaluation of Land Use and Transport Strategies: Review and Research Directions, Journal of Transport Geography, (12), 127 -140.
- Jennings, V., Gaither, C. J., Gragg, R. S. (2012). Promoting Environmental Justice Through Urban Green Space Access: A Synopsis. Environmental Justice, 5(1), 1-7.
- Nowak, D. J., Crane, D. E., Stevens, J. C. (2006). Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 4, 115–123.
Öz
Availability of urban
green space is acknowledged as one of the most important elements of well-being
and quality of life in cities. Green space provides physical activity,
psychological well-being, and the general public health for urban residents.
Forming up green spaces in a city is an effort to embrace ecological
environment and taking it into cities that have been isolated from surrounding
flora and fauna due to excess urbanization, therefore, supports the ecological
functioning and integrity of cities. Further benefits are the moderation of
adverse environmental conditions such as air pollution, urban heat island
effect, noise, and water run-off. Urban green space is diverse and
multifunctional such that it varies in size, proximity, vegetation cover, species
richness, environmental quality, facilities, and offered services. However, in
most urban areas, and particularly in inner-city and areas that lack a former
plan, green spaces are in insufficient supply.
In this study, we explore the urban
green spaces of İzmit city that has been subject to excess urbanization for
decades. Urban green spaces in this study are analyzed for their distribution
pattern and by their properties namely; size, functionality, and accessibility
using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Our research reveals that
distribution of urban green spaces is scarce and disproportionate which is also
recognized as an environmental justice issue. Outcomes revealing regions of the
city that are in insufficient supply of green space are portrayed as map
layouts. Outcomes of the study can communicate status of urban green spaces to
the decision makers for the moderation of the green space in the city, at the
urban, district and neighborhood scales.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Urban Green Spaces Urban Planning Geographical Information System (GIS)
Kaynakça
- Barton, J., and Pretty, J. (2010). What is the best dose of nature and green exercise for improving mental health? A multi-study analysis. Environmental Science and Technology, 44(10), 3947–3955
- Brambilla M., Michelangeli A., Peluso E. (2013). “Equity in the City: On Measuring Urban (Ine) quality of Life”, Urban Studies, 50;(16), 3205-3224.
- Clarke B. M., Clarke, M. G. P. (2005). GIS for business and service planning. In Geographical Information Systems: Principles Techniques Management and Applications, 2 Abridged edition. Edited by Longley PA, Goodchild MF, Maguire DJ, Rhind DW. New York: John Wiley & Sons
- de David A. C., Esteves C., Nunes T., Dini P., Manfio E. (2006). Walking and running spatio temporal variables in children from three to six year old http://health.uottawa.ca/biomech/csb/Archives/csb2006.pdf
- Ernstson, H. (2012). The social production of ecosystem services: A framework for studying environmental justice and ecological complexity in urbanized land-scapes. Landscape and Urban Planning, 109(1), 7–17.
- Escobedo, F. J., Kroeger, T., & Wagner, J. E. (2011). Urban forests and pollution mitigation: Analyzing ecosystem services and disservices. Environmental Pollution,159(8), 2078–2087.
- Geurs, K.T., Van Wee, B. (2004). Accessibility Evaluation of Land Use and Transport Strategies: Review and Research Directions, Journal of Transport Geography, (12), 127 -140.
- Jennings, V., Gaither, C. J., Gragg, R. S. (2012). Promoting Environmental Justice Through Urban Green Space Access: A Synopsis. Environmental Justice, 5(1), 1-7.
- Nowak, D. J., Crane, D. E., Stevens, J. C. (2006). Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 4, 115–123.
Ayrıntılar
| Konular | Mühendislik |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri \ Research Articles |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 27 Ağustos 2017 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 21 Şubat 2017 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 11 Ağustos 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2 |