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ORTALAMA HIZ TESPİT SİSTEMİ VE YOL GÜVENLİĞİ ETKİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR LİTERATÜR TARAMASI

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 457 - 472, 16.10.2017
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.312057

Öz

Ortalama hız tespit sistemi, başta Avrupa ve Avustralya olmak üzere
dünya çapında popülerlik kazanan yeni bir akıllı ulaştırma sistemi
uygulamasıdır, son yıllarda Türkiye’de de uygulanmaktadır. Sistemin temel
görevi, hız kontrolü ve trafik yaptırımı amacıyla motorlu araçların ortalama
hızlarını ölçmektir. Bu makalede ortalama hız tespit sistemi ile ilgili
uluslararası ölçekte bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Sistemin kapsamlı bir
özeti sunulmakla birlikte kullanım kapsamı; teknik, işletimsel ve yasal
özellikler farklı yetki alanlarıyla bağlantılı hız yönetimi sorunlarına göre
açıklanmaktadır. Ayrıca bu teknolojinin etkililiğini ve verimliliğini ölçen
çalışmalar “araç hızları, kaza oranları, ekonomik ve pratik uygulanabilirlik,
trafik akışı, araç emisyonları, anlık hız kameraları ile etki karşılaştırması
ve ceza uygulamaları” kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, hız sınırlarına
yüksek uygunluk oranları, ortalama ve 85 yüzdeli hızlarda düşüş ve araçlar
arasındaki hız değişkenliğinde düşüş ve trafik akışını iyileştirmeyi içeren yol
emniyeti yararı sağlayan sonuçlar ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına
göre özellikle ölümcül ve ağır yaralanmalı kaza oranlarında düşüşler
bildirilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu uygulamanın yakıt tüketimi ve araç emisyonunu
azaltması konusunda yan faydalar sağladığı da ortaya konmuştur. Bir dizi sürücü
anketi çalışması, uygulama hakkında yüksek seviyede sürücü kabulünün olduğunu
ortaya koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Aarts, L., Van Schagen, I., 2006. Driving Speed and The Risk of Road Crashes: A Review. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 38(2), 215–224.
  • Antiradar-shome.ru, 2016. Police radar Binar. Erişim Tarihi: 23.05.2016. http://www.antiradar-shome.ru/radary-i-kamery-gibdd/radar-binar
  • Australian Transport Council, 2011. National Road Safety Strategy 2011–2020. Australian Transport Council, Canberra, ACT: ATC.
  • Bates, L., Allen, S., Watson, B., 2016. The İnfluence of The Elements of Procedural Justice and Speed Camera Enforcement on Young Novice Driver Self-Reported Speeding. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 92, 34-42.
  • Bigmir, 2011. Speed camera earned $ 5 million in two months. http://auto.bigmir.net/autonews/autow orld/1512032-Spid-kamera-zarabotala--5-million ov-za-dva-mesjaca
  • Cameron M., Delaney A., Diamantopoulou K, 2003. Scientific Basis for the Strategic Directions of the Safety Camera Program in Victoria. Melbourne: Monash University Accident Research Centre Reports, 202, 78.
  • Cascetta, E., Punzo, V., 2011. Impact on Vehicle Speeds and Pollutant Emissions of an Automated Section Speed Enforcement System on the Naples Urban Motorway. In TRB 2011 Annual Meeting, 17.
  • Cascetta, E., Punzo, V., Montanino, M., 2011. Empirical Evidence of Speed Management Effects on Traffic Flow at Freeway Bottleneck, In TRB 2011 Annual Meeting.
  • Charlesworth, K., 2008. The Effect of Average Speed Enforcement on Driver Behaviour. In Road Transport Information and Control ‐ RTIC 2008 and ITS United Kingdom Members' Conference, Manchester.
  • Collins, G., 2007a. Smarter Than the Average. ITS International, 48-49.
  • Collins, G., 2007b. Traffic Flow İmprovements with Average Speed Enforcement, In International Conference on Intelligent Transport Systems, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
  • Collins, G., McConnell, D., 2008. Speed Harmonisation with Average Speed Enforcement. Traffic Engineering and Control 49(1), 6–9.
  • Collins, G., 2010. A14 Route Enforcement Scheme: A Case Study in Effective Average Speed Control. Speed Check Services, London.
  • De Pauw, E., Daniels, S., Brijs, T, Hermans, E., Wets, G. 2014. Automated Section Speed Control on Motorways: An Evaluation of the Effect on Driving Speed, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 73, 313–322. Economistax, 2013. Transit in Brazil: are speed cameras effective in avoiding traffic accidents? http://www.economistax.com/o-transito-no-brasil-os-radares-develocidade-sao-eficazes-para-evitar-cidentes-de-transito/
  • Elvik, R., 2011. Analytic Choices in Road Safety Evaluation: Exploring Second-Best Approaches. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 45, 173-179.
  • Fleiter, J., Lennon, A., Watson, B., 2010. How Do Other People İnfluence Your Driving Speed? Exploring the ‘Who’ and the ‘How’ of Social İnfluences on Speeding from a Qualitative Perspective. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 13(1), 49–62.
  • Fleiter, J., Lewis, I.M., Watson, B.C., 2013. Promoting a More Positive Traffic Safety Culture in Australia : Lessons Learnt and Future Directions. Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety Conference, 6-8 Kasım 2013, South Australia, 25(1), 27.
  • Freeman, J.E., Watson, B., 2006. An Application of Stafford and Warr’s Reconceptualization of Deterrence to a Group of Recidivist Drink Drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention 38(3), 462-471.
  • Gains, A., Nordstrom, M., Heydecker, B., Shrewsbury, J., Mountain, L., Maher, M., 2005. The National Safety Camera Programme: Four-Year Evaluation Report. PA Consulting Group, London.
  • Garcia-Castro, A., Monzon, A., 2014. Using Floating Car Data to Analyse the effects of ITS Measures and Eco-Driving. Sensors, 14(11), 21358-21374.
  • Garibotto, G.B., Castello, P., Del Ninno, E., Borghero, G., Pedrazzi, P., Zan, G., 2003. Auto-Detector: High-Performance Mobile License Plate Recognition System. In the 10th World Congress and Exhibition on Intelligent Transport Systems and Services, Madrid, Spain.
  • Getsurrey, 2016. A316 average speed check: Everything you need to know about the new cameras. Erişim Tarihi: 09.06.2016. http://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/a316-average-speed-check-everything-11442721
  • Gil, MJM., Malenstein, UPMJ, 2007. Innovative Technology for Monitoring Traffic,Vehicles and Drivers, Police Enforcement Policy and Programmes on European Roads.
  • Gundem Kibris, 2013. 2 Hız Tespit Kamerası Devreye Giriyor. http://www.gundemkibris.com/2-hiz-tespit-kamerasi-devreye-giriyor-63252h.htm
  • Grunnan, T., Vaa, T., Ulleberg, P., Malenstein, J., Zaidel, D., Kauvo, K., 2008. Implications of Innovative Technology for the Key Areas in Traffic Safety: Speed, Drink Driving and Restraint Systems, Police Enforcement Policy and Programmes on European Roads, Europe.
  • Highways Agency, Atkins Consultants, 2009. A14 Huntingdon to Cambridge Safety Cameras. LNMS Evaluation Report, Highway Agency, London.
  • Høye, A., 2014. Speed Cameras, Section Control, And Kangaroo Jumps – A Meta-Analysis. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 73, 200-208.
  • Kallberg, V. P., Zaidel, D., Vaa, T., Malenstein, J., Siren, A., Gaitanidou, E., 2008. Police Enforcement Policy and Programmes on European Roads, Final Report.
  • Kapsch, 2010. Section Speed Enforcement: for road safety. https://www.kapsch.net/ktc/downloads/brochures/Kapsch-KTC-DS-Section_Speed_Enforcement-EN-WEB?lang=en-US
  • Keenan, D., 2002. Speed Cameras: the True Effect on Behaviour. Traffic Engineering and Control, 43, 154-160.
  • Kloeden, C.N., McLean, A.J., Glonek, G., 2002. Reanalysis of Travelling Speed and the Risk of Crash Involvement in Adelaide South Australia. Department of Transport and Regional Services, Australian Transport Safety Bureau, Canberra.
  • Koprulu, S., 2015. TEDES. http://www.yenimeram.com.tr/tedes-kesti-mahkeme-iptal-etti-159427.htm
  • Korthof, E.W., 2014. Effects of Section Control on Traffic Safety at Dutch Motorways. Delft University of Technology, Master Thesis, 202, Delft.
  • Koy, T., Benz, S., 2009. Automatic Time-Over-Distance Speed Checks İmpacts on Driving Behaviour and Traffic Safety. In the 6th ITS World Congress and Exhibition on Intelligent Transport Systems and Services, Stockholm.
  • KTK, 2013. Karayolları Trafik Kanunu’nun 2918 Sayılı Kanun EK 16 Maddesi Kapsamında Trafik Hizmetlerinde Kullanılacak Teknik Teçhizatlar İçin Genel Yeterlilik Esasları. https://www.trafik.gov.tr/SiteAssets/Trafik%20Kitapl%C4%B1k/Mevzuat/KTK_Ek16_UsulEsaslar.pdf
  • Kursius, A., King, T., Russo, L., 2003. The Benefits of a Digital Platform for Enforcement and Compliance, In the 10th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems and Services, Madrid, Spain.
  • Lynch, M., 2010. Forward Design Study: Introduction of Point to Point Speed Cameras in the ACT. AECOM Australia, Canberra.
  • Lynch, M., White, M., ve Napier, R., 2011. Investigation into the Use of Point-to-Point Speed Cameras: NZ Transport Agency Research Report 465.
  • Malenstein, J., 1997. Automated Video Speed Enforcement and Trajectory Control Combined With Fully Automated Processing. Dutch National Police Agency, Traffic and Transport Division, Driebergen, Netherlands.
  • Montella, A., Punzo, V., Montanino, M., 2012a. Analysis of Drivers’ Compliance to Speed Limits Enforced with an Automated Section Speed Enforcement System. In Transportation Research Board 91st Annual Meeting.
  • Montella, A., Persaud, B., D'Apuzzo, M., Imbriani, L.L., 2012b. Safety evaluation of an automated section speed enforcement system. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2281, 16-25.
  • Montella, A., Punzo, V., Chiaradonna, S., Mauriello, F., Montanino, M., 2015. Point-to-Point Speed Enforcement System: Speed Limits Design Criteria and Analysis of Drivers’ Compliance. Transport. Res. Part C 53, 1–18.
  • Nilsson, G., 2004. Traffic Safety Dimensions and the Power Model to Describe the Effect of Speed on Safety. Bulletin 221. Lund Institute of Technology, Lund.
  • Orozova-Bekkevold, I., Martinez, M., Akkermans, L., 2007. Needs and Objectives of the EC Regarding TLE Data in the Light of Data Availability and the Technical Aspects of Data Collection and Exchange. http://www.vtt.fi/files/sites/pepper/pepper_w12_wp2.pdf
  • Ornek, M.N., Lorasokkay, M.A., Çevik, İ., Özek, T., 2013. Trafikte Kullanılan Bazı Elektronik Denetleme Sistemleri ve Koridor Hız Tespit Sistemi Uygulamasında (TEDES) Konya Örneği. 4. Karayolu Trafik Güvenliği Sempozyumu ve Sergisi, Ankara.
  • Parliamentary Travelsafe Committee, 2008. Report on the Inquiry into Automatic Number Plate Recognition Technology. Report No. 51. Brisbane: Parliamentary Travelsafe Committee.
  • Ragnøy, A., 2013. Automatic Section Speed Control in Tunnels. http://www.vegvesen.no/_attachment/542877/binary/873496fast_title=Automatic+Section+ Speed+Control+in+Tunnels.pdf
  • Redflex Traffic Systems., 2007. Redflex Point-to-Point Technical Overview: European Factsheet.
  • Roberts, CA., Brown-Esplain, J., 2005. Technical Evaluation of Photo Speed Enforcement for Freeways, Arizona. Rapor No: 596, 109p.
  • Roads and Traffic Authority, 2000. Speed Problem Definition and Countermeasure Summary. New South Wales: Roads and Traffic Authority 44p.
  • Schwab, N., 2006. For a Better Safety and Traffic Flow Optimisation During Peak Periods: Speed Control Experimentation on the A7 Motorway. In 12th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, 06-10 November, France.
  • Simcic, G, 2009. Section Control: Towards a More Efficient and Better Accepted Enforcement of Speed Limits? http://archive.etsc.eu/documents/ Speed%20Fact%20Sheet%205.pdf
  • Soole D., Watson B., Fleiter J., 2010. Inquiry into the Road Safety Benefits of Fixed Speed Cameras, Submission in Response to the Economic Development Committee’s, 44p.
  • Soole, D., Fleiter, J., Watson, B., 2012. Point-to-Point Speed Enforcement. Report No: AP-R415-12. 165p.
  • Soole, DW., Watson, BC., Fleiter JJ., 2013a. Effects of Average Speed Enforcement on Speed Compliance and Crashes: A review of the Literature, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 54, 46-56.
  • Soole, DW., Fleiter, Judy J., Watson, Barry C., 2013b. Point-to-Point Speed Enforcement: Recommendations for Better Practice. Australasian Road Safety Research Policing and Education Conference, 28-30 August, Brisbane.
  • Southwestbusiness, 2015. Mobile speed cameras in Cheltenham catch 260 drivers in single month. http://www.southwestbusiness.co.uk/news/050 52015081440-mobile-speed-cameras-in-cheltenham-catch-260-driv ers-in-single-month/
  • Speed Check Service, 2007. Temporary Roadworks Speed Enforcement - M6. http://www.speedcheck.co.uk/pdf/M6%20TASCAR%20case%20study.pdf
  • Speed Check Services, 2008. M1 6a-10 Motorway Widening Scheme. London: Speed Check Services.
  • Speed Check Services, 2009a. SPECS Safety Cameras-M4 10-12 Technology Upgrade. http://www.speedcheck.co.uk/images/M4_Case_Study.pdf
  • Speed Check Services,2009b. SPECS: Results. http://www.speedcheck.co.uk/specs.htm
  • Stefan, C., 2005. Automatic Speed Enforcement on the A13 Motorway (NL): Rosebud WP4 – Case B Report. Austrian Road Safety Board (KfV), Austria.
  • Stoelhorst, H., 2008. Reduced Speed Limits for Local Air Quality and Traffic Efficiency. In the 7th European Congress and Exhibition on Intelligent Transport Systems and Services, 3-6 June 2008 Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Taylor, M. C., Lynam, D. A., Baruya, A., 2000. The Effects of Drivers’ Speed on the Frequency of Road Accidents. TRL Report No:421.
  • Tedesceza, 2016. 2016 Tedes Cezası Ne Kadar? http://tedesceza.com/tedes-cezasi/
  • Thornton, T., 2010. Reductions in Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions with Specs Average Speed Enforcement, The Road Transport Information and Control Conference and the ITS United Kingdom Members’ Conference – Better Transport Through Technology, London.
  • Vadeby, A., Forsman A., 2014. Speed Distribution And Traffic Safety Measures, Transport Research Arena (TRA), 14-17 April 2014, Paris.
  • Walker, E., Murdoch, C., Bryant, P., Barnes, B., Johnson, B., 2009. Quantitative Study of Attitudes, Motivations and Beliefs Related to Speeding and Speed Enforcement, The Australasian Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference, 10 -13 November 2009 Sydney.
  • Wiggins, A., 2006. ANPR Technology and Applications in ITS. The 22nd ARRB Conference, 29 October -10 November 2006, Australia.
  • Young, K.L., Regan, M. A., 2007. Intelligent Transport Systems to Support Police Enforcement of Road Safety Laws. ATSB Research and Analysis Report No: 2007-02, 62p.

AN OVERVIEW ON AVERAGE SPEED ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM AND ROAD SAFETY EFFECTS

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 457 - 472, 16.10.2017
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.312057

Öz





















Average
speed enforcement system is a new intelligent transportation system application
that has gained popularity all over the world following Europe and Australia
which is recently being applied in Turkey as well. The main task of the system
is measuring the average speeds of motorized vehicles for the purpose of
traffic sanctions. A literature survey related with average speed enforcement
system was carried out in this study at an international scale. In addition to
providing a comprehensive summary of the system, its scope of use was explained
with regard to speed enforcement issues in connection with technical,
operational and legal attributes. In addition, studies measuring the
effectiveness and efficiency of this technology were evaluated within the scope
of “vehicle speeds, accident ratios, economic and practical applicability,
traffic flow, vehicle emissions, effect comparison with spot speed cameras and
enforcement sanctions”. The results put forth high ratios for obeying speed
limits, decrease in average and 85 percentile speeds along with decrease in
speed variance between the vehicles in addition to various other results that
are beneficial for road safety benefits. Study results indicate decreases
especially in mortal and severe injury accident ratios. In addition, it was
also reported that this application provides auxiliary benefits with regard to
fuel consumption and vehicle emissions. A series of surveys carried out on
drivers sets forth a high driver acceptance regarding the application. 

Kaynakça

  • Aarts, L., Van Schagen, I., 2006. Driving Speed and The Risk of Road Crashes: A Review. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 38(2), 215–224.
  • Antiradar-shome.ru, 2016. Police radar Binar. Erişim Tarihi: 23.05.2016. http://www.antiradar-shome.ru/radary-i-kamery-gibdd/radar-binar
  • Australian Transport Council, 2011. National Road Safety Strategy 2011–2020. Australian Transport Council, Canberra, ACT: ATC.
  • Bates, L., Allen, S., Watson, B., 2016. The İnfluence of The Elements of Procedural Justice and Speed Camera Enforcement on Young Novice Driver Self-Reported Speeding. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 92, 34-42.
  • Bigmir, 2011. Speed camera earned $ 5 million in two months. http://auto.bigmir.net/autonews/autow orld/1512032-Spid-kamera-zarabotala--5-million ov-za-dva-mesjaca
  • Cameron M., Delaney A., Diamantopoulou K, 2003. Scientific Basis for the Strategic Directions of the Safety Camera Program in Victoria. Melbourne: Monash University Accident Research Centre Reports, 202, 78.
  • Cascetta, E., Punzo, V., 2011. Impact on Vehicle Speeds and Pollutant Emissions of an Automated Section Speed Enforcement System on the Naples Urban Motorway. In TRB 2011 Annual Meeting, 17.
  • Cascetta, E., Punzo, V., Montanino, M., 2011. Empirical Evidence of Speed Management Effects on Traffic Flow at Freeway Bottleneck, In TRB 2011 Annual Meeting.
  • Charlesworth, K., 2008. The Effect of Average Speed Enforcement on Driver Behaviour. In Road Transport Information and Control ‐ RTIC 2008 and ITS United Kingdom Members' Conference, Manchester.
  • Collins, G., 2007a. Smarter Than the Average. ITS International, 48-49.
  • Collins, G., 2007b. Traffic Flow İmprovements with Average Speed Enforcement, In International Conference on Intelligent Transport Systems, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
  • Collins, G., McConnell, D., 2008. Speed Harmonisation with Average Speed Enforcement. Traffic Engineering and Control 49(1), 6–9.
  • Collins, G., 2010. A14 Route Enforcement Scheme: A Case Study in Effective Average Speed Control. Speed Check Services, London.
  • De Pauw, E., Daniels, S., Brijs, T, Hermans, E., Wets, G. 2014. Automated Section Speed Control on Motorways: An Evaluation of the Effect on Driving Speed, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 73, 313–322. Economistax, 2013. Transit in Brazil: are speed cameras effective in avoiding traffic accidents? http://www.economistax.com/o-transito-no-brasil-os-radares-develocidade-sao-eficazes-para-evitar-cidentes-de-transito/
  • Elvik, R., 2011. Analytic Choices in Road Safety Evaluation: Exploring Second-Best Approaches. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 45, 173-179.
  • Fleiter, J., Lennon, A., Watson, B., 2010. How Do Other People İnfluence Your Driving Speed? Exploring the ‘Who’ and the ‘How’ of Social İnfluences on Speeding from a Qualitative Perspective. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 13(1), 49–62.
  • Fleiter, J., Lewis, I.M., Watson, B.C., 2013. Promoting a More Positive Traffic Safety Culture in Australia : Lessons Learnt and Future Directions. Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety Conference, 6-8 Kasım 2013, South Australia, 25(1), 27.
  • Freeman, J.E., Watson, B., 2006. An Application of Stafford and Warr’s Reconceptualization of Deterrence to a Group of Recidivist Drink Drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention 38(3), 462-471.
  • Gains, A., Nordstrom, M., Heydecker, B., Shrewsbury, J., Mountain, L., Maher, M., 2005. The National Safety Camera Programme: Four-Year Evaluation Report. PA Consulting Group, London.
  • Garcia-Castro, A., Monzon, A., 2014. Using Floating Car Data to Analyse the effects of ITS Measures and Eco-Driving. Sensors, 14(11), 21358-21374.
  • Garibotto, G.B., Castello, P., Del Ninno, E., Borghero, G., Pedrazzi, P., Zan, G., 2003. Auto-Detector: High-Performance Mobile License Plate Recognition System. In the 10th World Congress and Exhibition on Intelligent Transport Systems and Services, Madrid, Spain.
  • Getsurrey, 2016. A316 average speed check: Everything you need to know about the new cameras. Erişim Tarihi: 09.06.2016. http://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/a316-average-speed-check-everything-11442721
  • Gil, MJM., Malenstein, UPMJ, 2007. Innovative Technology for Monitoring Traffic,Vehicles and Drivers, Police Enforcement Policy and Programmes on European Roads.
  • Gundem Kibris, 2013. 2 Hız Tespit Kamerası Devreye Giriyor. http://www.gundemkibris.com/2-hiz-tespit-kamerasi-devreye-giriyor-63252h.htm
  • Grunnan, T., Vaa, T., Ulleberg, P., Malenstein, J., Zaidel, D., Kauvo, K., 2008. Implications of Innovative Technology for the Key Areas in Traffic Safety: Speed, Drink Driving and Restraint Systems, Police Enforcement Policy and Programmes on European Roads, Europe.
  • Highways Agency, Atkins Consultants, 2009. A14 Huntingdon to Cambridge Safety Cameras. LNMS Evaluation Report, Highway Agency, London.
  • Høye, A., 2014. Speed Cameras, Section Control, And Kangaroo Jumps – A Meta-Analysis. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 73, 200-208.
  • Kallberg, V. P., Zaidel, D., Vaa, T., Malenstein, J., Siren, A., Gaitanidou, E., 2008. Police Enforcement Policy and Programmes on European Roads, Final Report.
  • Kapsch, 2010. Section Speed Enforcement: for road safety. https://www.kapsch.net/ktc/downloads/brochures/Kapsch-KTC-DS-Section_Speed_Enforcement-EN-WEB?lang=en-US
  • Keenan, D., 2002. Speed Cameras: the True Effect on Behaviour. Traffic Engineering and Control, 43, 154-160.
  • Kloeden, C.N., McLean, A.J., Glonek, G., 2002. Reanalysis of Travelling Speed and the Risk of Crash Involvement in Adelaide South Australia. Department of Transport and Regional Services, Australian Transport Safety Bureau, Canberra.
  • Koprulu, S., 2015. TEDES. http://www.yenimeram.com.tr/tedes-kesti-mahkeme-iptal-etti-159427.htm
  • Korthof, E.W., 2014. Effects of Section Control on Traffic Safety at Dutch Motorways. Delft University of Technology, Master Thesis, 202, Delft.
  • Koy, T., Benz, S., 2009. Automatic Time-Over-Distance Speed Checks İmpacts on Driving Behaviour and Traffic Safety. In the 6th ITS World Congress and Exhibition on Intelligent Transport Systems and Services, Stockholm.
  • KTK, 2013. Karayolları Trafik Kanunu’nun 2918 Sayılı Kanun EK 16 Maddesi Kapsamında Trafik Hizmetlerinde Kullanılacak Teknik Teçhizatlar İçin Genel Yeterlilik Esasları. https://www.trafik.gov.tr/SiteAssets/Trafik%20Kitapl%C4%B1k/Mevzuat/KTK_Ek16_UsulEsaslar.pdf
  • Kursius, A., King, T., Russo, L., 2003. The Benefits of a Digital Platform for Enforcement and Compliance, In the 10th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems and Services, Madrid, Spain.
  • Lynch, M., 2010. Forward Design Study: Introduction of Point to Point Speed Cameras in the ACT. AECOM Australia, Canberra.
  • Lynch, M., White, M., ve Napier, R., 2011. Investigation into the Use of Point-to-Point Speed Cameras: NZ Transport Agency Research Report 465.
  • Malenstein, J., 1997. Automated Video Speed Enforcement and Trajectory Control Combined With Fully Automated Processing. Dutch National Police Agency, Traffic and Transport Division, Driebergen, Netherlands.
  • Montella, A., Punzo, V., Montanino, M., 2012a. Analysis of Drivers’ Compliance to Speed Limits Enforced with an Automated Section Speed Enforcement System. In Transportation Research Board 91st Annual Meeting.
  • Montella, A., Persaud, B., D'Apuzzo, M., Imbriani, L.L., 2012b. Safety evaluation of an automated section speed enforcement system. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2281, 16-25.
  • Montella, A., Punzo, V., Chiaradonna, S., Mauriello, F., Montanino, M., 2015. Point-to-Point Speed Enforcement System: Speed Limits Design Criteria and Analysis of Drivers’ Compliance. Transport. Res. Part C 53, 1–18.
  • Nilsson, G., 2004. Traffic Safety Dimensions and the Power Model to Describe the Effect of Speed on Safety. Bulletin 221. Lund Institute of Technology, Lund.
  • Orozova-Bekkevold, I., Martinez, M., Akkermans, L., 2007. Needs and Objectives of the EC Regarding TLE Data in the Light of Data Availability and the Technical Aspects of Data Collection and Exchange. http://www.vtt.fi/files/sites/pepper/pepper_w12_wp2.pdf
  • Ornek, M.N., Lorasokkay, M.A., Çevik, İ., Özek, T., 2013. Trafikte Kullanılan Bazı Elektronik Denetleme Sistemleri ve Koridor Hız Tespit Sistemi Uygulamasında (TEDES) Konya Örneği. 4. Karayolu Trafik Güvenliği Sempozyumu ve Sergisi, Ankara.
  • Parliamentary Travelsafe Committee, 2008. Report on the Inquiry into Automatic Number Plate Recognition Technology. Report No. 51. Brisbane: Parliamentary Travelsafe Committee.
  • Ragnøy, A., 2013. Automatic Section Speed Control in Tunnels. http://www.vegvesen.no/_attachment/542877/binary/873496fast_title=Automatic+Section+ Speed+Control+in+Tunnels.pdf
  • Redflex Traffic Systems., 2007. Redflex Point-to-Point Technical Overview: European Factsheet.
  • Roberts, CA., Brown-Esplain, J., 2005. Technical Evaluation of Photo Speed Enforcement for Freeways, Arizona. Rapor No: 596, 109p.
  • Roads and Traffic Authority, 2000. Speed Problem Definition and Countermeasure Summary. New South Wales: Roads and Traffic Authority 44p.
  • Schwab, N., 2006. For a Better Safety and Traffic Flow Optimisation During Peak Periods: Speed Control Experimentation on the A7 Motorway. In 12th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, 06-10 November, France.
  • Simcic, G, 2009. Section Control: Towards a More Efficient and Better Accepted Enforcement of Speed Limits? http://archive.etsc.eu/documents/ Speed%20Fact%20Sheet%205.pdf
  • Soole D., Watson B., Fleiter J., 2010. Inquiry into the Road Safety Benefits of Fixed Speed Cameras, Submission in Response to the Economic Development Committee’s, 44p.
  • Soole, D., Fleiter, J., Watson, B., 2012. Point-to-Point Speed Enforcement. Report No: AP-R415-12. 165p.
  • Soole, DW., Watson, BC., Fleiter JJ., 2013a. Effects of Average Speed Enforcement on Speed Compliance and Crashes: A review of the Literature, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 54, 46-56.
  • Soole, DW., Fleiter, Judy J., Watson, Barry C., 2013b. Point-to-Point Speed Enforcement: Recommendations for Better Practice. Australasian Road Safety Research Policing and Education Conference, 28-30 August, Brisbane.
  • Southwestbusiness, 2015. Mobile speed cameras in Cheltenham catch 260 drivers in single month. http://www.southwestbusiness.co.uk/news/050 52015081440-mobile-speed-cameras-in-cheltenham-catch-260-driv ers-in-single-month/
  • Speed Check Service, 2007. Temporary Roadworks Speed Enforcement - M6. http://www.speedcheck.co.uk/pdf/M6%20TASCAR%20case%20study.pdf
  • Speed Check Services, 2008. M1 6a-10 Motorway Widening Scheme. London: Speed Check Services.
  • Speed Check Services, 2009a. SPECS Safety Cameras-M4 10-12 Technology Upgrade. http://www.speedcheck.co.uk/images/M4_Case_Study.pdf
  • Speed Check Services,2009b. SPECS: Results. http://www.speedcheck.co.uk/specs.htm
  • Stefan, C., 2005. Automatic Speed Enforcement on the A13 Motorway (NL): Rosebud WP4 – Case B Report. Austrian Road Safety Board (KfV), Austria.
  • Stoelhorst, H., 2008. Reduced Speed Limits for Local Air Quality and Traffic Efficiency. In the 7th European Congress and Exhibition on Intelligent Transport Systems and Services, 3-6 June 2008 Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Taylor, M. C., Lynam, D. A., Baruya, A., 2000. The Effects of Drivers’ Speed on the Frequency of Road Accidents. TRL Report No:421.
  • Tedesceza, 2016. 2016 Tedes Cezası Ne Kadar? http://tedesceza.com/tedes-cezasi/
  • Thornton, T., 2010. Reductions in Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions with Specs Average Speed Enforcement, The Road Transport Information and Control Conference and the ITS United Kingdom Members’ Conference – Better Transport Through Technology, London.
  • Vadeby, A., Forsman A., 2014. Speed Distribution And Traffic Safety Measures, Transport Research Arena (TRA), 14-17 April 2014, Paris.
  • Walker, E., Murdoch, C., Bryant, P., Barnes, B., Johnson, B., 2009. Quantitative Study of Attitudes, Motivations and Beliefs Related to Speeding and Speed Enforcement, The Australasian Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference, 10 -13 November 2009 Sydney.
  • Wiggins, A., 2006. ANPR Technology and Applications in ITS. The 22nd ARRB Conference, 29 October -10 November 2006, Australia.
  • Young, K.L., Regan, M. A., 2007. Intelligent Transport Systems to Support Police Enforcement of Road Safety Laws. ATSB Research and Analysis Report No: 2007-02, 62p.
Toplam 70 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Derleme veya Çeviri Makale \ Review or Translated Articles
Yazarlar

Arzu Ilgaz 0000-0003-4266-7519

MEHMET Saltan Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-6221-4918

Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Ekim 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Mayıs 2017
Kabul Tarihi 19 Eylül 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Ilgaz, A., & Saltan, M. (2017). ORTALAMA HIZ TESPİT SİSTEMİ VE YOL GÜVENLİĞİ ETKİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR LİTERATÜR TARAMASI. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 5(3), 457-472. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.312057