Öz
In wastewater treatment
plants with anaerobic sludge digestion, 15-20% of the nitrogen load is
recirculated to the main stream with the digester effluent from dewatering. The
treatment of the digester effluent separately may significantly reduce the nitrogen
load of the activated sludge system. Nowadays, Partial Nitritation (PN)/Anammox
(A) process is more prefered comparing to the conventional biological
applications such as nitrification-denitrification processes due to the
sustainability and costs. The sludge digester effluent taken from a full-scale
municipal WWTP, in Istanbul, Turkey is successfully deammonified using a
pilot-scale two-stage PN/A process. In this study, based on its results,
facility design and cost analysis of a full scale plant are demonstrated. The
operation cost of a full scale PN/A process is 3.77 TL/m3/day and
the construction cost is calculated as 2181 TL/m3. The most
important parameter that provides this cost are the temperature holding the
Anammox reactor at 30 ° C and lower oxygen demand. However, it is estimated
that 80% of the operation cost will be reduced if the heat is provided by the
biogas from the anaerobic digesters.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Partial nitration/ anammox Nitrogen removal Full scale application Cost estimation
Kaynakça
- Abma, W.R., Schultz, C.E, Mulder, J., van der Star W.R.L., Strous, M. Tokumoti, T. ve van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., 2007. Full-scale Granular Sludge Anammox Process, Water Sci Technol., 55(8-9):27-33.
- Bao, P., Wang, S., Ma, B., Zhang, Q., Peng, Y., 2017. Achieving partial nitrification by inhibiting the activity of Nitrospira-like bacteria under high-DO conditions in an intermittent aeration reactor, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 56:71-78.
- Çelen-Erdem, İ., Kurt, E.S., Bozçelik, B., Çallı, B., 2018. Upflow packed bed anammox reactor used in two-stage deammonification of sludge digester effluent, Water Sci Technol., 78 (9) 1843-1851.
- Jenicek, P., Svehla, P., Zabranska, J. ve Dohanyos, M., 2004. Factors Affecting Nitrogen Removal by Nitritation/Denitritation, Water Science & Technology, 49(5-6): 73-79.
- Kartal, B., de Almeida N. M., Maalcke .W J., Op den Camp H. J.M., Jetten M. S.M., Keltjens J. T., 2013. How to make a living from anaerobic ammonium oxidation, FEMS Microbiology Rev., 37(3): 428–461.
- Kosari, S.F., Rezania, B. Lo, K.V., Mavinic, D.S., 2014. Operational strategy for nitrogen removal from centrate in a two-stage partial nitrification–Anammox process. Env Techn., 35(9): 1110-1120.
- Lackner, S., Gilbert, E.M., Vlaeminck, S.E., Joss, A., Horn, H., van Loosdrect, MCM., 2014. Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences – An application survey. Wat Res. 55 292-303.
- Magri, A., Beline, F., Dabert, P., 2013. Feasibility and interest of the anmmox process as treatment alternative for anaerobic digester supernatants in manure processing – An overview, Journal of Environmental Management, 131:170-184.
- Metcalf &Eddy, 2003. Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies and Applications, 4th Eddition, McGraw-Hill Publisher, New York.
- Mulder, A., van de Graaf, A.A., Robertson, L. ve Kuenen, J., 1995. “Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Discovered in a Denitrifying Fluidized Bed Reactor”, FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 16(3):177-183.
- Ni, B.J., Hu, B.L., Fang, F., Xie, W.M., Kartal, B., Liu, X.W., Sheng, G.P., Jetten, M., Zheng, P., Yu, H.Q., 2010. Microbial and Physicochemical Characteristics of Compact Anaerobic AmmoniumOxidizing Granules in an upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 76(8), 2652-2656.
- Niftrik van L.A, Fuerst, J.A., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Kuenen J.G., Jetten M.S.M, Strous M., 2004. The Anammoxsome: an Intracytoplasmic Compartment in ANAMMOX Bacteria, FEMS Microbiology Letters, 233, 7-13.
- Strous, M., van Gerve, E., Zheng, P., Gijs Kuenen, J. ve Jetten, M.S.M., 1997. Ammonium Removal From Concentrated Waste Streams with the Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) Process in Different Reactor Configurations, Water Research, 97:1955-1962.
- Strous, M., Kuenen, J.G., Jetten, M.S.M., 1999. Key Physiology of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65(7), 3248- 3250.
- Strous, M, Heijnen J.J, Kuenen JG, Jetten MSM. 1998. The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 50(5):589–596.
- van de Graaf, A.A., de Bruijn, P., Robertson, L.A., Jetten, M.S.M., Kuenen, J.G., 1996. Autotrophic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing micro-organisms in a fluidized bed reactor, Microbiology (UK), 142, 2187–2196.
- Van Hulle, S.W.H. , Vandeweyer, H.J.P., Meesschaer, B.D., Vanrolleghem, P.A., Dejans, P., Dumoulin, A., 2010. Engineering aspects and practical application of autotrophic nitrogen removal from nitrogen rich streams. Chemical Eng Journal., 162 1-20.
Öz
Anaerobik
çürütücü bulunan arıtma tesislerinden çamur susuzlaştırma sonucu çıkan
atıksuların tesis başına geri devredilmesi tesisin azot yükünü %15-20
arttırmaktadır. Bu atıksuyun ayrı olarak enerji verimli arıtılması aktif çamur
sistemine gelecek azot yükünü önemli oranda azaltabilecektir. Günümüzde, Kısmi
Nitritasyon (KN)/Anammox (A) prosesinin uygulanması,
nitrifikasyon-denitrifikasyon gibi konvansiyonel biyolojik arıtma yöntemlerine
göre maliyet ve sürdürülebilirlik nedenleri ile daha çok tercih edilmektedir.
İSKİ Ambarlı İleri Biyolojik Atıksu Arıtma Tesisi’ne (İBAAT) ait çamur çürütücü
çıkışından, pilot ölçekli iki aşamalı KN/A prosesi kullanılarak başarı ile
azotun giderimi sağlanmıştır. Bu tesisten alınan sonuçlar kullanılarak gerçek
ölçekli tesis tasarım çalışması ve maliyet belirleme çalışmaları yapılmıştır.
Anammox prosesi ile işletilen tam ölçekli bir tesisin işletme maliyeti 3,77
TL/m3/gün, ilk yatırım maliyeti ise 2181 TL/m3/gün olarak
hesaplanmıştır. İşletme maliyetinin düşük seviyelerde olmasını sağlayan en
önemli parametreler Anammox reaktörü için yeterli olan 30 °C sıcaklık ve
oksijen ihtiyacının kısmi olmasıdır. Isıtma ihtiyacından kaynaklanan ısının
anaerobik çürütme tanklarından çıkan biyogazın kullanılması ile işletme
giderlerinin %80’ i azaltılacağı ön görülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kısmi nitritasyon/ anammox Azot giderimi Tam ölçek uygulaması Maliyet belirleme
Kaynakça
- Abma, W.R., Schultz, C.E, Mulder, J., van der Star W.R.L., Strous, M. Tokumoti, T. ve van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., 2007. Full-scale Granular Sludge Anammox Process, Water Sci Technol., 55(8-9):27-33.
- Bao, P., Wang, S., Ma, B., Zhang, Q., Peng, Y., 2017. Achieving partial nitrification by inhibiting the activity of Nitrospira-like bacteria under high-DO conditions in an intermittent aeration reactor, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 56:71-78.
- Çelen-Erdem, İ., Kurt, E.S., Bozçelik, B., Çallı, B., 2018. Upflow packed bed anammox reactor used in two-stage deammonification of sludge digester effluent, Water Sci Technol., 78 (9) 1843-1851.
- Jenicek, P., Svehla, P., Zabranska, J. ve Dohanyos, M., 2004. Factors Affecting Nitrogen Removal by Nitritation/Denitritation, Water Science & Technology, 49(5-6): 73-79.
- Kartal, B., de Almeida N. M., Maalcke .W J., Op den Camp H. J.M., Jetten M. S.M., Keltjens J. T., 2013. How to make a living from anaerobic ammonium oxidation, FEMS Microbiology Rev., 37(3): 428–461.
- Kosari, S.F., Rezania, B. Lo, K.V., Mavinic, D.S., 2014. Operational strategy for nitrogen removal from centrate in a two-stage partial nitrification–Anammox process. Env Techn., 35(9): 1110-1120.
- Lackner, S., Gilbert, E.M., Vlaeminck, S.E., Joss, A., Horn, H., van Loosdrect, MCM., 2014. Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences – An application survey. Wat Res. 55 292-303.
- Magri, A., Beline, F., Dabert, P., 2013. Feasibility and interest of the anmmox process as treatment alternative for anaerobic digester supernatants in manure processing – An overview, Journal of Environmental Management, 131:170-184.
- Metcalf &Eddy, 2003. Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies and Applications, 4th Eddition, McGraw-Hill Publisher, New York.
- Mulder, A., van de Graaf, A.A., Robertson, L. ve Kuenen, J., 1995. “Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Discovered in a Denitrifying Fluidized Bed Reactor”, FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 16(3):177-183.
- Ni, B.J., Hu, B.L., Fang, F., Xie, W.M., Kartal, B., Liu, X.W., Sheng, G.P., Jetten, M., Zheng, P., Yu, H.Q., 2010. Microbial and Physicochemical Characteristics of Compact Anaerobic AmmoniumOxidizing Granules in an upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 76(8), 2652-2656.
- Niftrik van L.A, Fuerst, J.A., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Kuenen J.G., Jetten M.S.M, Strous M., 2004. The Anammoxsome: an Intracytoplasmic Compartment in ANAMMOX Bacteria, FEMS Microbiology Letters, 233, 7-13.
- Strous, M., van Gerve, E., Zheng, P., Gijs Kuenen, J. ve Jetten, M.S.M., 1997. Ammonium Removal From Concentrated Waste Streams with the Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) Process in Different Reactor Configurations, Water Research, 97:1955-1962.
- Strous, M., Kuenen, J.G., Jetten, M.S.M., 1999. Key Physiology of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65(7), 3248- 3250.
- Strous, M, Heijnen J.J, Kuenen JG, Jetten MSM. 1998. The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 50(5):589–596.
- van de Graaf, A.A., de Bruijn, P., Robertson, L.A., Jetten, M.S.M., Kuenen, J.G., 1996. Autotrophic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing micro-organisms in a fluidized bed reactor, Microbiology (UK), 142, 2187–2196.
- Van Hulle, S.W.H. , Vandeweyer, H.J.P., Meesschaer, B.D., Vanrolleghem, P.A., Dejans, P., Dumoulin, A., 2010. Engineering aspects and practical application of autotrophic nitrogen removal from nitrogen rich streams. Chemical Eng Journal., 162 1-20.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Çevre Mühendisliği |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi \ Research Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 15 Eylül 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 11 Ocak 2019 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 3 Mayıs 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3 |