TAŞUCU KÖRFEZİNDE (MERSİN) SAHİL SEDİMANLARINDA AĞIR METAL İÇERİĞİNİN JEOKİMYASAL VE ÇOK DEĞİŞKENLİ İSTATİSTİK YAKLAŞIMLARLA İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 1113 - 1125, 25.12.2020

Fusun Yalcın Muthuswamy Ponniah Jonathan Mustafa Gurhan Yalçın Semiha Ilhan Yasemin Leventeli

https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.802065

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye, Taşucu Körfezi (Mersin) sahili boyunca 33 lokasyondan toplanan güncel çökeltilerde ağır metal içeriklerini ve olası kökenlerini incelemektir. Tüm örneklerdeki sedimanter dokusu, ana (Fe, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Na, K, Ti) ve eser (Pb, Zn, Mn, Sn, As, Sb, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ag, Cd, Ni, Mo, V, W) element içerikleri ölçülmüştür. Ana ve eser elementlerin genel konsantrasyonu Al'a normalize edildi ve zenginleştirme faktörü hesaplanmıştır. Çok değişkenli istatistiksel analizler, ağır metal içerikleri arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon ilişkisini göstermesi ve eser metallerin yakın ilişkisinin olduğunu göstermesi bunların aynı kaynaktan olduğunu göstermektedir. Ana ve eser elementlerin dağılımı üç farklı faktöre işaret etmektedir; birinci faktör antropojenik aktiviteleri, ikinci faktör doğal süreci ve üçüncüsü ise çalışma alanındaki kaynaklar arasında (antropojenik) önemli bir fark olduğunu gösteren ara faktördür. Elementlerin diğer alanlarla karşılaştırılması neticesinde Sb, Mo, As, Cr, W, Ni, Sn ve Co’ın zengin olduğu gözlenmiştir. Taşucu körfezinin özellikle kıyı çökellerinde normal koşulların yeniden sağlanması için iyileştirici önlemler alınmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ağır metaller, Çokdeğişkenli İstatistiksel Analiz, veri analizi, faktör analizi, Taşucu Körfezi

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Teşekkür

Yok

INVESTIGATION OF HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN BEACH SEDIMENTS ON THE OF TASUCU BAY (MERSIN) WITH GEOCHEMICAL AND MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL APPROACHES

Öz

The purpose of this study is to investigate the heavy metal concentartion and their possible origin in recent sediments collected from 33 locations along the Tasucu Bay (Mersin) coast, Turkey. Sediment texture, major (Fe, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Na, K, Ti) and trace elements (Pb, Zn, Mn, Sn, As, Sb, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ag, Cd, Ni, Mo, V, W) in all samples were measured. The overall concentration of major and trace elements were normalized to the Al and the enrichment factor were also derived. Multivariate statistical analyses indicates significant correlation among the heavy metal fractions suggesting that the close relationship of trace metals are from the same source in the study area. The distribution of major and trace elements indicate three different factors where the first factor indicates the anthropogenic activities, the second factor indicates the natural process and the third one as intermediate factor suggesting a perfect difference between sources (anthropogenic) in the study area. Comparison of the elements with other fields shows that Sb, Mo, As, Cr, W, Ni, Sn and Co are rich. Remedial measures should be taken to restore normal conditions especially at The coastal sediments of Tasucu bay.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Heavy Metals, Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Data Analysis, Factor Analysis, Taşucu Bay

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

• Anonymous 2005. Toprak Kirliliginin Kontrolu Yonetmeligi, 2005 tarih ve 25831 sayili Resmi Gazete, 31 Mayis, Ankara, (in Turkish)
• Bridgman, H.A., 1992. Evaluating rain water contamination and sources in southwest Australia using factor analysis, Atmos. Env. Gen. Top. 26A, pp. 2401–2412
• Boruvka, L., Vacek, O., Jehlicka, J., 2005. Principal component analysis as a tool to indicate the origin of potentially toxic elements in soils. Geoderma 128, 289–300, doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.04.010
• Burak, S., Dogan, E., Gazioglu, C., 2004. Impact of urbanization andtourism on coastal environment. Ocean & Coastal Management 47, 515–527, doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2004.07.007Get
• Calvert, S.E., Pedersen, T.F., Thunell, R.C., 1993. Geochemistry of the surface sediments of the Sulu and South China Seas. Mar Geol 114, 207–231, doi: 10.1016/0025-3227(93)90029-U
• Caredda, A. M., Cristini, A., Ferrara, C., Lobina, MF., Baroli, M., 1999. Distribution of heavy metals in the Piscinas beach sediments (SW Sardinia, Italy). Environmental Geology 38 (2), 91 – 100, doi: 10.1007/s002540050405
• Davis, J.C., 1986. Statistics and data analysis in geology. 2nd edn. Wiley Inc, NY, Accession Number: WOS:A1986E538700012
• Demirel, Z., 2004. The history and evaluation of saltwater intrusion into a coastal aquifer in Mersin, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Management 70, 275–282, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.12.007
• Ediger, V., Velegrakis, A.F., Evans, G., 2002. Upper slope sediment waves in the Cilician Basin, northeastern Mediterranean. Marine Geology 192, 321-333, doi: 10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00562-5
• Ergin, M., Keskin, S., Dogan, A.U., Kadioglu, Y.K., Karakas, Z., 2007. Grain size and heavy mineral distribution as related to hinterland and environmental conditions for modern beach sediments from the Gulfs of Antalya and Finike, eastern Mediterranean. Marine Geology 240, 185–196, doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2007.02.006
• Ergul, H.A., Topcuoglu, S, Olmez, E., Kırbasxoglu, C., 2008. Heavy metals in sinking particles and bottom sediments from the eastern Turkish coast of the Black Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 78, 396-402, doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2008.01.006
• Everest, A., Seyhan, L., 2006. Investigations of basic soil parameters in mersin: Kozlar high plateau of south Turkey. Building and Environment 4, 837–841, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.03.002
• Facchinelli, A., Galini, L., Barberis, E., Magnoni, M., Hursthouse, A.S., 2001. The influence of clay mineralogy on the mobility of radiocaesium in upland soils of NW Italy. Environmental Radioactivity 56, 299–307, doi: 10.1016/S0265-931X(00)00206-X
• Gedik, A., Bırgılı, S., Yilmaz, H., Yoldas, R., 1979. Mut-Ermenek-Silifke yöresinin jeolojisi ve petrol olanakları. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Turkey 22, 7-26 (in Turkish).
• Gutiérrez-Mosquera, H., Shruti, V. C., Jonathan, M. P., Roy, P. D., & Rivera-Rivera, D. M. (2018). Metal concentrations in the beach sediments of Bahia Solano and Nuquí along the Pacific coast of Chocó, Colombia: A baseline study. Marine pollution bulletin, 135, 1-8, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.060
• Guven, K.C., Saygi, N., Ozturk, B., 1993. Survey of metal contents of Bosphorus algae, Zostera marina and sediments. Botanica Marina 36, 175 – 178, doi.org/10.1515/botm.1993.36.3.175
• Hakanson, L., 1980. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach. Water Research 14, 975-1001, doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8
• Karakaya, F., Yalcin, M. G., Narin, I., Tumuklu, A. 2010. The application of graded extraction on coastal sand (Tasucu coastal, south of Turkey). International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference: SGEM, 1, 165, Accession Number: WOS:000288623600022
• Kocak, M., Kubilay, N., Herut, B., Nimmo, M., 2005. Dry atmospheric fluxes oftrace metals (Al, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu) over the Levantine Basin: A refined assessment. Atmospheric Environment 39, 7330–7341, doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.09.010
• Ingram, R.L., 1970. Procedures in sedimentary petrology. Wiley, New York, pp 49–67
• Jonathan, M.P., Ram-Mohan, V., Srinivasalu, S., 2004. Geochemical variations of major and trace elements in recent sediments, off the Gulf of Mannar, the southeast coast of India. Environmental Geology (2004) 45,466–480, doi: 10.1007/s00254-003-0898-7
• Jonathan, M. P., Roy, P. D., Thangadurai, N., Srinivasalu, S., Rodríguez-Espinosa, P. F., Sarkar, S. K., ... & Muñoz-Sevilla, N. P., 2011. Metal concentrations in water and sediments from tourist beaches of Acapulco, Mexico. Marine pollution bulletin, 62(4), 845-850.
• Jonathan, M. P., Rodriguez-Espinosa, P. F., Sujitha, S. B., Shruti, V. C., & Martinez-Tavera, E., 2019. A multi-elemental approach to assess potential contamination in tourist beaches: The case of Loreto Bay (Marine Protected Area), NW Mexico. Marine pollution bulletin, 146, 729-740, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.083
• Leventeli, Y., 2011. Potential Human Impact on Coastal Area, Antalya—Turkey. Journal of Coastal Research, (61), 403-407, Accession Number: WOS:000306715200058
• Loring, D., 1991. Normalization of heavy-metal data from estuarine and coastal sediments, ICES Journal of Marine Science 48, 101–115, doi: 10.1093/icesjms/48.1.101
• Okay, N., Ergün, B., 2005. Source of the basinal sediments in the Marmara Sea investigated using heavy minerals in the modern beach sands. Mar. Geol. 216, 1–15, doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2005.01.006
• Okyar, M., 1991. The Late-Quaternary Transgression and its Associated Submarine Stratigraphy of Mersin Bay between the Goksu and the Seyhan Deltas: A Geophysical Approach. Ph.D. Thesis, Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Erdemli, Mersin, 156
• Okyar, M., Ergin, M., Evans, G., 2005. Seismic stratigraphy of Late Quaternary sediments of western Mersin Bay shelf, (NE Mediterranean Sea) Marine Geology 220, 113– 130, doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2005.06.024
• Ozer, E., Koc, H., Ozsayar, T.Y., 2004. Stratigraphical evidence for the depression of the northern magrin of the Menderes–Tauride Block (Turkey) during the Late Cretaceous, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 22, 401–412., doi: 10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00084-1
• Ozdemir, Z., 2005. Pinus brutia as a biogeochemical medium to detect iron and zinc in soil analysis, chromite deposits of the area Mersin, Turkey. Chemie der Erde 65, 79–88, doi: 10.1016/j.chemer.2003.09.001
• Ozgul, N., 1971. Importance of block motions in structured development of the northern Middle Taurus. Bull. Geological Soc. Turkey, 14 (1), 85-101 (In Turkish).
• Ozgul, N., 1976. Some basic geological features of the Taurus Mountain. Bull. Geological Soc. Turkey, 19, 65-78 (In Turkish)
• Ozgul, N., Kozlu, H., 2002. Data on the Stratigraphy and Tectonics of the Kozan - Feneke Region (Eastern Taurides), TAPG Bulletin 14 (1), 1-36.
• Ramirez, M., Massolo, S., Frache, R., Correa, J.A., 2005. Metal speciation and environmental impact on sandy beaches due to El Salvador copper mine, Chile. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50, 62–72, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.08.010
• Santhiya, G., Lakshumanan, C., Jonathan, M. P., Roy, P. D., Navarrete-Lopez, M., Srinivasalu, S., ... & Krishnakumar, P., 2011. Metal enrichment in beach sediments from Chennai Metropolis, SE coast of India. Marine pollution bulletin, 62(11), 2537-2542, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.08.019
• Sengor, A.M.C., 1987. Orojenik mozayiklerde yanal atim tektoniginin onemine bir ornek: Iran ve cevresinin Mesozoyik tektonik evrimi. 7. Biannual Petroleum Congress of Turkey pp 50–64, (in Turkish).
• Sengor, A.M.C., Yilmaz, Y., 1981. Turkiye’de Tetis’in evrimi, levha tektonigi acisindan bir yaklasim. TJK Yerbilimleri ozel dizisi, 1.
• Szefer, P., Glosby, G.P., Szefer, K., Penopkowiak, J., Kaliszan, R., 1996. Heavy metals pollution in surfacial sediments from the southern Baltic sea of Poland. Journal of Environmental Science and Health 31A, 2723–2754, doi: 10.1080/10934529609376520
• Tasucu Municipality, 2005. http://www.tasucu.bel.tr/bld/default.asp
• Taylor, St.R., McLennan, S.M., 1985. The Continental Crust: its Composition and Evolution. Blackwell Scientific Publications. Geoscience texts.
• Vetrimurugan, E., Shruti, V. C., Jonathan, M. P., Roy, P. D., Sarkar, S. K., Rawlins, B. K., & Villegas, L. E. C., 2019. Comprehensive study on metal contents and their ecological risks in beach sediments of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. Marine pollution bulletin, 149, 110555, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110555
• Vidinha, J.M., Rocha, F., Patinha, C., Silva, E., Andrade, C., 2006. Heavy metals contents on beach and dune sediments from Espinho to Mondego Cape (Portugal)—influence of human activities. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 88, 404– 407, doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.085
• Yalcin, M.G., Ilhan, S., 2008. Multivariate analyses to determine the origin of potentially harmful heavy metals in beach and dune sediments from Kizkalesi coast (Mersin), Turkey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 81, 57–68, doi: 10.1007/s00128-008-9461-2
• Yalcin M.G., 2009. Heavy mineral distribution as related to environmental conditions for modern beach sediments from the Susanoglu (Atakent, Mersin, Turkey). Environmental Geology, doi: 10.1007/s00254-008-1499-2
• Yalcin, F., Nyamsari, D. G., Paksu, E., & Yalcin, M. G., 2016. Statistical assessment of heavy metal distribution and contamination of beach sands of Antalya-Turkey: an approach to the multivariate analysis techniques. Filomat, 30(4), 945-952, doi: 10.2298/FIL1604945Y
• Yalcin, M. G., Simsek, G., Ocak, S. B., Yalcin, F., Kalayci, Y., & Karaman, M. E., 2013. Multivariate statistics and heavy metals contamination in beach sediments from the Sakarya Canyon, Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 25(4), 2059-2066, doi: 10.14233/ajchem.2013.13309
• Yalcin, M. G., Coskun, B., Nyamsari, D. G., & Yalcin, F., 2019. Geomedical, ecological risk, and statistical assessment of hazardous elements in shore sediments of the Iskenderun Gulf, Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey. Environmental Earth Sciences, 78(15), 438, doi: 10.1007/s12665-019-8435-5
• Yalcin, F., 2020. Data Analysis of Beach Sands’ Chemical Analysis Using Multivariate Statistical Methods and Heavy Metal Distribution Maps: The Case of Moonlight Beach Sands, Kemer, Antalya, Turkey. Symmetry, 12(9), 1538, doi.org/10.3390/sym12091538
• Yalcin, M. G., Cevik, O., & Karaman, M. E., 2013. Use of multivariate statistics methods to determine grain size, heavy metal distribution and origins of heavy metals in Mersin Bay (Eastern Mediterranean) coastal sediments. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 25(5), 2696-2702, doi: 10.14233/ajchem.2013.13683
• Yetis, C., Demirkol, C., 1986. Detail geological research of West side of Adana Basin I, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Technical report number 8037, Ankara, Turkey, 175 (in Turkish).
• Yoshinaga, J., Tanaka, A., Takamatsu, T., Morita, M., Okamoto, K., 1996. Element concentrations in NIES candidate marine sediment certified reference materials: reference values for major and trace elements. Anal Sci 12, 993–995, doi: 10.2116/analsci.12.993
• Zoller, W.H., Gladney, E.S., Gordon, G.E., Bors, J.J., 1974. Emissions of trace elements from coal fired power plants. In: Hemphill, D.D (Ed). Trace substances in Environmental Health, vol.8, Rolla, University of Missouri, Columbia, 167-172.