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VAN GÖLÜ BÖLGESİNDE 2011 YILI DEPREMLERİNİN ARTÇI ŞOK SERİSİ KIRILMA KARMAŞIĞINA YAPISAL BAĞLANTI(DOĞU ANADOLU, TÜRKİYE)

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 27 - 51, 30.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.861520

Öz

Bu çalışma, Van Gölü alanında gerçekleşen, 23 Ekim Van (Mw 7.1) ve 9 Kasım Edremit (Mw 5.6) 2011 yılı depremleriyle, artçışok kırılma karmaşığına bağlı olarak, anaşok sonrası oluşan küçük deprem kümelerinin ve genel sismik hareketliliğin, azimuta bağlı değişimini dikkate alarak kurulan yapısal ilişkinin bir analizini sunmaktadır. Her iki anaşoktan sonra oluşan artçışok serileri, Van Gölünün altında bulunan kabuk kökenli faylarla ilişkilendirilmiş ve ardarda olmak üzere, sıradışı yıkıcı bir etki oluşturarak, bölgede çok önemli bir zarara neden olmuşlardır. Bu nedenle, çalışmamızın temel amacı, 23 Ekim 2011 artçışok odak derinliklerinin zamana, mekana ve azimuta bağlı olarak dağılımını ve dağılım sürecini göstermek ve aynı zamanda, artçışok odak derinliklerini kullanarak, artçışok serilerinin yapısal karakterini anlamaktır. Bu çalışmada, yaklaşık 10.000 artçışok verisi, 23 Ekim 2011 ve 17 Mart 2014 tarihleri arasında 3 yıl süreyle kaydedilen, sinyal gürültü oranı yüksek deprem katalogundan elde edilmiştir. Bu artçışok veri seti, 2011 Kasım ve 2014 Mart tarihleri arasında yeniden yersel olarak konumlandırılmış ve bu çalışmanın ilk aşamasını teşkil eden, yaklaşık 5000 adet artçışok verisi, derinlik-uzaklık profil kesitlerinde, deprem kümelenmelerini tespit edebilmek için kullanılmıştır (Kasım 2011-Mart 2012). Böylece, artçışok kümelenmelerinin derinlik dağılımı, deprem odak derinliklerin hareketi ve küçük deprem kümelenmelerinin analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir ve ayrıca, artçışok odak derinliklerinin geometrik dağılımı kullanılarak, tespit edilmiş deprem kümelenmelerinin dağılım geometrilerinin analizi yapılmıştır. Artçışokların zamanda ve mekandaki dağılımları, Van depremini oluşturan fayın derinlerdeki kırılma karmaşasına dair, çok ilginç temel özelliklerini açıkça göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, ilk kez, deprem odağı analizi detaylı gözlem sonuçlarını vermektedir ve bu veri sonuçları, çalışma alanında, gelecekteki olması muhtemel deprem hasar analizleri için çok önem arz etmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bağımsız

Proje Numarası

-

Teşekkür

Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü (KOERI) ve Afet ve Acil Durum Daire Başkanlığı (AFAD)

Kaynakça

  • Acarel, D., Bulut, F., Bohnhoff, M., Kartal, R., (2014). Coseismic velocity change associated with the 2011 Van earthquake (Mw 7.1): crustal response to a major event. Geophys. Res. Lett. 41.
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  • An M, Feng M, Long C (2010) Deep ruptures around the hypocenter of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake deduced from aftershock observations. Tectonophysics 491:96-104. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.12.024
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  • Bayrak Y, Yadav RBS, Kalafat D, Tsapanos TM, Çınar H, Singh AP, Bayrak E, Yılmaz Ş, Öcal F, Koravos G (2013) Seismogenesis and earthquake triggering during the Van (Turkey) 2011 seismic sequence. Tectonophysics 601:163-176. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.05.008
  • Benito B, Cepeda JM, Martinez Diaz JJ (2004) Analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of the 2001 earthquakes in El Salvador. In: Rose WI, Bommer JJ, López DL, Carr MJ, Major JJ (eds) Natural hazards in El Salvador. The Geological Society of America Special Paper 375. Boulder, Colorado
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  • Çukur D, Krastel S, Demirel-Schluter F, Demirbağ E, Imren C, Nissen F, Toker M, PaleoVan-Working Group (2013) Sedimentary evolution of Lake Van (Eastern Turkey) reconstructed from high-resolution seismic investigations. International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geol Rundsch) 102:571-585. doi:10.1007/s00531-012-0816-x
  • Çukur, D., Krastel, S., Tomonaga, Y., Schmincke, H.-U., Sumita, M., Meydan, A.F., Çağatay, M.N., Toker, M., Kim, S.-P., Kong, G.-S. & Horozal, S., (2016) Structural characteristics of the Lake Van Basin, Eastern Turkey, from high-resolution seismic reflection profiles and multibeam echosounder data: Geologic and tectonic implications, Int. J. Earth Sci. (Geol Rundsch), 106, 239-253.
  • Dewey JF, Hempton MR, Kidd WSF, Şaroğlu F, Şengör AMC (1986) Shortening of continental lithosphere: The neotectonics of Eastern Anatolia-a young collision. In: Coward MP, Ries AC (eds) Collision tectonics. Geological Society Special Publications, vol. 19. London, pp. 3-36
  • Doğan B, Karakaş A (2013), Geometry of co-seismic surface ruptures and tectonic meaning of the 23 October 2011 Mw 7.1 Van earthquake (East Anatolian Region, Turkey). J. Struct. Geol. 46:99-114
  • Doğan U, Demir DÖ, Çakir Z, Ergintav S. Ozener H, Akoğlu AM, Nalbant SS, Reilinger R (2014) Postseismic deformation following the Mw 7.2, 23 October 2011 Van earthquake (Turkey): Evidence for aseismic fault reactivation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 41:2334-2341. doi:10.1002/2014GL059291
  • Elliott JR, Copley AC, Holley R, Scharer K, Parsons B (2013) The 2011 Mw 7.1 Van (eastern Turkey) earthquake. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 118:1-19. doi:10.1002/jgrb.50117
  • Emre O, Duman TY, Ozalp S, Elmacı H (2011) 23 Ekim 2011 Van depremi saha gozlemleri ve kaynak faya ilişkin on değerlendirmeler. MTA Jeoloji Etutler Dairesi. Ankara
  • Fielding EJ, Lundgren PR, Taymaz T, Yolsal-Çevikbilen S, Owen SE (2013) Fault-Slip source models for the 2011 M 7.1 Van Earthquake in Turkey from SAR Interferometry, Pixel Offset Tracking, GPS, and Seismic Waveform Analysis. Seismological Research Letters 84(4):579-593. doi: 10.1785/0220120164
  • Gorbatov A, Kennett BLN (2003) Joint bulk-sound and shear tomography for western Pacific subduction zones. Earth Planet Sci Lett 210:527–543
  • Gori, P.D., Akinci, A., Lucente, F.P., Kılıç, T., (2014), Spatial and Temporal Variations of Aftershock Activity of the 23 October 2011 Mw 7.1 Van, Turkey, Earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America; 104 (2): 913–930. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130118
  • Görür N, Cağatay MN, Zabcı C, Sakınç M, Akkök R, Hande Ş, Örcen S (2015) The Late Quaternary Tectono-stratigraphic Evolution of the Lake Van, Turkey. Bull. Min. Res. Exp. 151:1-46
  • Gutenberg B, Richter CF (1944) Frequency of earthquakes in California. Frequency of earthquakes in California. Bulletin Seismological Society of America;34 : 185‐188.
  • Gülen L, Pınar A, Kalafat D, Özel N, Horasan G, Yılmazer M, Işıkara AM (2002) Surface fault breaks, aftershocks distribution, and rupture process of the 17 August-1999 Izmit, Turkey, earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92:230–244.
  • Harris RA, Simpson RW, Reasenberg PA (1995) Influence of static stress changes on earthquake locations in southern California. Nature 375:221-224
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  • Irmak TS, Doğan B, Karakaş A (2012) Source mechanism of the 23 October 603 2011 Van (Turkey) earthquake (Mw = 7.1) and aftershocks with its tectonic implications. Earth Planets Space doi:10.5047/eps.2012.05.002
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THE STRUCTURAL COUPLING TO RUPTURE COMPLEXITY OF THE AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCE OF THE 2011 EARTHQUAKES IN LAKE VAN AREA (EASTERN ANATOLIA, TURKEY)

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 27 - 51, 30.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.861520

Öz

This study presents an analysis of the structural coupling to the two large destructive earthquakes that occurred in Lake Van area on October 23 (Mw 7.1), and November 9 (Mw 5.6), 2011, together with the azimuth-dependent distribution of the seismic activity and microseismicity clusters after the mainshocks, associated with the complex rupture processes of the aftershock sequence. The aftershock sequences after the two mainshocks were linked to the local crustal faults beneath Lake Van area, followed successively and produced unusually intense activity and significant damage in the area. The main purposes of this study are to document the spatial and temporal distribution and evolution of the October 23, 2011 aftershock hypocenters and the azimuth-dependent distribution of seismic activity, and to understand the structural character of the aftershock sequence using the distributional and evolutional patterns of the aftershock hypocenters. A total of 10,000 aftershocks were obtained from seismic data with a high signal-to-noise ratio collected over three years from October 23, 2011 to March 17, 2014. These aftershocks were relocated for the time periods from November 2011 through March 2012 to March 2014 and ≈ 5000 aftershocks were retained in the depth versus distance cross-sections to detect the clusters in the first step of study (November 2011-March 2012). The focal depth distribution of the aftershock clusters, the migration of hypocenter activity and microseismicity clusters were analyzed and the distributional patterns of the detected clusters were assessed using the geometric distribution of the aftershock hypocenters. The spatial and temporal distribution of aftershocks reveals interesting key features of the deep rupture complexity of the Van earthquake. This study presents the results of the first detailed hypocentral observations and this is important data for future seismic hazard analyses in the study area.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • Acarel, D., Bulut, F., Bohnhoff, M., Kartal, R., (2014). Coseismic velocity change associated with the 2011 Van earthquake (Mw 7.1): crustal response to a major event. Geophys. Res. Lett. 41.
  • Altiner Y, Söhne W, Güney C, Perlt J, Wang R, Muzli M (2013) A geodetic study of the 23 October 2011 Van, Turkey earthquake. Tectonophysics 588:118-134. doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.12.005
  • An M, Feng M, Long C (2010) Deep ruptures around the hypocenter of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake deduced from aftershock observations. Tectonophysics 491:96-104. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.12.024
  • Baisch S, Ceranna L, Harjes H-P (2008) Earthquake cluster: what can we learn from waveform similarity? Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 98(6):2806–2814
  • Bayrak Y, Yadav RBS, Kalafat D, Tsapanos TM, Çınar H, Singh AP, Bayrak E, Yılmaz Ş, Öcal F, Koravos G (2013) Seismogenesis and earthquake triggering during the Van (Turkey) 2011 seismic sequence. Tectonophysics 601:163-176. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.05.008
  • Benito B, Cepeda JM, Martinez Diaz JJ (2004) Analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of the 2001 earthquakes in El Salvador. In: Rose WI, Bommer JJ, López DL, Carr MJ, Major JJ (eds) Natural hazards in El Salvador. The Geological Society of America Special Paper 375. Boulder, Colorado
  • Ben-Zion Y (2008) Collective behavior of earthquakes and faults: Continuum-discrete transitions, progressive evolutionary changes, and different dynamic regimes. Reviews of Geophysics. doi:10.1029/2008RG000260
  • Çukur D, Krastel S, Demirel-Schluter F, Demirbağ E, Imren C, Nissen F, Toker M, PaleoVan-Working Group (2013) Sedimentary evolution of Lake Van (Eastern Turkey) reconstructed from high-resolution seismic investigations. International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geol Rundsch) 102:571-585. doi:10.1007/s00531-012-0816-x
  • Çukur, D., Krastel, S., Tomonaga, Y., Schmincke, H.-U., Sumita, M., Meydan, A.F., Çağatay, M.N., Toker, M., Kim, S.-P., Kong, G.-S. & Horozal, S., (2016) Structural characteristics of the Lake Van Basin, Eastern Turkey, from high-resolution seismic reflection profiles and multibeam echosounder data: Geologic and tectonic implications, Int. J. Earth Sci. (Geol Rundsch), 106, 239-253.
  • Dewey JF, Hempton MR, Kidd WSF, Şaroğlu F, Şengör AMC (1986) Shortening of continental lithosphere: The neotectonics of Eastern Anatolia-a young collision. In: Coward MP, Ries AC (eds) Collision tectonics. Geological Society Special Publications, vol. 19. London, pp. 3-36
  • Doğan B, Karakaş A (2013), Geometry of co-seismic surface ruptures and tectonic meaning of the 23 October 2011 Mw 7.1 Van earthquake (East Anatolian Region, Turkey). J. Struct. Geol. 46:99-114
  • Doğan U, Demir DÖ, Çakir Z, Ergintav S. Ozener H, Akoğlu AM, Nalbant SS, Reilinger R (2014) Postseismic deformation following the Mw 7.2, 23 October 2011 Van earthquake (Turkey): Evidence for aseismic fault reactivation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 41:2334-2341. doi:10.1002/2014GL059291
  • Elliott JR, Copley AC, Holley R, Scharer K, Parsons B (2013) The 2011 Mw 7.1 Van (eastern Turkey) earthquake. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 118:1-19. doi:10.1002/jgrb.50117
  • Emre O, Duman TY, Ozalp S, Elmacı H (2011) 23 Ekim 2011 Van depremi saha gozlemleri ve kaynak faya ilişkin on değerlendirmeler. MTA Jeoloji Etutler Dairesi. Ankara
  • Fielding EJ, Lundgren PR, Taymaz T, Yolsal-Çevikbilen S, Owen SE (2013) Fault-Slip source models for the 2011 M 7.1 Van Earthquake in Turkey from SAR Interferometry, Pixel Offset Tracking, GPS, and Seismic Waveform Analysis. Seismological Research Letters 84(4):579-593. doi: 10.1785/0220120164
  • Gorbatov A, Kennett BLN (2003) Joint bulk-sound and shear tomography for western Pacific subduction zones. Earth Planet Sci Lett 210:527–543
  • Gori, P.D., Akinci, A., Lucente, F.P., Kılıç, T., (2014), Spatial and Temporal Variations of Aftershock Activity of the 23 October 2011 Mw 7.1 Van, Turkey, Earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America; 104 (2): 913–930. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130118
  • Görür N, Cağatay MN, Zabcı C, Sakınç M, Akkök R, Hande Ş, Örcen S (2015) The Late Quaternary Tectono-stratigraphic Evolution of the Lake Van, Turkey. Bull. Min. Res. Exp. 151:1-46
  • Gutenberg B, Richter CF (1944) Frequency of earthquakes in California. Frequency of earthquakes in California. Bulletin Seismological Society of America;34 : 185‐188.
  • Gülen L, Pınar A, Kalafat D, Özel N, Horasan G, Yılmazer M, Işıkara AM (2002) Surface fault breaks, aftershocks distribution, and rupture process of the 17 August-1999 Izmit, Turkey, earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92:230–244.
  • Harris RA, Simpson RW, Reasenberg PA (1995) Influence of static stress changes on earthquake locations in southern California. Nature 375:221-224
  • Hill DP (1977) A model for earthquake swarms. J. Geophys. Res. 82:347-352
  • Hino R, Ito S, Shiobara H, Shimamura H, Sato T, Kanazawa T, Kasahara J, Hasegawa A (2000) Aftershock distribution of the 1994 Sanriku-oki earthquake (Mw 7.7) revealed by ocean bottom seismographic observation. J. Geophys. Res. 105:21697-21710
  • Irmak TS, Doğan B, Karakaş A (2012) Source mechanism of the 23 October 603 2011 Van (Turkey) earthquake (Mw = 7.1) and aftershocks with its tectonic implications. Earth Planets Space doi:10.5047/eps.2012.05.002
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  • Karakaş A, Coruk Ö, Doğan B (2013) Engineering geologic assessment of the slope movements and liquefaction failures of the 23 October 2011 Van earthquake (Mw = 7.2). Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 13:1113-1126. doi:10.5194/nhess-13-1113-2013
  • Ketin I (1977) A short explanation about the results of observations made in the region between Lake Van and Iranian border. Bulletin of Geological Society of Turkey 20:79-85
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  • KOERI (2011-2014) Boğaziçi University, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute. http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/
  • Kutoğlu HS, Toker M, Mekik C (2016) The 3-D Strain patterns in Turkey using Geodetic velocity fields from the RTK-CORS (TR) Network. Journal of African Earth Sciences 115:246-270. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.12.002
  • Lee WHK, Lahr JC (1972) HYPO71: a computer program for determining hypocenter, magnitude and first-motion pattern of local earthquakes, U.S. Geological survey open-file report, pp. 100
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  • Mackenzie, D., Elliott, J.R., Altunel, E., Walker, R.T., Kurban, Y.C., Schwenninger, J.-L., and Parsons, B., (2016), Seismotectonics and rupture process of the Mw 7.1, 2011 Van reverse-faulting earthquake, eastern Turkey, and implications for hazard in regions of distributed shortening , Geophysical Journal International, 10.1093/gji/ggw158, 206, 1, 501-524.
  • Moro M, Cannelli V, Chini M, Bignami C, Melini D, Stramondo S, Saroli M, Picchiani M, Kyriakopoulos C, Brunori CA (2014) The October 23, 2011, Van (Turkey) earthquake and its relationship with neighbouring structures. Sci. Rep. doi:10.1038/srep03959
  • Ohnaka M, Kato A (2007) Depth dependence of constitutive law parameters for shear failure of rock at local strong areas on faults in the seismogenic crust. J. Geophys. Res. doi: 10.1029/2006JB004260
  • Omori F (1884) On the aftershocks of earthquakes. Journal College of Sciences, Imperial University 7:111-200
  • Özalp, S., Aydemir, B.S., Olgun, Ş., Şimşek, B., Elmacı, H., Evren, M., Emre, Ö., Aydın, M.B., Kurtuluş, O., Öcal, F., Can, A.Z., Yanmaz, M.N., Apa, R. & Duman, T.Y., (2016) Tectonic deformations in the quaternary deposits of the Lake Van (Edremit Bay), Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, Bull. Min. Res. Exp., 153.
  • Reasenberg P, Simpson R (1992) Response of regional seismicity to the static stress change produced by Loma Prieta Earthquake. Science 255:1687-1690 Salah, M.K., Şahin, Ş., Aydin, U., 2011. Seismic velocity and Poisson’s ratio tomography of the crust beneath East Anatolia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 40 (2011) 746–761. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.10.021.
  • Salah, M.K., Şahin, Ş., Destici, C., 2007. Seismic velocity and Poisson’s ratio tomography of the crust beneath southwest Anatolia: an insight into the occurrence of large earthquakes. Journal of Seismology 11, 415–432. doi:10.1007/s10950-007-9062-2.
  • Scholz CH (2002) The mechanics of earthquakes and faulting, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
  • Şengör AMC, Görür N, Şaroğlu F (1985) Strike-slip faulting and related basin formation in zones of tectonic escape. Turkey as a case study in Strike-slip faulting and basin formation. In: Biddle KT, Christie-Blick N (eds) Strike-slip deformation, basin formation and sedimentation. Special Publication of Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, vol. 37. Tulsa, Oklahoma, pp 227-264
  • Şengör AMC, Özeren MS, Genç C, Zor E (2003) East Anatolian high plateau as a mantle-supported, north-south shortened domal structure. Geophysical Research Letters 30(24):8045. doi:10.1029/2003GL017858
  • Şengör AMC, Özeren MS, Keskin M, Sakınç M, Özbakır AD, Kayan İ (2008) Eastern Turkish high plateau as a small Turkic-type orogen: Implications for post-collisional crust-forming processes in Turkic-type orogens. Earth-Science Reviews 90(1-2):1-48
  • Stein RS (1999) The role of stress transfer in earthquake recurrence. Nature 402:605-609
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  • Toker M (2011) Tectonic and magmatic structure of Lake Van basin and its structural evolution, Eastern Anatolia Accretionary Complex (EAAC), E-Turkey. PhD thesis, Istanbul Technical University
  • Toker, M., Şahin, Ş. (2019). Crustal Poisson’s ratio tomography and velocity modeling across tectono-magmatic lake regions of Eastern Anatolia (Turkey): New geophysical constraints for crustal tectonics, Journal of Geodynamics, 131, 101651, 1-28.
  • Toker M, Şengör AMC (2011) Van Gölü havzasının temel yapısal unsurları, tektonik ve sedimanter evrimi. Doğu Türkiye İTÜ Dergisi/D, Mühendislik 10(4):119-130.
  • Toker M, Ecevitoğlu GB (2012a) Van Gölü havzasının tektonik ve sismolojik özellikleri (6000 artçı deprem ve 180 günlük sismolojik ve sismotektonik modellenmesi), 1st edn. Anadolu University Publications, ISBN 978-975-06-1109-4, Eskişehir, Turkey (in Turkish).
  • Toker M, Ecevitoğlu GB (2012b) Shallow seismicity of the Van earthquake (ML, 7.2, 23 October 2011, Eastern Anatolia): monitoring and analysis of the seismic data. In: Proceedings of the national conference with international participation “Geosciences 2012”, Bulgarian Geological Society (BGS), Sofia, 13-14 December 2012
  • Toker M (2013) Time-dependent analysis of aftershock events and structural impacts on intraplate crustal seismicity of the Van earthquake (Mw 7.1, 23 October 2011), E-Anatolia. Central European Journal of Geosciences. 5:423-434. doi: 10.2478/s13533-012-0141-8
  • Toker M (2014) Discrete characteristics of the aftershock sequence of the 2011 Van earthquake. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 92:168-186. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.06.015.
  • Toker M (2015) Multi-clusteral nature of the 2011 Van earthquake aftershock sequence in the accretionary region of Eastern Anatolia. In: Efe R, Bizzarri C, Cürebal İ, Nyusupova GN (eds) Environment and ecology at the beginning of 21st century. St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, Sofia
  • Toker, M., (2017) The b-value analysis of aftershocks 170 days after the 23 October 2011 Van earthquake (Mw, 7.1) of the Lake Van basin, Eastern Anatolia: A new perspective on the seismic radiation and deformation characteristics. in Earthquakes - Tectonics, Hazard and Risk Mitigation, ed. Zouaghi, T.
  • Toker, M., Sengör, A.M.C., Demirel-Schluter, F., Demirbağ, E., Çukur, D., Imren, C., Niessen, F. & Group, P.-W., (2017) The structural elements and tectonics of the Lake Van basin (Eastern Anatolia) from multi-channel seismic reflection profiles, J. Afr. Earth Sci., 129, 165-178.
  • Utkucu M (2006) Implications for the water-level-change triggered moderate (M≥4.0) earthquakes in Lake Van basin, Eastern Turkey. Journal of Seismology 10:105–117. doi: 10.1007/s10950-005-9002-y
  • Utkucu M (2013) 23 October 2011 Van, Eastern Anatolia, earthquake (Mw 7.1) and seismotectonics of Lake Van Area. Journal of Seismology 7(5):23-33
  • Utkucu M, Durmuş H, Yalçın H, Budakoğlu E, Işık E (2013) Coulomb static stress changes before and after the 23 October 2011 Van, eastern Turkey, earthquake (Mw = 7.1): Implications for the earthquake hazard mitigation. Natural Hazards and Earth System Science 13:1-14. doi: 10.5194/nhess-13-1-2013
  • Wessel P, Smith WHF (1998) New, improved version of the Generic Mapping Tools released. EOS 79:579
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  • Yılmazer M (2003) Deprem kaynak parametrelerinin On-line Belirlenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 47 s, İstanbul (Turkish)
Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yer Bilimleri ve Jeoloji Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri \ Research Articles
Yazarlar

Mustafa Toker 0000-0001-9981-6605

Proje Numarası -
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Mart 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Ocak 2021
Kabul Tarihi 1 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Toker, M. (2021). THE STRUCTURAL COUPLING TO RUPTURE COMPLEXITY OF THE AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCE OF THE 2011 EARTHQUAKES IN LAKE VAN AREA (EASTERN ANATOLIA, TURKEY). Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 9(1), 27-51. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.861520