Böbrek nakli alıcılarında sağlık okuryazarlığı ve kardiyovasküler hastalık risk faktörleri hakkındaki farkındalık

Öz

Amaç: Kardiyovasküler hastalık (KVH), böbrek nakli alıcıları (BNA) arasında önde gelen ölüm nedenlerinden biridir ve hem geleneksel kardiyovasküler risk faktörlerinden hem de nakle özgü faktörlerden etkilenir. Sağlık okuryazarlığı ve egzersize ilişkin algılar, bu risklerin etkili bir şekilde yönetilmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı BNA ve sağlıklı bireylerde sağlık okuryazarlığı, KVH risk faktörlerine ilişkin farkındalık ve egzersizin yarar ve engellerine yönelik algıların karşılaştırılmasıydı. Yöntem: Çalışmaya 59 BNA ve 60 sağlıklı kontrol dahil edildi. Katılımcıların sağlık okuryazarlığı (Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği-Kısa Form), KVH risk faktörlerine ilişkin farkındalığı (KVH Risk Faktörleri Bilgi Düzeyi [KARRİF-BD]) ve egzersiz algıları (Egzersizin Faydaları/Engelleri Ölçeği [EFEÖ]) ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: BNA’ların sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyleri sağlıklı bireylere göre anlamlı derecede daha düşüktü (p<0,05) ve bu fark eğitim düzeyi dikkate alındıktan sonra da anlamlılığını korudu. Düzeltilmemiş analizlerde BNA’ların KVH risk faktörlerine ilişkin farkındalıklarının, egzersizin algılanan yararlarının ve toplam EBBS puanlarının daha düşük olduğu görüldü (p<0,05). Eğitim düzeyi kontrol edildiğinde, iki grup arasında KVH risk faktörleri farkındalığı, egzersizin yararlarına ilişkin algı ve toplam EBBS puanları açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (p>0,05). BNA’larda sağlık okuryazarlığı ile egzersizin algılanan yararları arasında pozitif yönde ilişki bulundu (p=0,042). Gruplar arasında egzersizin algılanan engelleri açısından fark gözlenmedi (p>0,05). Sonuç BNA’lar, eğitim düzeyinden bağımsız olarak sağlıklı bireylere kıyasla daha düşük sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyine sahiptir. KVH risk faktörleri bilgisi ve egzersizin yararlarına ilişkin algılardaki farklılıkların büyük ölçüde eğitim düzeyindeki farklılıklardan kaynaklandığı görülmektedir. Bu bulgular, uzun dönem kardiyovasküler riski azaltmak ve öz-yönetimi güçlendirmek amacıyla nakil sonrası bakımda sağlık okuryazarlığına duyarlı eğitim yaklaşımlarının ve kişiselleştirilmiş egzersiz rehberliğinin önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sağlık tutumu
• Böbrek transplantasyonu
• Hasta eğitimi
• Öz yönetim.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yoktur.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Araştırma Etik Kurulu tarafından 05.12.2023 tarihli ve SBA 23/275 protokol numarası ile onaylanmış kesitsel bir çalışmadır

Teşekkür

Yoktur.

Health literacy and awareness of cardiovascular disease risk factors in kidney transplant recipients

Öz

Purpose: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), and is influenced by both traditional cardiovascular risk and transplant-specific factors. Health literacy and perceptions of exercise play a crucial role in effectively managing these risks. Therefore, this study aimed to compare health literacy, awareness of CVD risk factors, and perceptions of exercise-related benefits and barriers in KTRs and healthy individuals. Methods: Fifty-nine KTRs and 60 healthy control were included. Participants’ health literacy (Health Literacy Scale–Short Form), awareness of CVD risk factors (CVD Risk Factors Knowledge Level [CARRF-KL]), and perception of exercise (the Exercise Benefits/Barriers scale (EBBS)) were evaluated. Results: KTRs demonstrated significantly lower health literacy levels than healthy individuals (p<0.001), and this difference remained significant after adjustment for educational level. In unadjusted analyses, KTRs showed lower awareness of CVD risk factors, perceived exercise benefits, and total EBBS scores (p<0.05). When educational level was controlled for, there was no significant difference between the two groups in awareness of CVD risk factors, perceived exercise benefits, and total EBBS scores (p>0.05). Health literacy was positively correlated with perceived exercise benefits in KTRs (p=0.042). No significant difference was observed between groups in perceived exercise barriers (p>0.05). Conclusion: KTRs have lower health literacy levels compared with healthy individuals, regardless of educational attainment. The disparities in knowledge of CVD risk factors and perceptions of the benefits of exercise seem to be largely explained by educational differentials. These results emphasise the necessity for health literacy–aware educational approaches and personalised exercise guidance as key elements of post-transplant care to enhance self-management and decrease long-term cardiovascular risk.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Health behavior
• Kidney transplantation
• Patient education
• Self-management.

Destekleyen Kurum

None.

Etik Beyan

This study was a cross-sectional study approved by the Hacettepe University Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee with protocol number SBA 23/275, dated 05.12.2023.

Teşekkür

None.

Kaynakça

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