Quality of life and related factors in university students during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 267 - 276, 06.01.2021

Cagla Ozkul

Öz

Purpose: The aims of this study were (1) to examine the quality of life, physical activity level, sleep quality, stress, anxiety, and depression levels, and (2) to determine the relationship between the quality of life, and these factors among university students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: The undergraduate physiotherapy students were invited in this cross-sectional survey. A total of 320 students responded to the online survey. Quality of life, physical activity level, sleep quality, stress, anxiety, and depression were assessed using the Short Form 36, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Perceived Stress Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, respectively.

Results: The physical activity levels among students were 36.6% low, 40.9% moderate, and 22.5% high. The overall prevalence of sleep disorder, moderate to high stress, mild to severe anxiety, and mild to moderate depression were 27.5%, 100%, 88.1%, and 75.6%, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the total physical activity level was associated with the mental health and general health domains (p<0.05); the sleep quality and anxiety level were associated with all the sub-domains (p<0.05); stress level was associated with all the sub-domains, except the physical functioning (p<0.05); depression level was associated with the mental health sub-domains of quality of life (p<0.05).

Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of physical inactivity, stress, anxiety, and depression were high among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, psychological support and staying physically active can help cope with these negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, University students, Quality of life, Physical activity, Mental health

Destekleyen Kurum

Destekleyen kurum bulunmamaktadır.

Teşekkür

I would like to thanks all the participants for their voluntary contributions and Prof. Dr. Arzu Guclu-Gunduz for her guidance.

Koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 salgını sırasında üniversite öğrencilerinde yaşam kalitesi ve ilişkili faktörler

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amaçları; (1) Yeni Koronavirüs Hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19) salgını sırasında üniversite öğrencilerinde yaşam kalitesini, fiziksel aktivite düzeyini, uyku kalitesini, stres, kaygı ve depresyon düzeylerini incelemek ve (2) yaşam kalitesi ile bu faktörler arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir.

Yöntem: Bu kesitsel ankete fizyoterapi bölümünde okumakta olan lisans öğrencileri davet edildi. Çevrimiçi anketi toplam 320 öğrenci yanıtladı. Yaşam kalitesi, fiziksel aktivite düzeyi, uyku kalitesi, stres, kaygı ve depresyon seviyeleri sırasıyla; Kısa Form 36, Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi, Pittsburgh Uyku Kalite İndeksi, Algılanan Stres Ölçeği, Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği kullanılarak değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri; öğrencilerin %36.6'sında düşük, %40.9'unda orta ve %22.5'inde yüksek düzeydeydi. Uyku bozukluğu prevalansı %27.5, orta-yüksek seviyedeki stres prevalansı %100, hafif-şiddetli derecede kaygı prevalansı % 88.1 ve hafif-orta derecede depresyon prevalansı ise % 75.6 olarak bulundu. Korelasyon analizi, genel fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin yaşam kalitesinin ruh sağlığı ve genel sağlık alanlarıyla (p<0.05); uyku kalitesi ve kaygı düzeyinin yaşam kalitesinin tüm alt alanlarıyla (p<0.05); stres seviyesinin yaşam kalitesinin fiziksel işlevsellik dışındaki tüm alt alanlarıyla (p<0.05); depresyon düzeyinin ise yaşam kalitesinin ruh sağlığı alt alanı ile ilişkili olduğu bulundu (p<0.05).

Sonuç: Bu çalışma COVID-19 salgını sırasında üniversite öğrencileri arasında fiziksel inaktivite, stres, kaygı ve depresyon prevalansının yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Psikolojik destek ve fiziksel olarak aktif kalmak COVID-19 pandemisinin bu olumsuz etkileri ile başa çıkmaya yardımcı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, üniversite öğrencileri, Yaşam kalitesi, Fiziksel aktivite, ruh sağlığı

Kaynakça

• 1. Organization WH. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19-11 March 2020. World Health Organization. 2020. [Internet]. [Access date 02 June 2020]. Access address: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020.
• 2. Organization WH. Overview of public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19. World Health Organization. 2020. [Internet]. [Access date 02 June 2020]. Access address: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/overview-of-public-health-and-social-measures-in-the-context-of-covid-19.
• 3. Balanza-Martinez V, Atienza-Carbonell B, Kapczinski F, et al. Lifestyle behaviours during the COVID-19 - time to connect. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2020;141:399-400.
• 4. Banerjee D, Rai M. Social isolation in Covid-19: The impact of loneliness. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;66:525-527.
• 5. Hall G, Laddu DR, Phillips SA, et al. A tale of two pandemics: How will COVID-19 and global trends in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior affect one another? Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;S0033-0620(20)30077-3.
• 6. Lippi G, Henry BM, Sanchis-Gomar F. Physical inactivity and cardiovascular disease at the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020;27:906-908.
• 7. Pecanha T, Goessler KF, Roschel H, et al. Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic can increase physical inactivity and the global burden of cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2020;318:H1441-H1446.
• 8. Zhang Y, Ma ZF. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Quality of Life among Local Residents in Liaoning Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:2381.
• 9. Hammig O. Health risks associated with social isolation in general and in young, middle and old age. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0219663.
• 10. Lee J. Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4:421.
• 11. Pfefferbaum B, North CS. Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:510-512.
• 12. Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287:112934.
• 13. Elmer T, Mepham K, Stadtfeld C. Students under lockdown: Assessing change in students’ social networks and mental health during the COVID-19 crisis. PLoS One. 2020;15:e0236337.
• 14. Odriozola-González P, Planchuelo-Gómez Á, Irurtia MJ, et al. Psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown among students and workers of a Spanish university. Psychiatry Res. 2020;290:113108.
• 15. Suryadevara V, Adusumalli C, Adusumilli PK, et al. Countrywide quarantine only mildly increased anxiety level during COVID-19 outbreak in China. MedRxiv. 2020;doi: 10.1101/2020.04.01.20041186.
• 16. Kocyigit H. Kisa Form-36 (KF-36) nin Turkce versiyonunun güvenirligi ve gecerliligi.[Validity and reliability of Turkish version of SF-36]. J Drug Ther. 1999;12:102-106.
• 17. Ware Jr JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med care. 1992;30:473-483.
• 18. Booth M. Assessment of physical activity: an international perspective. Res Q Exercıse Sport. 2000;71:114-120.
• 19. Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills. 2010;111:278-284.
• 20. Ağargün M, Kara H, Anlar O. Pittsburgh uyku kalitesi indeksinin geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1996;7:107-115.
• 21. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, et al. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28:193-213.
• 22. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24:385-396.
• 23. Eskin M, Harlak H, Demirkıran F, et al. Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. Yeni Symp. 2013;51:132-140.
• 24. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67:361-370.
• 25. Aydemir O. Hastane anksiyete ve depresyon olcegi Turkce formunun gecerlilik ve guvenilirligi. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1997;8:187-280.
• 26. Stern AF. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Occup Med (Lond). 2014;64:393-394.
• 27. Bayram N, Bilgel N. The prevalence and socio-demographic correlations of depression, anxiety and stress among a group of university students. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2008;43:667-672.
• 28. Huang, Y., Zhao, N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112954.
• 29. Nelson BW, Pettitt A, Flannery JE, et al. Rapid Assessment of Psychological and Epidemiological Predictors of COVID-19. Int J Meth Psych ReS. 2020;21:169-184.
• 30. Shevlin M, McBride O, Murphy J, et al. Anxiety, Depression, Traumatic Stress, and COVID-19 Related Anxiety in the UK General Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic. BJPsych Open. 2020;6:e125.
• 31. Yuan S, Liao Z, Huang H, et al. Comparison of the Indicators of Psychological Stress in the Population of Hubei Province and Non-Endemic Provinces in China During Two Weeks During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in February 2020. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e923767.
• 32. UNESCO. COVID-19 educational disruption and response. 2020. [Internet]. [Access date 02 June 2020]. Access address: https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationrespons.
• 33. Altena E, Baglioni C, Espie CA, et al. Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID‐19 outbreak: Practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT‐I Academy. J Sleep Res 2020;29:e13052.
• 34. Marelli S, Castelnuovo A, Somma A, et al. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on sleep quality in university students and administration staff. J Neurol 2020;July 11:1-8
• 35. Kohl 3rd HW, Craig CL, Lambert EV, et al. The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health. Lancet. 2012;380:294-305.
• 36. Savci, S, Ozturk, M, Arikan, H. Universite ögrencilerinin fiziksel aktivite duzeyleri. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2006;34:166-172.
• 37. Huckins J, Hedlund EL, Rogers C, et al. Mental Health and Behavior During the Early Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Mobile Smartphone and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study in College Students. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22:e20185.
• 38. Feng Q, Zhang QL, Du Y, et al. Associations of physical activity, screen time with depression, anxiety and sleep quality among Chinese college freshmen. PLoS One. 2014;9:e100914.
• 39. Fischer R, Karl J, Bortolini T, et al. Rapid review and meta-meta-analysis of self-guided interventions to address anxiety, depression and stress during COVID-19 social distancing. Front Psychol. 2020;11:563876.
• 40. Organization WH. Stay physically active during self-quarantine. 2020. [Internet]. [Access date 02 June 2020]. Access address: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/technical-guidance/stay-physically-active-during-self-quarantine.