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Investigation of the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence Levels and Decision-Making Skills of Primary School Students

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 52 - 73
https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.1539524

Öz

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence levels and decision-making skills of primary school students. The research was conducted using the survey model of quantitative research methods. The population of the study consisted of fourth grade primary school students studying in Ümraniye, Istanbul in the 2022-2023 academic year. The sample of the research was a total of 820 students (396 Females and 424 males), selected by convenient sampling method. In this study, data were collected using the "Personal Information Form", "Decision Making Skills Scale for Primary School Students" and "Emotional Intelligence Scale for Children". The data were analyzed by correlation analysis, independent sample t-test, and one-way Analysis of Variance in line with the sub-problems of the study. According to the results obtained from the findings of the study, it was concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between student's emotional intelligence levels and decision-making skills.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, F. (2002). Emotional intelligence and leadership. Erciyes University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 1(12), 53-68. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/erusosbilder/issue/23745/252960
  • Al-Elaimat, A., Adheisat, M., & Alomyan, H. (2020). The relationship between parenting styles and emotional intelligence of kindergarten children. Early Child Development and Care, 190(4), 478-488.
  • Baba, H. (2012). The effect of kinesthetic and emotional intelligence, internal-external locus of control on the academic success of students in Physical Education and Sports College [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Gazi University.
  • Battal, E. N. (2021). The effect of parental attitudes and family functions on the emotional intelligence of university students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa.
  • Bednar, E. D., & Fisher, T. D. (2003). Peer referencing in adolescent decision making as a function of perceived parenting style. Adolescence, 38(152), 607-621.
  • Brown, J. E., & Mann, L. (1990). The relationship between family structure and process variables and adolescent decision making. Journal of Adolescence, 13(1), 25-37. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1016/0140-1971(90)90039-A
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Erlbaum.
  • Çiçek-Akkuş, B. (2019). The relationship between aggression, emotional intelligence and birth order in 3rd and 4th grade primary school students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Erciyes University.
  • Çullu, M. S. (2019). Examining the relationship between emotional intelligence and school refusal in primary school students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Atatürk University.
  • Demirbaş-Nemli, B. (2018). An application model to improve cognitive decision-making skills of 4th grade primary school students [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Marmara University.
  • Deniz, M., & Avşaroğlu, S. (2014). Investigation of the level of explaining decision-making self-esteem and decision-making styles of university students' emotional intelligence abilities. Erzincan University Journal of Education Faculty, 16(1). https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/erziefd/issue/6013/80464
  • Ekiz, D. (2009). Scientific research methods. Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Ekinci-Vural, D. (2012). Examination of the effect of preschool education on primary education in terms of parental involvement and various variables [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Dokuz Eylül University.
  • Eldeleklioğlu, J. (1996). The relationship between decision strategies and parental attitudes [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Gazi University.
  • Erdoğdu, M. Y. (2008). Examination of emotional intelligence in terms of some variables. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 7(23), 62-76. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/esosder/issue/6137/82335
  • Ersever, H. Ö. (1996). The effects of a decision-making skills training program and the experience of an interaction group on university students' decision-making styles [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Ankara University.
  • Goleman, D. (2017). Emotional intelligence at work. Varlık Yayınları.
  • Gündüz, K. (2021). Examination of the relationship between the emotional intelligence and altruism characteristics of parents of 3rd and 4th grade primary school students and the social skill levels of their children [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Biruni University.
  • Güneypınar, Ş. (2021). Examination of the effect of fairy tale-based decision-making activities on the decision-making skill perception level of third grade primary school students: An action research [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Marmara University.
  • Güvendi, Ö. F. (2019). Examination of the relationship between emotional intelligence and decision-making skills of preschool children [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Gazi University.
  • Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Harrod, N. R., & Scheer, S. D. (2005). An exploration of adolescent emotional intelligence in relation to demographic characteristics. Adolescence, 40(159), 503-512. https://search.proquest.com/docview/195935644?accountid=8403
  • İşmen, A. E. (2001). Emotional intelligence and problem solving. Marmara University Journal of Educational Sciences, 13, 111-124. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/maruaebd/issue/366/2514
  • Janis, I. L., & Mann, L. (1977). Decision making: A psychological analysis of conflict, choice, and commitment. Free Press.
  • Kaltsounis, T. (1987). Teaching social studies in the elementary school. Prentice-Hall.
  • Karakaş-Günal, E. (1999). Developing a scale to measure decision-making skills related to solving problems in daily life of 4th and 5th grade primary school students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Çukurova University.
  • Karasar, N. (2011). Scientific research methods. Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kayhan-Aktürk, Ş. (2015). Examination of emotion regulation skills and peer relationships in preschool children [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Istanbul University.
  • Kozikoğlu, İ. (2018). Examination of the views of preschool teachers on children's rights and the right to participation of children. Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education, 7(4), 408-427. https://www.proquest.com/openview/ebc364c5733487e812b5c4d7f21e9637/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2042728
  • Köksal, A., & İşmen-Gazioğlu, A. E. (2007). The relationship between emotional intelligence and decision-making strategies in adolescents. Hasan Ali Yücel Journal of Education Faculty, 7(1), 133-146. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iuhayefd/issue/8786/109862
  • Köse, E. (2020). Examination of the effect of parental attitudes on emotional intelligence and decision-making styles in adolescents [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Yıldız Technical University.
  • Köse, N. (2009). Emotional intelligence levels of children aged 7-13 [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Ondokuz Mayıs University.
  • Küçükkaragöz, H., & Kocabaş, A. (2012). Validity and reliability of the emotional intelligence scale for children in 5th grade primary school students. 11th National Primary School Teacher Education Symposium, 24-26.
  • Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185-211. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG
  • Mayer, J. D., Perkins, D. M., Caruso, D. R., & Salovey, P. (2001). Emotional intelligence and giftedness. Roeper Review, 23(3), 131-137.
  • Öncül, B. (2013). Opinions of primary school teachers on the decision-making skills of 4th grade primary school students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Anadolu University.
  • Özeloğlu, T. (2019). Teachers' opinions and practices regarding children's participation in decision-making and decision-making in preschool period [Master’s thesis, Akdeniz University]. Council of Higher Education National Thesis Center. (Thesis No: 591788)
  • Özkan, K. (2013). Determining the opinions of preschool teachers on children's rights [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University.
  • Özkanlı, Z. (2018). The relationship between emotional intelligence levels and aggression levels of children aged 10-11 [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Ondokuz Mayıs University.
  • Özsoy, S., & Özsoy, G. (2013). Effect size reporting in educational research. Elementary Education Online, 12(2), 334-346.
  • Sağlam, H. İ., & Kaplancı, B. (2020). Examination of the responsibility levels of 4th grade primary school students in terms of various variables. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(2), 641-649. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kefdergi/issue/53175/693440
  • Savage, T. V., & Armstrong, D. G. (1996). Effective teaching in elementary social studies. Prentice-Hall.
  • Sever, İ. (2018). Examination of decision-making skills of fourth grade students according to the opinions of students and teachers [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Anadolu University.
  • Sever, İ., & Ersoy, A. (2019). Development of a decision-making skills scale for primary school students: Validity and reliability study. Çukurova University Journal of Education Faculty, 48(1), 662-692. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/cuefd/issue/44511/533443
  • Tekay Kara, R. (2022). The relationship between emotional intelligence and emotion management skills in individuals with positive childhood experiences [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Istanbul Gedik University.
  • Tekin, S., & Ulaş, A. (2016). A research on decision-making skills of 4th grade primary school students. Qualitative Studies, 11(3), 27-38. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/nwsaqual/issue/24958/263434
  • Türkmenoğlu-Ulusu, N. (2019). The relationship between emotional intelligence and decision-making strategies [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Marmara University.
  • Uçar, S. (2019). Examination of decision-making skill levels of first grade primary school students in terms of various variables [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Marmara University.
  • Ulutaş, İ. (2005). Examination of the effect of emotional intelligence training on the emotional intelligence of six-year-old children attending kindergarten [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Gazi University.
  • Woitaszewski, S. A., & Aalsma, M. C. (2004). The contribution of emotional intelligence to the social and academic success of gifted adolescents as measured by the Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale-Adolescent Version. Roeper Review, 27(1), 25-30. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02783190409554285
  • Yalçınkaya, A. (1990). Decision making in the Turkish family [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Boğaziçi University.
  • Yalın, F. A. (2021). Decision-making skills in social studies: Examination of decision-making skills of seventh grade students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Gazi University.
  • Yaşar, E. B. (2019). Examination of decision-making situations of primary school students within the scope of life science course: An action research [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Marmara University.
  • Yavuzer, H. (2004). School-age child with educational and developmental characteristics. Remzi Publishing House.
  • Yeşilyaprak, B. (2001). Emotional intelligence and its implications in education. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 25, 139-146. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kuey/issue/10371/126935
  • Yiğit, A. (2005). Prediction of decision-making behaviors of high school students according to various variables [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Ege University.
  • Yolcu, S. (2019). Examination of the effect of emotional intelligence level on problem-solving skills of primary school students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Necmettin Erbakan University. Yurdakavuştu, Y. (2012). Emotional intelligence and social skills levels in primary school students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Dokuz Eylül University.
Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 52 - 73
https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.1539524

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Acar, F. (2002). Emotional intelligence and leadership. Erciyes University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 1(12), 53-68. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/erusosbilder/issue/23745/252960
  • Al-Elaimat, A., Adheisat, M., & Alomyan, H. (2020). The relationship between parenting styles and emotional intelligence of kindergarten children. Early Child Development and Care, 190(4), 478-488.
  • Baba, H. (2012). The effect of kinesthetic and emotional intelligence, internal-external locus of control on the academic success of students in Physical Education and Sports College [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Gazi University.
  • Battal, E. N. (2021). The effect of parental attitudes and family functions on the emotional intelligence of university students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa.
  • Bednar, E. D., & Fisher, T. D. (2003). Peer referencing in adolescent decision making as a function of perceived parenting style. Adolescence, 38(152), 607-621.
  • Brown, J. E., & Mann, L. (1990). The relationship between family structure and process variables and adolescent decision making. Journal of Adolescence, 13(1), 25-37. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1016/0140-1971(90)90039-A
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Erlbaum.
  • Çiçek-Akkuş, B. (2019). The relationship between aggression, emotional intelligence and birth order in 3rd and 4th grade primary school students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Erciyes University.
  • Çullu, M. S. (2019). Examining the relationship between emotional intelligence and school refusal in primary school students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Atatürk University.
  • Demirbaş-Nemli, B. (2018). An application model to improve cognitive decision-making skills of 4th grade primary school students [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Marmara University.
  • Deniz, M., & Avşaroğlu, S. (2014). Investigation of the level of explaining decision-making self-esteem and decision-making styles of university students' emotional intelligence abilities. Erzincan University Journal of Education Faculty, 16(1). https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/erziefd/issue/6013/80464
  • Ekiz, D. (2009). Scientific research methods. Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Ekinci-Vural, D. (2012). Examination of the effect of preschool education on primary education in terms of parental involvement and various variables [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Dokuz Eylül University.
  • Eldeleklioğlu, J. (1996). The relationship between decision strategies and parental attitudes [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Gazi University.
  • Erdoğdu, M. Y. (2008). Examination of emotional intelligence in terms of some variables. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 7(23), 62-76. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/esosder/issue/6137/82335
  • Ersever, H. Ö. (1996). The effects of a decision-making skills training program and the experience of an interaction group on university students' decision-making styles [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Ankara University.
  • Goleman, D. (2017). Emotional intelligence at work. Varlık Yayınları.
  • Gündüz, K. (2021). Examination of the relationship between the emotional intelligence and altruism characteristics of parents of 3rd and 4th grade primary school students and the social skill levels of their children [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Biruni University.
  • Güneypınar, Ş. (2021). Examination of the effect of fairy tale-based decision-making activities on the decision-making skill perception level of third grade primary school students: An action research [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Marmara University.
  • Güvendi, Ö. F. (2019). Examination of the relationship between emotional intelligence and decision-making skills of preschool children [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Gazi University.
  • Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Harrod, N. R., & Scheer, S. D. (2005). An exploration of adolescent emotional intelligence in relation to demographic characteristics. Adolescence, 40(159), 503-512. https://search.proquest.com/docview/195935644?accountid=8403
  • İşmen, A. E. (2001). Emotional intelligence and problem solving. Marmara University Journal of Educational Sciences, 13, 111-124. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/maruaebd/issue/366/2514
  • Janis, I. L., & Mann, L. (1977). Decision making: A psychological analysis of conflict, choice, and commitment. Free Press.
  • Kaltsounis, T. (1987). Teaching social studies in the elementary school. Prentice-Hall.
  • Karakaş-Günal, E. (1999). Developing a scale to measure decision-making skills related to solving problems in daily life of 4th and 5th grade primary school students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Çukurova University.
  • Karasar, N. (2011). Scientific research methods. Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kayhan-Aktürk, Ş. (2015). Examination of emotion regulation skills and peer relationships in preschool children [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Istanbul University.
  • Kozikoğlu, İ. (2018). Examination of the views of preschool teachers on children's rights and the right to participation of children. Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education, 7(4), 408-427. https://www.proquest.com/openview/ebc364c5733487e812b5c4d7f21e9637/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2042728
  • Köksal, A., & İşmen-Gazioğlu, A. E. (2007). The relationship between emotional intelligence and decision-making strategies in adolescents. Hasan Ali Yücel Journal of Education Faculty, 7(1), 133-146. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iuhayefd/issue/8786/109862
  • Köse, E. (2020). Examination of the effect of parental attitudes on emotional intelligence and decision-making styles in adolescents [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Yıldız Technical University.
  • Köse, N. (2009). Emotional intelligence levels of children aged 7-13 [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Ondokuz Mayıs University.
  • Küçükkaragöz, H., & Kocabaş, A. (2012). Validity and reliability of the emotional intelligence scale for children in 5th grade primary school students. 11th National Primary School Teacher Education Symposium, 24-26.
  • Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185-211. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG
  • Mayer, J. D., Perkins, D. M., Caruso, D. R., & Salovey, P. (2001). Emotional intelligence and giftedness. Roeper Review, 23(3), 131-137.
  • Öncül, B. (2013). Opinions of primary school teachers on the decision-making skills of 4th grade primary school students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Anadolu University.
  • Özeloğlu, T. (2019). Teachers' opinions and practices regarding children's participation in decision-making and decision-making in preschool period [Master’s thesis, Akdeniz University]. Council of Higher Education National Thesis Center. (Thesis No: 591788)
  • Özkan, K. (2013). Determining the opinions of preschool teachers on children's rights [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University.
  • Özkanlı, Z. (2018). The relationship between emotional intelligence levels and aggression levels of children aged 10-11 [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Ondokuz Mayıs University.
  • Özsoy, S., & Özsoy, G. (2013). Effect size reporting in educational research. Elementary Education Online, 12(2), 334-346.
  • Sağlam, H. İ., & Kaplancı, B. (2020). Examination of the responsibility levels of 4th grade primary school students in terms of various variables. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(2), 641-649. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kefdergi/issue/53175/693440
  • Savage, T. V., & Armstrong, D. G. (1996). Effective teaching in elementary social studies. Prentice-Hall.
  • Sever, İ. (2018). Examination of decision-making skills of fourth grade students according to the opinions of students and teachers [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Anadolu University.
  • Sever, İ., & Ersoy, A. (2019). Development of a decision-making skills scale for primary school students: Validity and reliability study. Çukurova University Journal of Education Faculty, 48(1), 662-692. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/cuefd/issue/44511/533443
  • Tekay Kara, R. (2022). The relationship between emotional intelligence and emotion management skills in individuals with positive childhood experiences [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Istanbul Gedik University.
  • Tekin, S., & Ulaş, A. (2016). A research on decision-making skills of 4th grade primary school students. Qualitative Studies, 11(3), 27-38. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/nwsaqual/issue/24958/263434
  • Türkmenoğlu-Ulusu, N. (2019). The relationship between emotional intelligence and decision-making strategies [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Marmara University.
  • Uçar, S. (2019). Examination of decision-making skill levels of first grade primary school students in terms of various variables [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Marmara University.
  • Ulutaş, İ. (2005). Examination of the effect of emotional intelligence training on the emotional intelligence of six-year-old children attending kindergarten [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Gazi University.
  • Woitaszewski, S. A., & Aalsma, M. C. (2004). The contribution of emotional intelligence to the social and academic success of gifted adolescents as measured by the Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale-Adolescent Version. Roeper Review, 27(1), 25-30. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02783190409554285
  • Yalçınkaya, A. (1990). Decision making in the Turkish family [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Boğaziçi University.
  • Yalın, F. A. (2021). Decision-making skills in social studies: Examination of decision-making skills of seventh grade students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Gazi University.
  • Yaşar, E. B. (2019). Examination of decision-making situations of primary school students within the scope of life science course: An action research [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Marmara University.
  • Yavuzer, H. (2004). School-age child with educational and developmental characteristics. Remzi Publishing House.
  • Yeşilyaprak, B. (2001). Emotional intelligence and its implications in education. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 25, 139-146. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kuey/issue/10371/126935
  • Yiğit, A. (2005). Prediction of decision-making behaviors of high school students according to various variables [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Ege University.
  • Yolcu, S. (2019). Examination of the effect of emotional intelligence level on problem-solving skills of primary school students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Necmettin Erbakan University. Yurdakavuştu, Y. (2012). Emotional intelligence and social skills levels in primary school students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Dokuz Eylül University.
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sınıf Eğitimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Halil İbrahim Sağlam 0000-0002-3341-2576

Aytül Oğur Bu kişi benim 0009-0005-8746-9921

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 16 Aralık 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi 16 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Sağlam, H. İ., & Oğur, A. (2024). Investigation of the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence Levels and Decision-Making Skills of Primary School Students. Journal of Family Counseling and Education, 9(2), 52-73. https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.1539524
AMA Sağlam Hİ, Oğur A. Investigation of the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence Levels and Decision-Making Skills of Primary School Students. JFCE. Aralık 2024;9(2):52-73. doi:10.32568/jfce.1539524
Chicago Sağlam, Halil İbrahim, ve Aytül Oğur. “Investigation of the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence Levels and Decision-Making Skills of Primary School Students”. Journal of Family Counseling and Education 9, sy. 2 (Aralık 2024): 52-73. https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.1539524.
EndNote Sağlam Hİ, Oğur A (01 Aralık 2024) Investigation of the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence Levels and Decision-Making Skills of Primary School Students. Journal of Family Counseling and Education 9 2 52–73.
IEEE H. İ. Sağlam ve A. Oğur, “Investigation of the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence Levels and Decision-Making Skills of Primary School Students”, JFCE, c. 9, sy. 2, ss. 52–73, 2024, doi: 10.32568/jfce.1539524.
ISNAD Sağlam, Halil İbrahim - Oğur, Aytül. “Investigation of the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence Levels and Decision-Making Skills of Primary School Students”. Journal of Family Counseling and Education 9/2 (Aralık 2024), 52-73. https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.1539524.
JAMA Sağlam Hİ, Oğur A. Investigation of the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence Levels and Decision-Making Skills of Primary School Students. JFCE. 2024;9:52–73.
MLA Sağlam, Halil İbrahim ve Aytül Oğur. “Investigation of the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence Levels and Decision-Making Skills of Primary School Students”. Journal of Family Counseling and Education, c. 9, sy. 2, 2024, ss. 52-73, doi:10.32568/jfce.1539524.
Vancouver Sağlam Hİ, Oğur A. Investigation of the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence Levels and Decision-Making Skills of Primary School Students. JFCE. 2024;9(2):52-73.