Phytochemical profile and pharmaceutical properties of mulberry fruits

Abstract

The fruits of Morus species from the Mulberry family (Moraceae) are traditionally consumed widely due to their positive effects on health. The interest about its health effect are increasing due to its rich content of bioactive components (flavonol, anthocyanin, flavanonol, phenolic acids, alkaloids), minerals (potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium), vitamins (vitamin B1 and folic acid), oils (linoleic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid) and melatonin. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that the fruits have positive health effects such as anti-diabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antiparkinsonian, anti-tumor/anti-cancer, antimicrobial and immune-enhancing effects due to the bioactive components. In addition, mulberry fruit are traditionally consumed for their diabetes, hypertension, liver, kidney damage, and eye improvement effects. However, there is only limited clinical studies about the pharmacological properties of mulberry fruits whereas more in vitro research are present. In this review, the phytochemical profile, in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of Morus alba, Morus rubra, and Morus nigra fruits were investigated. 

Keywords

• Morus alba
• Morus rubra
• Morus nigra
• Phytochemical compounds
• Pharmacological properties

Dut meyvesinin fitokimyasal profili ve farmakolojik özellikleri

Öz

Dutgiller (Moraceae) familyasından Morus türlerinin meyveleri geleneksel olarak sağlık üzerine olumlu etkileri dolayısıyla yaygın olarak tüketilmektedirler. İçerdiği biyoaktif bileşenler (flavonol, antosiyanin, flavanonol, fenolik asitler, alkoloitler), mineraller, (potasyum, kalsiyum, sodyum ve magnezyum), vitaminler (B1 vitamini ve folik asit), yağlar (linoleik asit, palmitik asit, oleik asit) ve melatoninlerden dolayı birçok araştırmaya konu olmuştur. Yapılan in vitro ve in vivo araştırmalarda meyvelerindeki biyoaktif bileşenlerden dolayı antidiyabetik, antioksidan, nöroprotektif, hipolipidemik, anti-obezite, anti-inflamatuar, hepatoprotektif, antiparkinson, anti-tümör/ anti-kanser, antimikrobiyal ve bağışıklığı arttırıcı etki gibi sağlık üzerine olumlu etkilerinin bulunduğu bildirilmiştir. Ayrıca, geleneksel bitkisel ilaç olarak tüketilen dut; diyabet, hipertansiyon, karaciğer, böbrek hasarı ve göz hastalığı tedavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak dut meyvelerinin farmakolojik özelliklerinin incelendiği in vitro çalışmalar daha yaygınken in vivo (hayvan ve klinik) çalışmalar ise sınırlı sayıdadır. Bu derlemede, Morus alba, Morus rubra ve Morus nigra meyvelerinin fitokimyasal profili ile in vitro ve in vivo farmakolojik özellikleri incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Morus alba
• Morus rubra
• Fitokimyasal bileşenler
• Farmasötik özellikler
• Morus alba
• Morus rubra
• Morus nigra
• Phytochemical compounds
• Pharmacological properties

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