Otizm spektrum bozukluğu tanılı çocukların beslenme davranışları, beslenme sorunları ve öğün düzeni: Kesitsel bir çalışma

Öz

Otizm spektrum bozukluğunda (OSB) çeşitli beslenme sorunları yaşanmaktadır ve prognozu etkileyebileceğinden beslenme sorunlarının ciddiyetinin değerlendirilmesi önem taşımaktadır. Bu araştırma, OSB’li çocukların beslenme davranışlarını, sorunlarını ve öğün düzenini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yaşları 3-11 yıl arasında olan 50 OSB’li çocuk ve 50 sağlıklı çocuk ile yürütülmüştür. Beslenme davranışları, sorunları ve öğün düzenleri anket formu ile değerlendirilmiş, çocukların öğün zamanında davranış ve beslenme sorunlarını saptamak için ise Otizm Öğün Davranış Kısa Ölçeği (BAMBI) kullanılmıştır. OSB’li çocukların öğün düzeni ve sayısı bakımından sağlıklı akranlarıyla benzerlik gösterdiği, %92,0’sinin ana ve ara olmak üzere toplam öğünlerinin düzenli ve günlük toplam (ana ve ara) öğün sayısının 4,9±0,89 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. OSB’li çocukların yarısının iştahının normal düzeyde olduğu, %58,0’inin tüketmediği besinler olduğu ve %54,0’ünün çok sevdiği yiyeceği yemesine izin verilmediğinde ağlama krizi/öfke nöbeti geçirdiği bildirilmiştir. OSB’li çocukların BAMBI toplam puanı 49,0±8,87 olarak bulunmuştur. Tüketmediği besinlerin varlığı OSB’li çocuklarda daha sık karşılaşılmış olup (p<0,05), 5-7 yaş OSB’li çocukların %71,4’ünün, sekiz yaş ve üzeri OSB’li çocukların %66,7’sinin beslenme sorunu yaşadığı saptanmıştır. Beslenme sorunları, besin reddi, besin takıntısı/seçiciliği, yeme esnasında ağlama krizleri/öfke nöbetleri OSB’li çocuklarda sağlıklı akranlarına kıyasla daha sık görülmektedir (p<0,05). Probiyotik, çinko, kalsiyum, demir, magnezyum, selenyum, B12 vitamini takviyesi kullanımı OSB’li çocuklarda daha yaygındır (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak çalışmamızın bulguları OSB’li çocukların beslenme sorunlarının ciddiyetini doğrulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Otizm spektrum bozukluğu
• Beslenme sorunları
• Beslenme davranışları
• Öğün düzeni
• Besin takviyesi

Nutritional behaviours, feeding problems and meal patterns of children diagnosed with autism Spectrum disorder: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Various nutritional problems are experienced in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and it is important to evaluate the severity of feeding problems as it may affect the prognosis. This study was conducted to determine the nutritional behaviours, feeding problems, and meal patterns of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It was conducted with 50 children with ASD and 50 healthy children aged between 3-11 years. Nutritional behaviours, feeding problems, and meal patterns were assessed using a questionnaire, and the Brief Autism Mealtime Behaviour Inventory (BAMBI) was employed to evaluate children's mealtime behaviour and feeding problems. It was determined that children with ASD were similar to their healthy peers in terms of meal patterns and frequency, and 92.0% of them had regular meals. The total number of daily meals (main and snack) was 4.9±0.89. It was found that half of the children with ASD had a normal appetite, 58.0% had foods they did not consume, and 54.0% had a crying fit/tantrum when they were not allowed to eat their favorite food. The total BAMBI score of the children with ASD was found to be 49.0±8.87. The presence of unconsumed foods was encountered more frequently in children with ASD (p<0.05), and it was determined that 71.4% of children with ASD aged 5-7 years and 66.7% of children with ASD aged eight years and above had nutritional problems. Feeding problems, food refusal, food obsession/selectivity, crying fits/tantrums during eating were more common in children with ASD compared to their healthy peers (p<0.05). Probiotics, zinc, calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium and vitamin B12 supplements are more common in children with ASD (p<0.05). In conclusion, the findings of our study confirm the seriousness of nutritional problems in children with ASD.

Keywords

• Autism spectrum disorder
• Feeding problems
• Nutritional behaviors
• Meal pattern
• Nutritional supplements

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