Extraction of bioactive compounds from food processing industry by-products (apple, pomegranate, black carrot pulps): An examination of their biochemical and microbiological properties

Abstract

After food industrial utilisation of fruits and vegetables, by-products and/or wastes are formed; the aim is to recover these high-content by-products. In this study, the extraction of bioactive compounds from recycled waste food products (black carrot pulp, apple pulp, and pomegranate pulp) was investigated in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), ABTS and DPPH antioxidant activities, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibitory activity. The antimicrobial activity of these wastes against 9 different microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Cronobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Escherichia coli Type 1, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Bacillus spp.) was established by applying the disc diffusion method and determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). According to the results, the extract obtained from pomegranate pulp exhibited the most powerful DPPH (IC50 = 55.40 µg/mL and I% = 48.5) and ABTS (IC50 = 39.54 µg/mL and I% = 73.75) activities. Moreover, pomegranate pulp extract showed the highest inhibition against S. typhimurium (12.75 ±0.1mm in 20 µL). PPO was effectively inhibited by apple pulp extract (IC50 = 27.76 µg/mL). Based on all the results, most extracts from food industry by-products can be used as inhibitors to prevent enzymatic browning and as natural antimicrobials against many microorganisms.

Keywords

• Antimicrobial
• Antioxidant
• By-Product extracts
• Polyphenol oxidase inhibitory

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