DETERMINATION OF UREAPLASMA UREALYTICUM AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY IN SEXUALLY ACTIVE WOMEN WITH DIFFERENT METHODS

Öz

Objective: In this study, the presence of Ureaplasma urealyticum (U.urealyticum) in vaginal and urine samples taken from sexually active women was investigated and antibiotic susceptibilities were determined with culturing bacteria and using kits.

Material and Method: The vaginal and urine samples taken from 110 women who applied to Başkent University Ankara Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic were included in this study. U. urealyticum was investigated by the culture method with using two different test kits [Mycoplasma IES (IES-Autobio, China) and Mycoplasma IST2 (IST2) Biomereux, France] and Mycoplasma Agar. Antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates were also determined.

Result and Discussion: We compared the results of (IES) and (IST2) used for U. urealyticum detection in 220 clinical samples. U. urealyticum was found to be positive in 82 (74,5%) by classical culture method. U. urealyticum was detected at a rate of 46.8% with the IST 2 and 53.6% with the IES. As a result of the comparison of culture method and commercial kits,it was determined that the IES kit provides a fast and accurate identification in the detection of U.urealyticum,a fast and reliable result in the detection of antibiotic resistance.A significant difference was found in the detection rate of U. urealyticum of the IES compared to the other commercial kit.It was observed that the detection rate of U. urealyticum with the kit from vaginal were significantly higher than urine samples.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antibiotic susceptibility
• commercial kit
• culture
• U. urealyticum

CİNSEL YÖNDEN AKTİF KADINLARDA UREAPLASMA UREALYTİCUM VE ANTİBİYOTİK DUYARLILIĞININ FARKLI YÖNTEMLERLE BELİRLENMESİ

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, cinsel yönden aktif kadınlardan alınan vajinal ve idrar örneklerinde Ureaplasma urealyticum (U.urealyticum) varlığı, kültür ve kitlerle araştırılmış, ticari kitler kullanılarak da antibiyotik duyarlılıkları belirlenmiştir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Başkent Üniversitesi Ankara Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği'ne başvuran 110 kadından alınan vajinal ve idrar örnekleri ile çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. U. urealyticum’un Mycoplasma IES (IES-Autobio, China) ve Mycoplasma IST2 (IST2- Biomereux, Fransa) olarak bilinen iki farklı test kiti ile tespiti yapılmış ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Mycoplasma Agar kullanılarak kültür yöntemiyle de varlığı araştırılmıştır.

Sonuç ve Tartışma: U. urealyticum tespiti için 220 klinik örnek kullanılmıştır. IES ve IST2 ticari kitleri kullanılarak yapılan tespit sonuçları ile Mycoplasma Agar besiyeri kullanılarak klasik kültür yöntemi ile yapılan çalışma sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Buna göre; kültür yöntemiyle 82 (%74,5) hastada U. urealyticum pozitif bulunmuş olup, U.urealyticum, IST 2 ile %46,8, IES ile (%53,6) oranında tespit edilmiştir. Kültür yöntemi ile ticari kitlerin karşılaştırılması sonucunda, IES kitinin U. urealyticum tespitinde ve antibiyotik duyarlılıklarının saptanmasında hızlı ve doğru bir tanımlama sağladığı sonucuna varılmıştır. IES kitinin U. urealyticum tespit oranında diğer ticari kite göre anlamlı derecede iyi tespit yaptığı ortaya konmuş olup, vajinal örneklerden U. urealyticum tespit oranının, idrar örneklerinden anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antibiyotik duyarlılığı
• kültür
• ticari kit
• U. urealyticum

Kaynakça

1. 1. Ozturk, S., Yildiz, S., Dursun, P., Yener Ilce, B., & Kaymaz, O. (2019). Mycoplasma hominis profile in women: Culture, kit, molecular diagnosis, antimicrobial resistance, and treatment. Microb Pathog, 135, 103635. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103635. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103635].
2. 2. Song, T., Liu, Z., Zhang, Y., Han, Y., & Huang, J. (2019). Detection of Ureaplasma spp. serovars in genital tract of infertile males. J Clin Lab Anal, 33(5), e22865. doi:10.1002/jcla.22865. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fjcla.22865].
3. 3. Lee, J. Y., & Yang, J. S. (2020). Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma Species in Nonpregnant Female Patients in South Korea Indicate an Increasing Trend of Pristinamycin-Resistant Isolates. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 64(10),e01065-20.https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01065-20.
4. 4. Miyoshi, Y., Suga, S., Sugimi, S., Kurata, N., Yamashita, H., & Yasuhi, I. (2020). Vaginal Ureaplasma urealyticum or Mycoplasma hominis and preterm delivery in women with threatened preterm labor. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 1-6. doi:10.1080/14767058.2020.1733517. [https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2020.1733517].
5. 5. Edward, D. f. (1954). The pleuropneumonia group of organisms: a review, together with some new observations. Microbiology, 10(1), 27-64. [https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-10-1-27].
6. 6. Altındiş, M., & Tanır, H. M. (2001). Vajinal Akıntısı Olan Kadınlarda Mycoplasma Hominis Ve Ureaplasma Urealytıcum Sıklığının Ve Antimikrobiyallere Direnç Durumlarının Saptanması. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 58(1), 15-20.
7. 7. Shepard, M. C., & Lunceford, C. D. (1970). Urease color test medium U-9 for the detection and identification of “T” mycoplasmas in clinical material. Applied Microbiology, 20(4), 539.
8. 8. Wayne, P. (2011). Clinical and laboratory standards institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

9. 9. Zhao, F., Feng, X., Lv, P., Xu, X., & Zhao, Z. (2020). Real-time PCR assay may be used to verify suspicious test results of Ureaplasmas spp. from the liquid culture method. J Microbiol Methods, 169, 105831. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105831. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105831].
10. 10. Frølund, M., Björnelius, E., Lidbrink, P., Ahrens, P., & Jensen, J. S. (2014). Comparison between culture and a multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay detecting Ureaplasma urealyticum and U. parvum. PLoS One, 9(7), e102743. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102743].
11. 11. Sleha, R., Boštíková, V., Hampl, R., Salavec, M., Halada, P., Štěpán, M., Novotná, Š., Kukla, R., Slehová, E., Kacerovský, M., & Boštík, P. (2016). Prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in women undergoing an initial infertility evaluation. Výskyt Mycoplasma hominis a  Ureaplasma urealyticum u žen s poruchou fertility. Epidemiologie, mikrobiologie, imunologie : casopis Spolecnosti pro epidemiologii a mikrobiologii Ceske lekarske spolecnosti J.E. Purkyne, 65(4), 232–237. PMID: 28078900.
12. 12. Tüzemen, N. Ü., Efe, K., & Özakın, C. (2017). Mycoplasma hominis ve Ureaplasma urealyticum: Ürogenital Sistem İnfeksiyonlarındaki Yeri ve Antibiyotik Direnç Oranlarının Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. Paper presented at the Presented at the 4th National Congress of Clinical Microbiology.
13. 13. D'Inzeo, T., De Angelis, G., Fiori, B., Menchinelli, G., Liotti, F. M., Morandotti, G. A., . . . Spanu, T. (2017). Comparison of Mycoplasma IES, Mycofast Revolution and Mycoplasma IST2 to detect genital mycoplasmas in clinical samples. J Infect Dev Ctries, 11(1), 98-101. doi:10.3855/jidc.8039. [https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.8039].
14. 14. Kilic, D., Basar, M. M., Kaygusuz, S., Yilmaz, E., Basar, H., & Batislam, E. (2004). Prevalence and treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma hominis in patients with non-gonococcal urethritis. Japanese journal of infectious diseases, 57(1), 17–20. PMID: 14985631.
15. 15. Nulens, E., Van Praet, J., Selleslag, D., Van Landschoot, T., Dekeyzer, D., Descheemaecker, P., & Reynders, M. (2016). A disseminated Mycoplasma hominis infection in a patient with an underlying defect in humoral immunity. Infection, 44(3), 379–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-015-0859-6. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-015-0859-6].
16. 17. Skiljevic, D., Mirkov, D., & Vukicevic, J. (2016). Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in genital samples collected over 6 years at a Serbian university hospital. Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology, 82(1), 37–41. https://doi.org/10.4103/0378-6323.172903 [https://doi.org/10.4103/0378-6323.172903].
17. 18. De Francesco, M. A., Caracciolo, S., Bonfanti, C., & Manca, N. (2013). Incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum isolated in Brescia, Italy, over 7 years. Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, 19(4), 621–627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10156-012-0527-z. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10156-012-0527-z].
18. 19. Longdoh, N. A., Gregory, H.-E. E., Djeumako, W. A., Nguedia, A. J.-C., Francois-Xavier, M.-K., & Tebit, K. E. (2018). The Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in Pregnant Women in Three District Hospitals in Douala, Cameroon. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 1-11. [http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2011.e16].
19. 20. Koh, E., Kim, S., Kim, I. S., Maeng, K. Y., & Lee, S. (2009). Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in pregnant women. Korean J Clin Microbiol, 12(4), 15-162. [https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.159].
20. 21. Jang, Y. S., Min, J. W., & Kim, Y. S. (2019). Positive culture rate and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Obstet Gynecol Sci, 62(2), 127-133. doi:10.5468/ogs.2019.62.2.127. [http://doi.org/10.5468/ogs.2019.62.2.127].
21. 22. Bayraktar, M. R., Ozerol, I. H., Gucluer, N., & Celik, O. (2010). Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in pregnant women. Int J Infect Dis, 14(2), e90-95. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2009.03.020. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2009.03.020].