YENİ NESİL LİPİT BAZLI İLAÇ TAŞIYICI SİSTEMLER: LİPİT NANOKAPSÜLLER

Öz

Amaç: Nanopartiküler ilaç taşıyıcı sistemler, boyuta bağlı özelliklerinden dolayı giderek artan şekilde ilgi görmektedir. Bu sistemler arasında polimerik nanopartiküller ve lipozomlar en popüler nanotaşıyıcılardandır; ancak bu sistemlerde görülen düşük stabilite, kısa raf ömrü, hazırlanmasında organik çözücü kullanımı, ölçek büyütmenin zor olması gibi dezavantajların üstesinden gelmek için araştırmacılar lipit bazlı nanotaşıyıcılara yönelmiştir. Yeni nesil lipidik taşıyıcılardan olan lipid nanokapsüller (LNC), hidrofilik ve lipofilik sert bir surfaktan kabuk ile çevrelenmiş yağlı sıvı çekirdekten oluşan sistemlerdir ve polimerik nanokapsüller ile lipozomlar arasında yer alan hibrit bir yapıya sahiptirler. Bu derleme kapsamında LNC’ler hakkında genel bilgiler, hazırlama yöntemi ve uygulama yollarına ilişkin bilimsel çalışmalar sunulmuştur.

Sonuç ve Tartışma: Tüm bileşenleri FDA onaylı olan LNC'ler, organik çözücü içermeyen, düşük enerji tüketimli ve ölçek büyütmeye elverişli patentli bir üretim teknolojisi olan faz inversiyon yöntemiyle kolayca hazırlanabilmektedir. Bu yöntem ile 20-100 nm partikül büyüklüklerinde ve dar bir dağılım aralığında elde edilen LNC'ler yüksek etkin madde yükleme kapasitesine sahip olmaları, yüzey modifikasyonuna elverişli olmaları, yüzeyindeki polietilen glikol zincirleri sayesinde uzun süre kan dolaşımında kalabilmeleri ve fiziksel stabilitelerinin yüksek olması (18 aya kadar) gibi çok sayıda avantaja sahiptirler. LNC'lerin, lipofilik, amfifilik ve hidrofilik özellikteki pek çok etkin madde için oral, parenteral, topikal, pulmuner yollar gibi çeşitli uygulama yolları kullanılarak farklı farmasötik uygulamalarda kullanılması onların potansiyel ilaç taşıyıcı sistemler olduğunu göstermektedir. Sahip oldukları bu üstün özellikler sayesinde LNC’ler başta lipozomlar ve polimerik nanokapsüller olmak üzere ilaç taşıyıcı sistemlerde gözlenen dezavantajların üstesinden gelerek umut verici alternatif yeni nesil ilaç taşıyıcı sistemler olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lipit bazlı ilaç taşıyıcı sistemler
• lipit nanokapsüller
• faz inversiyon yöntemi

NEW GENERATION LIPID-BASED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: LIPID NANOCAPSULES

Öz

Objective: Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are attracting increasing attention due to their size-dependent properties. Among these systems, polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes are the most popular nanocarriers, but to overcome the disadvantages such as low stability, short shelf life, use of organic solvents in preparation, and difficulty in scale-up, researchers have turned to lipid-based nanocarriers. Lipid nanocapsules (LNCs), one of the new generation lipidic carriers, are nanoparticular systems consisting of an oily liquid core surrounded by a hydrophilic and lipophilic rigid surfactant shell. Their structure is a hybrid nature between liposomes and polymeric nanocapsules. In this review, general information about LNCs, preparation method and scientific studies on application methods are presented.

Result and Discussion: With all components FDA-approved, LNCs can be easily prepared using the phase inversion method, a patented production technology that does not contain any organic solvents, has low energy consumption and is suitable for scale-up. LNCs obtained by this method with particle sizes of 20-100 nm and a narrow size distribution range has many advantages such as having a high drug loading capacity, being suitable for surface modification, being able to stay in the blood circulation for a long time due to the polyethylene glycol chains on the surface, and high physical stability (upwards to 18 months). The use of LNCs in different pharmaceutical applications using various routes of administration such as oral, parenteral, topical, pulmonary routes for many active substances with lipophilic, amphiphilic and hydrophilic properties shows that they are potential drug delivery systems. As a result of these superior properties, LNCs emerge as promising alternative new generation drug delivery systems by overcoming the disadvantages observed in drug delivery systems, especially liposomes and polymeric nanocapsules.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lipid-based drug delivery systems
• lipid nanocapsules
• phase inversion process

Kaynakça

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