QUERCUS MACRANTHERA SUBSP. SYSPIRENSIS (K. KOCH) MENITSKY’İN DAL VE YAPRAK EKSTRELERİNİN FİTOKİMYASAL ANALİZİ VE ANTİBAKTERİYEL AKTİVİTESİ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA

Yıl 2022, , 160 - 169, 29.01.2022

Merve Eylül Kıymacı , Kenan Can Tok , Muhammed Mesud Hürkul

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1034549

Cited By: 3

Öz

Amaç: Meşe türleri dünya genelinde geleneksel kullanımı olan tıbbi bitkilerdendir. Tanen bakımından oldukça zengin olan bu türlerin içerdikleri polifenolik bileşikler açısından antibakteriyel ajan olarak potansiyelleri vardır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye için endemik olan Quercus macranthera subsp. syspirensis’in dal ve yapraklarının antibakteriyel potansiyeli ve fitokimyasal içeriği araştırılmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bitki materyalleri 2020 yılında Araç'tan (Kastamonu/Türkiye) toplanmıştır. Kurutulmuş ve toz haline getirilmiş dal ve yapraklardan metanol ekstreleri hazırlanmıştır. Antibakteriyel aktivite, minimum inhibisyon konsantrasyonu (MIC) olarak sıvı mikrodilüsyon yöntemiyle, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 ve Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 mikroorganizmaları üzerine test edilmiştir. Ekstrelerin GC-MS analizi, Agilent 5973N dört kutuplu kütle spektrometresi (Agilent, ABD) ile donatılmış bir Agilent 6890 gaz kromatografı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Bileşikler, numunenin kütle spektrum oranı NIST 2014 Kütle Spektral Kütüphanesinde bulunan verilerle karşılaştırılarak tanımlanmıştır.

Sonuç ve Tartışma: Sonuç olarak, dal ekstrelerinin yaprak ekstrelerinden daha etkili olduğu bulundu ve her iki ekstrenin de en yüksek antibakteriyel aktiviteyi Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 suşuna karşı gösterdiği belirlendi. Ekstreler ayrıca diğer test suşları üzerinde değişen konsantrasyonlarda aktivite gösterdi.      

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antibakteriyel, GC-MS, dal, yaprak, Quercus macranthera subsp. syspirensis

A STUDY ON PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF QUERCUS MACRANTHERA SUBSP. SYSPIRENSIS (K. KOCH) MENITSKY BRANCH AND LEAF EXTRACTS

Öz

Objective: Oak species are medicinal plants with traditional use around the world. These species, which are very rich in tannins, have potential as antibacterial agents in terms of the polyphenolic compounds content. In this study, the antibacterial potential and phytochemical content of the branches and leaves of Quercus macranthera subsp. syspirensis, which is endemic to Turkey, were investigated.

Material and Method: Plant materials were collected from Araç (Kastamonu/Turkey) in 2020. Methanol extracts were prepared from dried and powdered branches and leaves. The antibacterial activity test was evaluated by broth microdilution method as a minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. The GC-MS analysis of extracts were performed using an Agilent 6890 gas chromatograph equipped with an Agilent 5973N quadrupole mass spectrometer (Agilent, USA). The compounds were identified by comparing the mass spectrum ratio of the sample with the data available in NIST 2014 Mass Spectral Library.

Result and Discussion: As a result, it was found that the branch extracts were more effective than the leaf extracts and both branch and leaf extracts showed the highest activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 strain (48.8 µg/ml, 97.6 µg/ml, respectively). The extracts also showed antibacterial activity at varying concentrations on other test strains.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antibacterial, branch, GC-MS, leaf, Quercus macranthera subsp. syspirensis

Kaynakça

• 1. Mahizan, N. A., Yang, S. K., Moo, C. L., Song, A. A., Chong, C. M., Chong, C. W., Abushelaibi, A., Lim, S. E., Lai, K. S. (2019). Terpene Derivatives as a Potential Agent against Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Pathogens. Molecules, 24(14), 2631. [CrossRef]
• 2. Morales, D. (2021). Oak trees (Quercus spp.) as a source of extracts with biological activities: A narrative review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 109, 116-125. [CrossRef]
• 3. POWO. (2021). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org Accessed: 21.11.2021.
• 4. Buche, G., Colas, C., Fougère, L., Giordanengo, T., Destandau, E. (2020). Untargeted UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐HRMS based determination of discrimating compounds for oak species Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea Liebl. identification. Phytochemical Analysis, 32(5), 660-671. [CrossRef]
• 5. Evans, W. (2002). Trease and Evans pharmacognosy (15th ed.). WB Saunders.
• 6. Marinov, M. G., Dimitrova, E. D., Puech, J. L. (1997). Kinetics of ellagitannin extraction from oak wood using white wine. Journal of Wine Research, 8(1), 29-40. [CrossRef]
• 7. Perez, A. J., Pecio, Ł., Kowalczyk, M., Kontek, R., Gajek, G., Stopinsek, L., Mirt, I., Oleszek, W., Stochmal, A. (2017). Triterpenoid components from oak heartwood (Quercus robur) and their potential health benefits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65(23), 4611-4623. [CrossRef]
• 8. Ricci, A., Parpinello, G. P., Palma, A. S., Teslić, N., Brilli, C., Pizzi, A., Versari, A. (2017). Analytical profiling of food-grade extracts from grape (Vitis vinifera sp.) seeds and skins, green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves and Limousin oak (Quercus robur) heartwood using MALDI-TOF-MS, ICP-MS and spectrophotometric methods. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 59, 95-104. [CrossRef]
• 9. Şöhretoğlu, D., Sakar, M. K. (2004). Polyphenolic constituents and biological activities of Quercus species. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, 33(3), 183-215.
• 10. Vivas, N., Nonier, M. F., de Gaulejac, N. V., de Boissel, I. P. (2004). Occurrence and partial characterization of polymeric ellagitannins in Quercus petraea Liebl. and Q. robur L. wood. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 7(8-9), 945-954. [CrossRef]
• 11. Bulut, G., Haznedaroğlu, M. Z., Doğan, A., Koyu, H., Tuzlacı, E. (2017). An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Acipayam (Denizli-Turkey). Journal of Herbal Medicine, 10, 64-81. [CrossRef]
• 12. Cakilcioglu, U., Turkoglu, I. (2010). An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Sivrice (Elazığ-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 132(1), 165-175. [CrossRef]
• 13. Senkardes, I., Tuzlaci, E. (2014). Some Ethnobotanical Notes from Gundogmus District (Antalya/Turkey). Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 4(2), 63.
• 14. Sargin, S. A. (2021). Plants used against obesity in Turkish folk medicine: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113841. [CrossRef]
• 15. Sargın, S. A., Akçicek, E., Selvi, S. (2013). An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the local people of Alaşehir (Manisa) in Turkey. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 150(3), 860-874. [CrossRef]
• 16. Sargin, S. A., Selvi, S., Büyükcengiz, M. (2015). Ethnomedicinal plants of Aydıncık district of Mersin, Turkey. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 174, 200-216. [CrossRef]
• 17. Polat, R., Cakilcioglu, U., Satıl, F. (2013). Traditional uses of medicinal plants in Solhan (Bingöl-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 148(3), 951-963. [CrossRef]
• 18. Kültür, Ş. (2007). Medicinal plants used in Kırklareli province (Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 111(2), 341-364. [CrossRef]
• 19. Sezik, E., Yeşilada, E., Honda, G., Takaishi, Y., Takeda, Y., Tanaka, T. (2001). Traditional medicine in Turkey X. Folk medicine in central Anatolia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 75(2-3), 95-115. [CrossRef]
• 20. Carrió, E., Vallès, J. (2012). Ethnobotany of medicinal plants used in eastern Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Mediterranean Sea). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 141(3), 1021-1040. [CrossRef]
• 21. Gilca, M., Tiplica, G. S., Salavastru, C. M. (2018). Traditional and ethnobotanical dermatology practices in Romania and other Eastern European countries. Clinics in Dermatology, 36(3), 338-352. [CrossRef]
• 22. Leporatti, M. L., Ivancheva, S. (2003). Preliminary comparative analysis of medicinal plants used in the traditional medicine of Bulgaria and Italy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 87(2-3), 123-142. [CrossRef]
• 23. Sõukand, R., Pieroni, A. (2016). The importance of a border: medical, veterinary, and wild food ethnobotany of the Hutsuls living on the Romanian and Ukrainian sides of Bukovina. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 185, 17-40. [CrossRef]
• 24. Šarić-Kundalić, B., Dobeš, C., Klatte-Asselmeyer, V., Saukel, J. (2010). Ethnobotanical study on medicinal use of wild and cultivated plants in middle, south and west Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 131(1), 33-55. [CrossRef]
• 25. Alkofahi, A., Atta, A. H. (1999). Pharmacological screening of the anti-ulcerogenic effects of some Jordanian medicinal plants in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 67(3), 341-345. [CrossRef]
• 26. Andrenšek, S., Simonovska, B., Vovk, I., Fyhrquist, P., Vuorela, H., Vuorela, P. (2004). Antimicrobial and antioxidative enrichment of oak (Quercus robur) bark by rotation planar extraction using ExtraChrom®. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 92(2), 181-187. [CrossRef]
• 27. Berahou, A., Auhmani, A., Fdil, N., Benharref, A., Jana, M., Gadhi, C. A. (2007). Antibacterial activity of Quercus ilex bark's extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 112(3), 426-429. [CrossRef]
• 28. Deryabin, D. G., Tolmacheva, A. A. (2015). Antibacterial and anti-quorum sensing molecular composition derived from Quercus cortex (Oak bark) extract. Molecules, 20(9), 17093-17108. [CrossRef]
• 29. Frédérich, M., Marcowycz, A., Cieckiewicz, E., Mégalizzi, V., Angenot, L., Kiss, R. (2009). In vitro anticancer potential of tree extracts from the Walloon Region forest. Planta medica, 75(15), 1634-1637. [CrossRef]
• 30. Gharzouli, K., Khennouf, S., Amira, S., Gharzouli, A. (1999). Effects of aqueous extracts from Quercus ilex L. root bark, Punica granatum L. fruit peel and Artemisia herba‐alba Asso leaves on ethanol‐induced gastric damage in rats. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 13(1), 42-45. [CrossRef]
• 31. Güllüce, M., Adıgüzel, A., Öğütçü, H., Şengül, M., Karaman, I., Şahin, F. (2004). Antimicrobial effects of Quercus ilex L. extract. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 18(3), 208-211. [CrossRef]
• 32. Jassim, S. A. A., Naji, M. A. (2003). Novel antiviral agents: a medicinal plant perspective. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 95(3), 412-427. [CrossRef]
• 33. Khennouf, S., Benabdallah, H., Gharzouli, K., Amira, S., Ito, H., Kim, T. H., Yoshida, T., Gharzouli, A. (2003). Effect of tannins from Quercus suber and Quercus coccifera leaves on ethanol-induced gastric lesions in mice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(5), 1469-1473. [CrossRef]
• 34. Panchal, S. K., Brown, L. (2013). Cardioprotective and hepatoprotective effects of ellagitannins from European oak bark (Quercus petraea L.) extract in rats. European Journal of Nutrition, 52(1), 397-408. [CrossRef]
• 35. Davis, P. H. (1982). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.
• 36. Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M. T. (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyigit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları, Flora Dizisi I.
• 37. EUCAST. (2021). European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. https://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/Breakpoint_tables/v_11.0_Breakpoint_Tables.pdf Accessed: 19.11.2021.
• 38. Villas‐Bôas, S. G., Mas, S., Åkesson, M., Smedsgaard, J., Nielsen, J. (2005). Mass spectrometry in metabolome analysis. Mass spectrometry reviews, 24, 613-646. [CrossRef]
• 39. Blau, K., Halket, J. M. (1993). Handbook of derivatives for chromatography. Wiley.
• 40. Şöhretoğlu, D., Ekizoglu, M., Kiliç, E., Sakar, M. K. (2007). Antibacterial and antifungal activities of some Quercus species growing in Turkey. FABAD Journal of Pharmaceutical sciences, 32(3), 127.
• 41. Ahmed, M., Adil, M., Haq, I., Tipu, M. K., Qasim, M., Gul, B. (2021). RP-HPLC-based phytochemical analysis and diverse pharmacological evaluation of Quercus floribunda Lindl. ex A. camus nuts extracts. Natural Product Research, 35(13), 2257-2262. [CrossRef]
• 42. Aleebrahim-Dehkordy, E., Rafieian-kopaei, M., Amini-Khoei, H., Abbasi, S. (2019). In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity and antibacterial effects and measurement of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Quercus brantii L. fruit extract. Journal of Dietary Supplements, 16(4), 408-416. [CrossRef]
• 43. Elansary, H. O., Szopa, A., Kubica, P., Ekiert, H., Mattar, M. A., Al-Yafrasi, M. A., El-Ansary, D. O., Zin Elabadin, T. K., Yessoufou, K. (2019). Polyphenol profile and pharmaceutical potential of Quercus spp. bark extracts. Plants, 8(11), 486. [CrossRef]
• 44. Dettweiler, M., Lyles, J., Nelson, K., Dale, B., Reddinger, R., Zurawski, D., Quave, C. L. (2019). American civil war plant medicines inhibit growth, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Scientific Reports, 9, 7692. [CrossRef]
• 45. Sánchez-Burgos, J. A., Ramírez-Mares, M. V., Larrosa, M. M., Gallegos-Infante, J. A., González-Laredo, R. F., Medina-Torres, L., Rocha-Guzmán, N. E. (2013). Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitopoisomerase and gastroprotective effect of herbal infusions from four Quercus species. Industrial Crops and Products, 42, 57-62. [CrossRef]