SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF FLUOXETINE AND OLANZAPINE GREENNES ASSESSMENT

Öz

Objective: In our study, the simultaneous determination of fluoxetine (FLX) and olanzapine (OLZ) was performed by absorbance subtraction and absorbance correction spectrophotometric methods. Material and Method: The active substances were determined by choosing the isosbestic point of 232 nm in the absorbance subtraction method and 255 nm and 245 nm wavelengths in the absorbance correction method. The accuracy of the methods was determined by applying the percentage recovery studies to the laboratory mixtures. The percent recovery values were found in the range of 98.1-100.2 for OLZ and 96.8-105.3 for FLX. The concentration range studied was 3.12-15.62 and 3.45-17.28 µg/ml for OLZ and FLX, respectively. Result and Discussion: In the study, two active substances used in antidepressant treatment were determined simultaneously. Today, these active substances used in the treatment have started to be used in combination in order to achieve a better effect of the treatment. Therefore, simultaneous analysis of two active substances becomes important. Two different spectrophotometric methods were used for analysis. The methods have been successfully applied and validated for the simultaneous determination of antidepressant active substances. Since the applied methods do not require pre-separation and can be applied directly, the amount of waste generated is reduced. Environmentally sensitive methods have been applied.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Determination
• fluoxetine
• olanzapine
• spectrophotometry

FLUOKSETİN VE OLANZAPİN'İN EŞ ZAMANLI SPEKTROFOTOMETRİK TAYİNİ VE YEŞİL KİMYA UYGULAMALARI

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmada fluoksetin (FLX) ve olanzapinin (OLZ) etken maddelerinin aynı anda tayini absorbans çıkarma ve absorbans düzeltme spektrofotometrik yöntemleri uygulanarak yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Etken maddeler absorbans çıkarma yönteminde isosbestik nokta olan 232 nm ve absorbans düzeltme yönteminde 255 nm, 245 nm dalga boyları seçilerek tayin edilmiştir. Yüzde geri kazanım çalışmaları laboratuvar karışımlarına uygulanarak yöntemlerin doğruluğu yapılmıştır. Yüzde geri kazanım değerleri OLZ için 98.1-100.2, FLX için 96.8-105.3 aralığında bulunmuştur. Çalışılan konsantrasyon aralığı, OLZ ve FLX için sırasıyla 3.12-15.62 ve 3.45-17.28 µg/ml dir. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Çalışmada antidepresan tedavisinde kullanılan iki etken madde aynı anda tayin edilmiştir. Günümüzde tedavide kulanılan bu etken maddeler tedavinin etkisinin daha iyi sağlanabilmesi için kombinasyon şeklinde kullanıma sunulmaya başlanmıştır. Bu nedenle iki etken maddenin aynı anda analizi önem kazanmaktadır. Analiz için iki farklı spektrofotometrik yöntem uygulanmıştır. Yöntemler antidepresan etken maddelerin aynı anda tayini için başarıyla uygulanmış ve valide edilmiştir. Uygulanan yöntemler ön ayırma gerektirmediği ve direkt olarak uygulanabilmesi sayesinde oluşan atık miktarı azalmaktadır. Çevreye hassas olarak yöntemler uygulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fluoksetin
• kantitatif belirleme
• olanzapin
• spektrofotometri

Kaynakça

1. 1. Hashimoto, K. (2018). Metabolomics of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: Overview and future perspective. Advances in Clinical Chemistry, 84, 81-99. [CrossRef]
2. 2. Dai, L., Zhou, H., Xu, X., Zuo, Z. (2019). Brain structural and functional changes in patients with major depressive disorder: A literature review. PeerJ, 7, e8170. [CrossRef]
3. 3. Tohen, M., Vieta, E., Calabrese, J., Ketter, T.A., Sachs, G., Bowden, C., Mitchell, P.B., Centorrino, F., Risser, R., Baker, R.W., Evans, A.R., Beymer, K., Dube, S., Tollefson, G.D., Breier, A. (2003). Efficacy of olanzapine and olanzapine-fluoxetine combination in the treatment of bipolar I depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(11), 1079-1088. [CrossRef]
4. 4. Mohamed, H.M. (2015). Green, environment-friendly, analytical tools give insights in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics analysis. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 66, 176-192. [CrossRef]
5. 5. Panda, S.S., Behera, A.K., Bera, R.K.V.V., Jammula, S. (2022). Development of a validated liquid chromatography-diode array detection method for simultaneous determination of olanzapine and fluoxetine in their combined formulation: Application to greenness assessment. Separation Science Plus, 5(5), 153-162. [CrossRef]
6. 6. Ara, K.M., Raofie, F., Seidi, S. (2015). Simultaneous extraction and determination of trace amounts of olanzapine and fluoxetine from biological fluids: Comparison of conventional hollow fiber supported liquid phase microextraction and pulsed electrically assisted liquid-phase microextraction techniques. Analytical Methods, 7(18), 7840-7851. [CrossRef]
7. 7. Cabarcos-Fernández, P., Tabernero-Duque, M., Álvarez-Freire, I., Bermejo-Barrera, A.M. (2022). Determination of seven antidepressants in pericardial fluid by means of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 46(2), 146-156. [CrossRef]
8. 8. Zheng, M., Zhang, C., Wang, L., Wang, K., Kang, W., Lian, K., Li, H. (2021). Determination of nine mental drugs in human plasma using solid-phase supported liquid-liquid extraction and HPLC-MS/MS. Microchemical Journal, 160, 105647. [CrossRef]

9. 9. Ni, X.J., Wang, Z.Z., Shang, D.W., Lu, H.Y., Zhang, M., Wen, Y.G. (2018). Simultaneous analysis of olanzapine, fluoxetine, and norfluoxetine in human plasma using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Journal of Chromatography B, 1092, 506-514. [CrossRef]
10. 10. Ravinder, S., Bapuji, A.T., Mukkanti, K., Reddy, D.C. (2013). Simultaneous determination of olanzapine and fluoxetine in human plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 36(19), 2651-2668. [CrossRef]
11. 11. Domingues, D.S., Pinto, M.A.L., de Souza, I.D., Hallak, J.E.C., Crippa, J.A.D.S., Queiroz, M.E.C. (2016). Determination of drugs in plasma samples by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring of schizophrenic patients. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 40(1), 28-36. [CrossRef]
12. 12. De Souza, I.D., Domingues, D.S., Queiroz, M.E. (2015). Hybrid silica monolith for microextraction by packed sorbent to determine drugs from plasma samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta, 140, 166-175. [CrossRef]
13. 13. Fan, Y., Shen, G., Li, P., Xi, X., Wu, H., Tian, H., Yin, Z. (2015). A simple and automated online SPE-LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of olanzapine, fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in human plasma and its application in therapeutic drug monitoring. RSC Advances, 5(43), 34342-34352. [CrossRef]
14. 14. Bonde, S.L., Bhadane, R.P., Gaikwad, A., Gavali, S.R., Katale, D.U., Narendiran, A.S. (2014). Simultaneous determination of olanzapine and fluoxetine in human plasma by LC-MS/MS: Its pharmacokinetic application. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 90, 64-71. [CrossRef]
15. 15. Tantawy, M.A., Hassan, N.Y., Elragehy, N.A., Abdelkawy, M. (2013). Simultaneous determination of olanzapine and fluoxetine hydrochloride in capsules by spectrophotometry, TLC-spectrodensitometry and HPLC. Journal of Advanced Research, 4(2), 173-180. [CrossRef]
16. 16. Parmar, V.K., Patel, J.N., Jani, G.K., Prajapati, L.M., Gagoria, J. (2011). First derivative spectrophotometric determination of fluoxetine hydrochloride and olanzapine in tablets. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2(11), 2996. [CrossRef]
17. 17. Joseph, E., Balwani, G., Nagpal, V., Reddi, S., Saha, R.N. (2015). Validated UV spectrophotometric methods for the estimation of olanzapine in bulk, pharmaceutical formulations and preformulation studies. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 6(3), 181-190. [CrossRef]
18. 18. Basavaiah, K., Zenita, O., Tharpa, K., Rajendraprasad, N., Anilkumar, U.R., Hiriyana, S.G., Vinay, K.B. (2009). Iodimetric assay of olanzapine in pharmaceuticals using iodate and nile blue as reagents. Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly/CICEQ, 15(2), 95-102. [CrossRef]
19. 19. Clementina, C.I., Alexandra, N.F., Valentina, U. (2018). Determination of fluoxetine hydrochloride via ion pair complexation with alizarin red. S. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica-Drug Research, 75(6), 1293-1303. [CrossRef]
20. 20. Nezhadali, A., Motlagh, M.O., Sadeghzadeh, S. (2018). Spectrophotometric determination of fluoxetine by molecularly imprinted polypyrrole and optimization by experimental design, artificial neural network and genetic algorithm. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 190, 181-187. [CrossRef]
21. 21. Lotfy, H.M., Hegazy, M.A., Rezk, M.R., Omran, Y.R. (2014). Novel spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of timolol and dorzolamide in their binary mixture. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 126, 197-207. [CrossRef]
22. 22. Płotka-Wasylka, J. (2018). A new tool for the evaluation of the analytical procedure: Green Analytical Procedure Index. Talanta, 181, 204-209. [CrossRef]