THE ROLE OF THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Öz

Objective: Immune system is a system that defends the body against infections, reacts to foreign substances, and protects the organism in conditions such as illness. The central nervous system has a unique structure that differs from peripheral organs in terms of immune responses. Extensive research in recent years has shown that there is a complex interaction between the brain and immune system. Brain immune system is a complex system consisting of a number of cellular and molecular mechanisms within the central nervous system and a set of structures in which immune cells and molecules take place. It is known that chronic inflammation in the brain may play an important role in progressive neuron death in many neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease, which has been affecting the elderly population, especially women in recent years, is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterized by problems related to short-term memory, cognition and difficulties in daily living activities. Alzheimer's disease occurs with a complex mechanism thought to include genetic, immune and environmental factors. There is no definite cure for this disease and the drugs used only delay the symptoms. The complement system is part of the innate immune system. This system has three different activating pathways and results in the formation of a membrane attack complex that ultimately causes target cell lysis. Result and Discussion: In this review, we aimed to share information about the functioning of the complement system in the central nervous system and how it contributes to chronic neuroinflammation that leads to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alzheimer’s disease
• central nervous system
• complement system
• immune system
• neurodegeneration

ALZHEİMER HASTALIĞINDA KOMPLEMAN SİSTEMİN ROLÜ

Öz

Amaç: Bağışıklık sistemi, vücudu enfeksiyonlara karşı savunan, yabancı maddelere tepki oluşturan ve hastalık gibi durumlarda organizmayı koruyan bir sistemdir. Merkezi sinir sistemi bağışıklık yanıtları bakımından periferik organlardan farklı benzersiz bir yapıya sahiptir. Son yıllarda gerçekleştirilen kapsamlı araştırmalar, beyin ve bağışıklık sistemi arasında karmaşık bir etkileşim olduğunu göstermiştir. Beyin bağışıklık sistemi, merkezi sinir sistemi içinde yer alan bir dizi hücresel ve moleküler mekanizmadan ve bağışıklık hücreleri ve moleküllerinin yer aldığı bir dizi yapıdan oluşan kompleks bir sistemdir. Beyindeki kronik inflamasyonun birçok nörodejeneratif hastalıkta ilerleyici nöron ölümünde önemli bir rol oynayabileceği bilinmektedir. Son yıllarda başta kadınlar olmak üzere ileri yaş popülasyonu etkileyen Alzheimer hastalığı, kısa süreli hafıza, biliş ve günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde zorluklarla ilgili sorunlarla karakterize edilen ilerleyici, nörodejeneratif bir hastalıktır. Alzheimer hastalığı genetik, immün ve çevresel etmenleri de içerdiği düşünülen kompleks bir mekanizmayla ortaya çıkar. Bu hastalığın kesin bir tedavisi yoktur ve kullanılan ilaçlar ancak semptomları geciktirir. Kompleman sistem doğuştan gelen bağışıklık sisteminin bir parçasıdır. Bu sistemin üç farklı aktive edici yolu vardır ve nihai olarak hedef hücre lizisine neden olan bir membran saldırı kompleksinin oluşumuyla sonuçlanır. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Bu derlemede kompleman sistemin merkezi sinir sisteminde işleyişine ve Alzheimer hastalığı gibi nörodejeneratif bozukluklara yol açan kronik nöroinflamasyona nasıl katkıda bulunduğuna dair bilgiler paylaşılması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alzheimer hastalığı
• bağışıklık sistemi
• kompleman sistem
• merkezi sinir sistemi
• nörodejenerasyon

Kaynakça

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