ARAROT (MARANTA ARUNDINACEA L.) RİZOMLARININ FİTOKİMYASAL, TIBBİ VE BESİNSEL ÖZELLİKLERİ VE ÇEŞİTLİ KULLANIMLARI

Öz

Amaç: Maranta arundinacea L. (Ararot) (Marantaceae) tropiklerde yetişen otsu, çok yıllık bir bitkidir. Yüksek nişasta içerikli yenilebilir silindirik rizomlara sahiptir. Rizomlar halk tıbbında yatıştırıcı, kızarıklık giderici, anti-inflamatuvar ve antiseptik olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada günümüzde ekonomik değeri olan ve çeşitli endüstrilerde uygulama potansiyeli bulunan ararotun botanik özellikleri, yayılışı ve geleneksel kullanımı araştırılmıştır. Dahası yenilebilir rizomlarının kimyasal içeriği ve rizomlardan elde edilen ekstre, un, nişasta ve tozun biyolojik aktiviteleri ve rizomların çeşitli kullanım alanlarına ait bilgiler derlenmiştir. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Rizomlar alkaloit, karbonhidrat, kardiyak glikozitler, protein, amino asit, terpen, saponin, flavonoit, reçine, tanen, zamk, lignin, antrakinon, sterol, lif ve mineral içerir. Rizom ve rizomdan elde edilen ürünlerin antioksidan, immünostimulan, anti-ülserojenik, antidiyareik, anti-inflamatuvar, antimikrobiyal, antidispeptik, antihipertansif, hipokolesterolemik, hipoglisemik, antikanser ve hepatoprotektif aktiviteleri bildirilmiştir. Ararot unu kolayca sindirilebildiğinden çocuklar için hazırlanan ekmek ve bisküvilerde ve ayrıca kurabiye ve unlu mamullerde kullanılır. Ararot nişastası; çorba, tatlılar, puding, sos, kurabiye, şekerleme, bisküvi, kek ve jöle yapımında kullanılır. Ararot nişastası glüten içermediğinden özel bisküvi ve fırın ürünlerinin hazırlanmasında kullanılır. Ararot tozu ve nişastasının kozmetik endüstrisinde kullanımı vardır. Ararot nişastasının eczacılık, hijyen ürünleri, çevre yönetimi, tarım, biyofilm, biyomedikal mühendisliği ve biyoyakıt üretimi gibi alanlarda uygulamaları mevcuttur. Ararot lifi kâğıt mendil, ince kâğıt, karton, ambalaj kâğıdı ve çanta gibi yırtılmaya dirençli kâğıt yapımına uygundur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Maranta arundinacea
• ararot
• ararot nişastası
• biyolojik aktivite
• kimyasal içerik

Etik Beyan

Yazarlar bu çalışma için etik kurul onayının zorunlu olmadığını beyan etmektedir.

PHYTOCHEMICAL, MEDICINAL, AND NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES AND VARIOUS USAGE OF ARROWROOT (MARANTA ARUNDINACEA L.) RHIZOMES

Öz

Objective: Maranta arundinacea L. (arrowroot) (Marantaceae) which grows in the tropics is a perennial herbaceous plant. It has edible cylindrical rhizomes with high starch content. Rhizomes are used in folk medicine as a sedative, anti-redness, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic. In this study, the botanical properties, distribution and traditional use of arrowroot which has economic value today and has application potential in various industries, were investigated. Moreover, information on the chemical content of edible rhizomes, the biological activities of extracts, flour, starch and powder obtained from rhizomes and various usage areas of rhizomes were compiled. Result and Discussion: Rhizomes contain alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, protein, amino acids, terpenes, saponins, flavonoids, resins, tannins, gums, lignin, anthraquinones, sterols, fibers and minerals. Antioxidant, immunostimulant, anti-ulcerogenic, antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidyspeptic, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, anticancer and hepatoprotective activities of rhizome and rhizome-derived products have been reported. Arrowroot flour is easily digestible, it is used in breads and biscuits prepared for children, as well as cookies and baked goods. Arrowroot starch is used in making soups, desserts, puddings, sauces, cookies, candies, biscuits, cakes and jelly. Arrowroot starch does not contain gluten, therefore; it is used in the preparation of special biscuits and bakery products. The use of arrowroot powder and starch is common in the cosmetic industry. Arrowroot starch has applications in fields such as pharmacy, hygiene products, environmental management, agriculture, biofilm, biomedical engineering and biofuel production. Arrowroot fiber is suitable for making tear-resistant paper such as tissue paper, cardboard, wrapping paper and bags.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arrowroot
• arrowroot starch
• biological activity
• chemical content
• Maranta arundinacea

Etik Beyan

Yazarlar bu çalışma için etik kurul onayının zorunlu olmadığını beyan etmektedir.

Kaynakça

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