BİTKİ SEKONDER METABOLİTLERİNİN BİYOSENTEZİNİ VE AKÜMÜLASYONUNU ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER

Öz

Amaç: Primer metabolitler, bitkinin temel yaşamsal işlevlerinde doğrudan etkiliyken, sekonder metabololitler ise doğrudan etkili olmayan, bitkinin hayatta kalması ve bulunduğu ortama uyum sağlaması ile ilgili görevleri olan biyoaktif bileşiklerdir. Fonksiyonel gıdalarda, kozmetik ürünlerde, tarım ve zirai uygulamalarda, aromaterapide, boyalar ve diğer endüstriyel ürünlerde kullanım alanlarının olmasının yanında birçok ilaç ve sağlık ürünü de bitkisel kaynaklı sekonder metabolitlerden elde edilir. Bitkilerin çevresel etkileşimlerine yanıt olarak oluşturdukları bileşikler olan sekonder metabolitler, bitkilerin savunma mekanizmalarında, iletişimde ve çeşitli biyolojik süreçlerde rol oynarlar. Hem bitkilerin kendileri, hem de insanlar açısından faydalı olan bu bileşiklerin biyosentezlerini ve akümülasyonlarını etkileyen faktörlerin araştırılması önemlidir. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Bitki sekonder metabolitlerinin biyosentezi ve akümülasyonu üzerinde etkili olan çeşitli genetik, ontogenik, morfogenetik ve çevresel faktörler incelenmiştir. Diğer tüm faktörler sabit kalsa da sadece bir faktördeki değişiklik bitkilerde sekonder metabolitlerin içeriğini ve miktarını seçici olarak değiştirebilmektedir. Ayrıca, bitki büyümesini ve verimliliğini, bunun sonucunda da sekonder metabolit üretimini artırmak için, metabolomik, proteomik ve transkriptomik gibi yeni yöntemler kullanılarak çeşitli çevresel etkenlerin sinerjistik etkilerini moleküler seviyede anlamak amacıyla daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bitki sekonder metabolitleri
• biyosentez
• biyotik ve abiyotik faktörler

FACTORS AFFECTING THE BIOSYNTHESIS AND ACCUMULATION OF PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES

Öz

Objective: While primary metabolites are directly effective in the basic vital functions of the plant, secondary metabolites are bioactive compounds that are not directly effective and have functions related to the survival and adaptation of the plant to its environment. In addition to their use in functional foods, cosmetic products, agricultural applications, aromatherapy, dyes, and other industrial products, many drugs and health products are also obtained from plant-derived secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites, which are compounds formed by plants in response to environmental interactions, play a role in plant defense mechanisms, communication, and various biological processes. It is important to investigate the factors affecting the biosynthesis and accumulation of these compounds, which are benefiial for both plants themselves and humans. Result and Discussion: Various genetic, ontogenic, morphogenetic and environmental factors affecting the biosynthesis and accumulation of plant secondary metabolites have been examined. Although all other factors remain constant, changes in only one factor can selectively alter the content and amount of secondary metabolites in plants. Additionally, further research is needed to understand the synergistic effects of various environmental factors at the molecular level using new methods such as metabolomics, proteomics and transcriptomics to increase plant growth and productivity, and subsequently secondary metabolite production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biosynthesis
• biotic and abiotic factors
• plant secondary metabolites

Kaynakça

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