THE EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PARKIA SPECIOSA HASSK. SEEDS ON BLOOD LIPID PROFILE AND HISTOPATHOLOGY OF LIVER IN HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED MALE WISTAR RATS

Öz

Objective: Parkia speciosa contains compounds such as oleic acid, β-sitosterol, and flavonoids that are beneficial as antidyslipidemic agents. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of P. speciosa seeds on total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL levels, and the histopathology of the liver in rats induced by high-fat diet.

Material and Method: A total of 24 test animals were divided into 6 groups: normal control, negative control, positive control (simvastatin 0.9 mg/kg), and ethanol extract (doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). Induction used lard, and quail egg yolk was given to all groups except the normal group. Induction and extract were administered for 45 days. The blood was collected at day 0 and 46 for lipid profile examination. The cellular condition of the liver was observed.

Result and Discussion: Among other treatment groups, extract 100 mg/kg gave the best prevention of the increase in total cholesterol levels, and the highest decrease in triglyceride levels was in the extract 200 mg/kg group, although these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, the highest decrease in LDL levels was observed in the extract 300 mg/kg group, significantly different from day 0 (p<0.05). The highest increase in HDL levels was found in the extract 100 mg/kg group (p>0.05). The histopathological results of the liver showed no damage except in the positive control, which experienced hydropic degeneration.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antidyslipidemia
• high-fat diet
• histopathology
• Parkia speciosa Hassk. seeds

PARKIA SPECIOSA HASSK. TOHUMLARININ ETANOL EKSTRAKTININ YÜKSEK YAĞLI DİYETLE İNDÜKLENMIŞ ERKEK WISTAR RATLARINDA KAN LİPİD PROFİLİ VE KARACİĞER HİSTOPATOLOJİSİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Öz

Amaç: Parkia speciosa oleik asit, β-sitosterol ve flavonoidler gibi antidislipidemik ajanlar olarak faydalı olan bileşenler içerir. Bu çalışma, yüksek yağlı diyetle indüklenen erkek Wistar sıçanlarında P. speciosa tohumlarının etanol ekstraktının toplam kolesterol, trigliserit, HDL, LDL seviyeleri ve karaciğerin histopatolojisi üzerindeki etkisini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Toplam 24 test hayvanı 6 gruba ayrıldı: normal kontrol, negatif kontrol, pozitif kontrol (simvastatin 0.9 mg/kg) ve etanol ekstraktı (100, 200, 400 mg/kg doz). İndüksiyonda domuz yağı kullanıldı ve bıldırcın yumurtası sarısı normal grup hariç tüm gruplara verildi. İndüksiyon ve ekstrakt 45 gün boyunca uygulandı. Lipid profil incelemesi için kan 0. ve 46. günlerde toplandı. Karaciğerin hücresel durumu gözlendi.

Sonuç ve Tartışma: Diğer tedavi grupları arasında, 100 mg/kg ekstraktı toplam kolesterol seviyelerindeki artışı en iyi şekilde önledi ve 200 mg/kg ekstrakt grubunda trigliserit seviyelerindeki en yüksek azalma görüldü, ancak bu farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p>0.05). Ancak, LDL seviyelerindeki en yüksek azalma 300 mg/kg ekstrakt grubunda gözlendi ve bu grup gün 0'dan anlamlı şekilde farklıydı (p<0.05). HDL seviyelerindeki en yüksek artış 100 mg/kg ekstrakt grubunda bulundu (p>0.05). Karaciğerin histopatolojik sonuçları, pozitif kontrol dışında, hidropik dejenerasyon geçiren pozitif kontrol dışında hasar göstermedi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antidislipidemik
• histopatoloji
• Parkia speciosa Hassk. tohumları
• yüksek yağlı diyet

Kaynakça

1. 1. Berberich, A.J., Hegele, R.A. (2022). A modern approach to dyslipidemia. Endocrine Reviews, 43(4), 611-653. [CrossRef]
2. 2. Lucà, F., Oliva, F., Rao, C., et al. (2023). Appropriateness of dyslipidemia management strategies in post-acute coronary syndrome: A 2023 update. Metabolites, 13, 916. [CrossRef]
3. 3. Kementerian Kesehatan. (2019). Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional. Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Jakarta, 148-151.
4. 4. Püschel, G.P., Henkel, J. (2018). Dietary cholesterol does not break your heart but kills your liver. Porto Biomedical Journal, 3(1), 1-7. [CrossRef]
5. 5. Hsu, I., Spinler, S.A., Johnson, N.E. (1995). Comparative evaluation of the safety and efficacy of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor monotherapy in the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 29, 743-759. [CrossRef]
6. 6. Kamisah, Y., Othman, F., Qodriyah, H.M.S., et al. (2013). Parkia speciosa Hassk.: A potential phytomedicine. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 1-9. [CrossRef]
7. 7. Ahmad, N.I., Rahman, S.A., Leong, Y.H., et al. (2019). A review on the phytochemicals of parkia speciosa, stinky beans as potential phytomedicine. Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Research, 2(3), 151-173. [CrossRef]
8. 8. Susilo, J., Astuti, A.W., Larasati, D. (2020). Efficacy of Petai (Parkia speciosa, HASSK) leaf extract as an antidyslipidemic herb in Rattus norvegicus induced by high-fat feed. ad-Dawaa’ Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(1), 47-55. [CrossRef]

9. 9. Nurdyansyah, F., Widyastuti, D.A. (2024). The beneficial effect of Parkia speciosa’s empty pods extract on lipid profile of jelantah treated wistar white rats. BIO Web of Conferences, 99, 02002. [CrossRef]
10. 10. Zeka, K., Ruparelia, K., Arroo, R., et al. (2017). Flavonoids and their metabolites: Prevention in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Diseases, 5(3), 1-18. [CrossRef]
11. 11. Chanioti, S., Katsouli, M., Tzia, C. (2021). β-Sitosterol as a functional bioactive. Eds: Mushtaq, M., Anwar, F.A. Centum of Valuable Plant Bioactives. Academic Press, Cambridge, 193-212. [CrossRef]
12. 12. Wardani, A.K., Wahid, A.R., Jannah, M. (2021). In vitro antimalarial activity assay of Ashitaba Leaf ethanolic extract (Angelica keiskei). Pharmacy Education, 21(2), 27-30. [CrossRef]
13. 13. Sari, I.P., Nurrochmad, A., Setiawan, I.M. (2013). Indonesian herbals reduce cholesterol levels in diet-induced hypercholesterolemia through lipase inhibition. Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11(1), 13-20.
14. 14. Shuib, M., Hassan, H. (2014). Evaluation of anti stress activity of parkia speciosa seeds extracts on stress induced mice. University Malaya, 1-8.
15. 15. Federer, W.T. (1967). Experimental Design: Theory And Application. Oxford & IBH Publishing, New York, 98-120.
16. 16. Ramachandran, R., Kakar, S. (2009). Histological patterns in drug-induced liver disease. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 62(6), 481-492. [CrossRef]
17. 17. Rohman, A., Triyana, K., Sismindari, E. (2012). Differentiation of lard and other animal fats based on triacylglycerols composition and principal component analysis. International Food Research Journal, 19(2), 475-479.
18. 18. Muniz, L.B., Alves-Santos, A.M., Camargo, F., et al. (2019). High-lard and high-cholesterol diet, but not high-lard diet, leads to metabolic disorders in a modified dyslipidemia model. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 113(5), 896-902. [CrossRef]
19. 19. Adabi, S.H.G., Ahbab, M., Fani, A.R., et al. (2013). Egg yolk fatty acid profile of avian species - influence on human nutrition. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 97(1), 27-38. [CrossRef]
20. 20. Tunsaringkarn, T., Tungjaroenchai, W., Siriwong, W. (2013). Nutrient benefits of quail (Coturnix Japonica) eggs. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(5), 1-8.
21. 21. Gopinath, C., Mowat, V. (2014). Atlas of Toxicological Pathology. Springer, New York, 48.
22. 22. Hwang, S.L., Kim, H.N., Jung, H.H., et al. (2008). Beneficial effects of β-sitosterol on glucose and lipid metabolism in L6 myotube cells are mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 377(4), 1253-1258. [CrossRef]
23. 23. Feng, S., Dai, Z., Liu, A.B., et al. (2018). Intake of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol alters lipid metabolism and alleviates NAFLD in mice fed a high-fat western-style diet. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 1863(10), 1274-1284. [CrossRef]