EVALUATION OF THE YIELDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS, FIXED OILS AND EXTRACTS OBTAINED USING CONVENTIONAL METHODS FROM NIGELLA SATIVA L. AND NIGELLA DAMASCENA L. SEEDS

Öz

Objective: Yields and antioxidant properties of essential oils, fixed oils, and extracts from Nigella sativa L. and Nigella damascena L. seeds were evaluated using conventional extraction methods with solvents of different polarity. Material and Method: The seeds from both species were divided into three segments for the production of fixed oil, essential oil, and essential oil from extracts. Fixed oils and extracts were obtained using Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane, petroleum ether, acetone, chloroform, and methanol, followed by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus to obtain essential oils from the extracts. Essential oils were also obtained from powdered seeds by hydrodistillation. Oils and extract yields were calculated, and antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH. and ABTS+ assays. Result and Discussion: For both species, the continuous extraction method with n-hexane produced the highest yield and the essential oils were obtained only from these extracts. Notably, extracting the essential oil directly from the seed resulted in low yields. N. sativa exhibited higher essential oil yields than N. damascena; however, the obtained yields were inadequate for activity studies. Antioxidant assays revealed that the ABTS⁺ method was more discriminative, with acetone extracts showing higher activity. Overall, N. sativa demonstrated greater antioxidant activity compared to N. damascena.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antioxidant activity
• essential oil
• fixed oil
• Nigella damascene
• Nigella sativa

Destekleyen Kurum

TUBITAK - 2209

Proje Numarası

1919B012210600

Etik Beyan

The author declares that the ethics committee approval is not required for this study

Teşekkür

This study was funded by TUBITAK - 2209 under project number 1919B012210600. We would like to acknowledge TUBITAK for funding and Ayşe Beyda Aydın, Binnur Azgın and Begüm Çağla Akbaş for contributing to the study.

NIGELLA SATIVA L. VE NIGELLA DAMASCENA L. TOHUMLARINDAN KONVANSİYONEL YÖNTEMLER İLE ELDE EDİLEN UÇUCU YAĞ, SABİT YAĞ VE EKSTRELERİN VERİM VE ANTİOKSİDAN AKTİVİTELERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

Amaç: Farklı polaritedeki solvanlar kullanarak Nigella sativa L. ve Nigella damascena L. tohumlarından konvansiyonel yöntemler kullanılarak elde edilen uçucu yağ, sabit yağ ve ekstrelerin verimleri ve antioksidan aktiviteleri değerlendirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Her iki türün tohumları, sabit yağ, uçucu yağ ve ekstrakttan uçucu yağ çıkarmak için üç kısma ayrıldı. Sabit yağlar ve ekstraktlar, n-hekzan, petrol eteri, aseton, kloroform ve metanol ile Soxhlet ekstraksiyonu kullanılarak elde edildi, ardından Clevenger aparatı kullanılarak hidrodistilasyon yapıldı ve ekstraktlardan uçucu yağlar elde edildi. Ayrıca, uçucu yağlar toz tohumlardan hidrodistilasyon yoluyla da elde edildi. Yağ ve ekstre verimleri hesaplanarak antioksidan aktivitelerin değerlendirilmesinde DPPH. Ve ABTS.⁺ testleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Her iki tür için de n-hekzan ile sürekli ekstraksiyon yöntemi en yüksek verimi ulaştı ve uçucu yağlar sadece bu ekstraktlardan elde edildi. Özellikle, uçucu yağın doğrudan tohumdan ekstrakte edilmesi düşük verim ile sonuçlandı. N. sativa, N. damascena'dan daha yüksek uçucu yağ verimi gösterdi; ancak, elde edilen verimler aktivite çalışmaları için yetersizdi. Antioksidan testleri, ABTS.⁺ yönteminin daha ayırt edici olduğunu ve aseton ekstraktlarının daha yüksek aktivite gösterdiğini ortaya koydu. Genel olarak, N. sativa, N. damascena'ya kıyasla daha yüksek antioksidan aktivite gösterdi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antioksidan aktivite
• Nigella damascena
• Nigella sativa
• sabit yağ
• uçucu yağ

Proje Numarası

1919B012210600

Kaynakça

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