BİRİNCİ BASAMAK HEKİMLERİ İÇİN ANTİMİKROBİYAL YÖNETİM İLE ENFEKSİYON ÖNLEME VE KONTROLÜNE YÖNELİK ENTEGRE EĞİTİM PROGRAMLARI: MEVCUT LİTERATÜRÜN BİR İNCELEMESİ

Öz

Amaç: Antimikrobiyal direnç (AMD), Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından sessiz bir pandemi olarak tanımlanan ve giderek büyüyen küresel bir tehdittir. Bu durum, sağlık sistemlerini dünya genelinde tehlikeye atarak Evrensel Sağlık Kapsamı (UHC) ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçalarına (SKA'lar) yönelik ilerlemeyi sekteye uğratmaktadır. Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri, yüksek kaliteli, erişilebilir ve uygun maliyetli sağlık hizmetleri sunarak hastalıkların önlenmesi ve toplum sağlığının iyileştirilmesinde kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Ancak, birinci basamak sağlık hizmeti sunulan ortamlarda enfeksiyon yayılma riski, sorumlu antibiyotik kullanımı ve en iyi hasta sonuçlarını sağlamak için güçlü enfeksiyon önleme ve kontrol (EÖK) önlemlerinin yanı sıra AMD ile mücadele uygulamalarına duyulan ihtiyacı ortaya koymaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu araştıma, birinci basamak hekimleri için AMY ve EÖK eğitim programlarına ilişkin mevcut literatürü incelemektedir. PubMed, Google Scholar ve Scopus veritabanlarında yapılan sistematik bir arama sonucunda birinci basamak sağlık hizmeti dışındaki ortamlar ve eğitim dışındaki spesifik AMY veya EÖK müdahaleleri hariç tutularak 95 ilgili makale belirlenmiştir. Sonuç ve Tartışma: AMY ve EÖK’nın önemine dair güçlü kanıtlar bulunmasına rağmen, birinci basamak sağlık hizmeti sunulan ortamlarda her iki stratejiyi bir arada ele alan entegre eğitim programlarına rastlanmamıştır. Bulgular, birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde AMY ve EÖK uygulamalarını güçlendirmek için yapılandırılmış, kanıta dayalı eğitim programlarına acil bir ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu tür programların geliştirilmesi ve değerlendirilmesi, sağlık hizmetlerinde AMR ile mücadelede önemli bir adım olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antibiyotik direnci
• antibiyotik yönetimi
• birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri
• enfeksiyon önleme ve kontrolü
• entegre eğitim programı

INTEGRATED TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP AND INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL FOR PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS: A REVIEW OF THE CURRENT LITERATURE

Öz

Objective: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global threat, recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a silent pandemic. Its impact endangers health systems worldwide, compromising progress toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Primary health care (PHC) plays a crucial role in ensuring access to high-quality, affordable healthcare, disease prevention, and community health improvement. However, the risk of infection transmission in PHC settings highlights the need for robust infection prevention and control (IPC) measures alongside antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) to ensure responsible antibiotic use and optimal patient outcomes. Material and Method: This research examines the current literature on AMS and IPC training programs for primary care physicians. A systematic search using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus identified 95 relevant articles, excluding settings outside PHC and specific AMS or IPC interventions beyond training. Result and Discussion: Despite the recognized importance of AMS and IPC, no integrated training programs addressing both strategies in PHC settings were identified. The findings suggest an urgent need for structured, evidence-based training programs to enhance AMS and IPC implementation in primary care. Developing and evaluating such programs could be a key step in combating AMR at the frontline of healthcare.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antibiotic resistance
• antimicrobial stewardship
• infection prevention and control
• integrated training program
• primary health care

Kaynakça

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