COUSINIA CASS. CİNSİNİN GELENEKSEL KULLANIMI, FİTOKİMYASAL İÇERİĞİ VE BİYOLOJİK ETKİLERİ

Öz

Amaç: Cousinia türlerinin Türkiye’de çok sayıda bulunması ve endemizm oranının yüksek olması nedeniyle, bu derlemede, cinse dahil olan türlerin hem biyolojik etkileri hem de biyoaktif bileşikleri açısından ele alınması amaçlanmıştır. 

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada literatür verilerini daha kapsamlı ve ayrıntılı şekilde derlemek amacıyla sağlık alanındaki bilimsel kaynakları içeren veri tabanlarında tarama yapılmıştır. Elektronik aramalar PubMed, Web of Science, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, Google Akademik veri bankalarında 1966-2019 yıl aralığı seçilerek yapılmıştır.

Sonuç ve Tartışma: Günümüzde birçok sentetik ilacın yan etki ve etkileşimlerinden dolayı çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanımında zorlukların olduğu bilinmektedir. Öte yandan uygulama alanının genişliği, terapötik etkinliği ve düşük toksisitesi ile bitkisel ilaçlar her zaman dikkat çekmekte ve üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar giderek artmaktadır. Cousinia cinsine dahil olan türler eskiden beri halk arasında ülser, romatizma ve solunum yolu hastalıklarında kullanılmaktadır. Yapılan biyolojik etki çalışmaları ile türlerin sitotoksik, antikanser, hipnotik, antibakteriyel etkileri kanıtlanmıştır. Bunun yanında türler üzerinde yapılan fitokimyasal araştırmalar incelendiğinde flavonoit, seskiterpen lakton, triterpenik ve steroit yapıda bileşikler içerdiği görülmüştür. Bu çalışma ile cinsin sahip olduğu geniş biyolojik etki kapasitesi ve zengin fitokimyasal içeriğe sahip olmasına rağmen hala ülkemiz için endemik türlerin detaylı bir şekilde araştırılmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu türlerin ayrıntılı şekilde incelenmesinin hem toplum sağlığına hem de ulusal ekonomiye katkıda bulunulacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• biyolojik etki,Cousinia,geleneksel kullanım,kimyasal içerik

TRADITIONAL USAGE, PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF COUSINIA CASS. GENUS

Öz

Objective: Cousinia is a large and widespired genus and shows remarkable rate of endemism in Turkey. This study aims at reviewing a biological activities and bioactive compounds of species of this genus.

Material and Method: In order to compile the literature data more comprehensive and detailed, the databases were searched in the field of health science. An electronic search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar for articles, which published in 1966-2019 years.

Result and Discussion: It is known some difficulties of synthetic drugs use in cancer therapy because of side effects and interactions nowadays. On the other hand, because of their wide application, therapeutic efficacy and low toxicity of herbal drugs is more important on anticancer studies and they are on improving. Some species of this genus were traditionally used for treatment of various disorders as respiratory problems, ulcers, rheumatism and inflammation. Based on previous studies cytotoxic, antibacterial and hypnotic activity of different Cousinia species were reported. To date, sesquiterpene lactones, triterpenes, steroids and flavonoids have been isolated from Cousinia species. In the light of all these data, it was concluded that the genus has a wide biological effect capacity and rich phytochemical content, but endemic species are not investigated in detail, yet. It is thought that, the detailed investigation of these species will be contribute to both public health and national economy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• biological activity,Cousinia,phytochemical composition,traditional use

Kaynakça

1. 1. Çelik, K., Toğar, B., Türkez, H., Taşpınar, N. (2014). In vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic, and oxidative effects of acyclic sesquiterpene farnesene. Turkish Journal of Biology, 38(2), 253-9.
2. 2. Bremer, K, Anderberg, A.A. (1994). Asteraceae: cladistics & classification.
3. 3. Petit, D.P. (1997). Generic interrelationships of theCardueae (Compositae): A cladistic analysis of morphological data. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 207(3-4), 173-203.
4. 4. Rechinger, K. (1986). Cousinia: morphology, taxonomy, distribution and phytogeographical implications. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B: Biological Sciences, 89, 45-58.
5. 5. Frodin, D.G. (2004). History and concepts of big plant genera. Taxon, 53(3), 753-76.
6. 6. Davis, P. H. and Huber, M. (1975). Cousinia in Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands,. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 5.
7. 7. Singh, K.N. (2012). Traditional knowledge on ethnobotanical uses of plant biodiversity: a detailed study from the Indian western Himalaya. Biodiversity: Research and Conservation, 28, 63-77.
8. 8. Amiri, M.S., Hosseini, H.A, Rajai, P. (2014). Preliminary Investigation on Phytochemical Composition and Anti-Bacterial Activity of the Root of Cousinia microcarpa Boiss. Asian J Med Pharm Res, 4(4), 156-9.

9. 9. Iranshahy, M., Tayarani‐Najaran, Z., Kasaian, J., Ghandadi, M., Emami, S.A., Asili, J., et al. (2016). Highly Oxygenated Sesquiterpene Lactones from Cousinia aitchisonii and their Cytotoxic Properties: Rhaserolide Induces Apoptosis in Human T Lymphocyte (Jurkat) Cells via the Activation of c‐Jun n‐terminal Kinase Phosphorylation. Phytother Res, 30(2), 222-6.
10. 10. Marco, J.A., Sanz, J.F., Albiach, R., Rustaiyan, A., Habibi, Z. (1993). Bisabolene derivatives and sesquiterpene lactones from Cousinia species. Phytochemistry, 32(2), 395-400.
11. 11. Rustaiyan, A., Sharif, Z., Sadjadi, A.S. (1987). Two farnesol derivatives from Cousinia adenostica. Phytochemistry, 26(9), 2635-6.
12. 12. Ul'chenko, N., Gigienova, E., Umarov, A., Isamukhamedov, A.S. (1981). Hydroxy acids of the seed oils of five plants of the family Asteraceae. Chem Nat Compd, 17(1), 26-30.
13. 13. Ul'chenko, N., Mukhamedova, K.S., Glushenkova, A. (1999). Lipids from seeds of two species ofCousinia. Chem Nat Compd, 35(6), 680-1.
14. 14. Suleimen, E., Zhanzhaksina, A.S., Sisengalieva, G., Iskakova, Z.B., Ishmuratova, M.Y. (2018). Constituent Composition and Biological Activity of Essential Oil from Cousinia alata. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 54(3), 595-6.
15. 15. Pasayeva, L., Üstün, O., Demirpolat, E., Karatoprak, G.S., Tugay, O., Kosar, M. (2019). Bioactivity-guided isolation of cytotoxic and antioxidant phytochemicals from four Cousinia species from stenocephala bunge section. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 15(65), 682.
16. 16. Shahverdi, A.R., Khoramizadeh, M.R., Ghahramani, M.H., Golyaee, A., Attar, F., Ghahraman, A. (2007). Chemopreventive Effect of Cousinia shulabadensis Attar & Ghahraman ethanol extract. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 4(1), 12-6.
17. 17. Behlil, F., Samiullah, K.N., Akbar, A., Tareen, R.B., Achakazai, A.K.K., Ali, I., et al. (2019). Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity determination of some medicinally important plants of Balochistan. Pak J Bot, 52(2), 1-8.
18. 18. Sajjadi, S.E., Ghanadian, M., Mouhebat, L. (2015). Cytotoxic effect of Cousinia verbascifolia Bunge against OVCAR-3 and HT-29 cancer cells. Journal of HerbMed pharmacology, 4.
19. 19. Sajjadi, S.E., Ghanadian, M., Haghighi, M. (2017). Isolation and identification of two phenolic compounds from a moderately cytotoxic fraction of Cousinia verbascifolia Bunge. Advanced biomedical research, 6.
20. 20. Amiri, Ms., Rakhshandeh, H., Aghaei, A. (2007). Hypnotic Effect Of Cousinia Microcarpa Boiss. (Asteraceae) In Mice.
21. 21. Plekhanova, N., Turdumambetov, K., Sudnitsyna, I. (1983). Carbohydrates of Cousinia. Chem Nat Compd, 19(5), 603-4.
22. 22. Rustaiyan, A., Niknejad, A., Sigari, H., Ahmadi, A. (1981). Guaianolides from Cousinia onopordioides. Fitoterapia.
23. 23. Ulubelen, A, Tuzlaci, E., Mericli, A. (1986). Triterpenic and steroidal compounds from Cousinia canescens. Fitoterapia.
24. 24. Shahverdi, A.R., Khorramizadeh, M.R., Attar, F., Saadat, F., Vahid, S., Ghahraman, A. (2007). Concomitant chemopreventive and antibacterial effects of some Iranian plants from the genus Cousinia (Asteraceae). Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 17(3), 325-30.