LEAF AND SCAPE ANATOMY OF THREE ALLIUM L. (AMARYLLIDACEAE) SPECIES FROM SECT. CUPANIOSCORDUM

Yıl 2021, , 309 - 320, 31.05.2021

Gülnur Ekşi , Gülderen Yılmaz , Mehmet Bona Ayşe Mine Gençler Özkan

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.867327

Öz

Objective: The genus Allium L. is one of the largest monocot genera and naturally distributes in Turkey. Onion, garlic and other Allium species are among the important therapeutic agents in past and present treatment systems. They are widely used as antioxidant, anticancer, antithrombotic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antigangrene, atherosclerotic, hypocolesterolemic, antimutagenic, antiasthmatic, antiatherogenic, immunomodulator and prebiotic all around the world due to their healing effects on many chronic diseases. Taxonomic elucidation of the genus is extremely important for bioactivity studies. In this study, we aimed to compare the leaf and scape anatomy of closely related species A. callidyction, A. peroninianum and A. hirtovaginatum belong to sect. Cupanioscordum.

Material and Method: Scape and leave samples of living plants collected during the field trip were preserved in 70% alcohol for anatomical study. Cross-sections from scape and leaf samples were treated with sartur reagent and slides were prepared. Anatomical photographs of the preparation were taken at 4x, 10x or 40x magnifications by Leica CME.

Result and Discussion: A. callidyction, A. peroninianum and A. hirtovaginatum species are anatomically differentiated from each other in terms of the number and shape of vascular bundles.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anatomy, Allium callidyction, Allium peroninianum, Allium hirtovaginatum, Turkey

CUPANIOSCORDUM SEKSİYONUNA AİT ÜÇ ALLIUM L. (AMARYLLIDACEAE) TÜRÜNÜN YAPRAK VE SKAPUS ANATOMİSİ

Öz

Amaç: Allium L. (Amaryllidaceae) cinsi Türkiye’de doğal yayılış gösteren en geniş monokotil cinslerdendir. Soğan, sarımsak ve diğer Allium türleri geçmişte ve günümüz tedavi sistemlerinde yer alan önemli terapötik ajanlardır. Antioksidan, antikanser, antitrombotik, antidiyabetik, antimikrobiyal, antihipertansif, antigangren, aterosklerotik, hipokolesterolemik, antimutajenik, antiastmatik, antiaterojenik, bağışıklık düzenleyici ve prebiyotik olarak, birçok kronik hastalığı iyileştirici etkilerinden dolayı dünya genelinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Cinsinin taksonomisinin aydınlatılması, biyoaktivite çalışmaları için son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Allium cinsine ait Cupanioscordum seksiyonundan yakın akraba üç türün, A. callidyction, A. peroninianum ve A. hirtovaginatum, yaprak ve skapus anatomilerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Doğal ortamlarından toplanan canlı bitkilere ait skapus ve yaprak kısımları anatomik çalışma yapmak üzere %70’lik alkol içinde muhafaza edilmiştir. Skapus ve yaprak örneklerinden elle alınan enine kesitler sartur reaktifi ile muamele edilerek preparatlar hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan preparatların anatomik fotoğrafları 4x, 10x veya 40x büyültmelerde, mikroskoba bağlı Leica CME kullanılarak çekilmiştir.

Sonuç ve Tartışma: A. callidyction, A. peroninianum ve A. hirtovaginatum yakın türleri anatomik olarak birbirlerinden yaprakların ventral ve dorsalindeki iletim demetlerinin sayısı büyüklüğü bakımından ayrılırlar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anatomi, Allium callidyction, Allium peroninianum, Allium hirtovaginatum, Türkiye

Kaynakça

• 1. Govaerts, R., Kington, S., Friesen, N., Fritsch, R., Snijman, D. A., Marcucci, R., Silverstone-Sopkin, P.A. & Brullo, S. (2018). World checklist of Amaryllidaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Retrieved February 2, 2020 from http://wcsp.science.kew.org/
• 2. Stearn, W. T. (1978). European species of Allium and allied genera of Alliaceae: a synonymic enumeration. Annales Musei Goulandris, 4, 83-198.
• 3. Hanelt, P. (1990). Taxonomy, evolution, and history. In: H. D. Rabinowitch & J. L. Brewster (Eds.), Onions and allied crops (pp. 1–26). CRC Press.
• 4. Fritsch, R. M., & Friesen, N. (2002). Evolution, domestication and taxonomy. In: H. D. Rabinowitch & L. Currah (Eds.), Allium crop science: recent advances (pp. 5–30). Wallingford: CABI Publishing.
• 5. Friesen, N., Fritsch, R., & Blattner, F. (2006). Phylogeny and New Intrageneric Classification of Allium (Alliaceae) Based on Nuclear Ribosomal DNA ITS Sequences. Aliso, 22(1), 372–395.
• 6. Ekşi, G., Koyuncu, M., & Gençler Özkan, A. M. (2016). Allium ekimianum: A new species (Amaryllidaceae) from Turkey. PhytoKeys, 62(1), 83–93.
• 7. Ekşi, G., & Duman, H. (2020). Allium shahinii: A new species of A. sect. Scorodon (Amaryllidaceae) from Turkey. Phytotaxa, 461(3), 195–203.
• 8. Ekşi, G., Gençler Özkan, A. M., & Koyuncu, M. (2020). Garlic and onions: An eastern tale. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 253, 112675. Retrieved August 12, 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.112675
• 9. Fırat, M., Koyuncu, M., & Ekşi, G. (2018). Allium pervariensis, sect. Allium (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from Siirt Turkey. Plant Biosystems, 152(3), 305–310.
• 10. Ekşi, G., & Yıldırım, H. (2019). Allium yamadagensis (Amaryllidaceae) a new species from Turkey. Phytotaxa, 400(1), 31–36.
• 11. Ekşi, G., Koyuncu, M., & Bona, M. (2015). Allium phanerantherum subsp. involucratum (amaryllidaceae), a new subspecies from turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 22(2), 143–146.
• 12. Duman, H., Ekşi, G., & Özbek, F. (2017). Two new species of Allium L. sect. Allium (Amaryllidaceae) from Turkey. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 303(9), 1271–1291.
• 13. You, W. C., Blot, W. J., Chang, Y. S., Ershow, A., Yang, Z. T., An, Q., Henderson, B. E., Fraumeni, J. F., & Wang, T. G. (1989). Allium vegetables and reduced risk of stomach cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 81(2), 162–164.
• 14. Nouroz, F., Mehboob, M., Noreen, S., Zaidi, F., & Mobin, T. (2015). A Review on Anticancer Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.). Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 23(6), 1145–1151.
• 15. Block, E., Ahmad, S., Jain, M. K., Crecely, R. W., Apitz-Castro, R., & Cruz, M. R. (1984). The chemistry of alkyl thiosulfate esters. 8. (E,Z)-Ajoene: a potent antithrombotic agent from garlic. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 106(26), 8295–8296.
• 16. Apitz-Castro, R., Escalante, J., Vargas, R., & Jain, M. K. (1986). Ajoene, the antiplatelet principle of garlic, synergistically potentiates the antiaggregatory action of prostacyclin, forskolin, indomethacin and dypiridamole on human platelets. Thrombosis Research, 42(3), 303–311.
• 17. Beretz, A., & Cazenave, J.-P. (1991). Old and New Natural Products as the Source of Modern Antithrombotic Drugs. Planta Medica, 57(1), 68–72.
• 18. Ali, M., Thomson, M., & Afzal, M. (2000). Garlic and onions: Their effect on eicosanoid metabolism and its clinical relevance. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 62 (2) 55–73.
• 19. Thomson, M., & Ali, M. (2005). Garlic [Allium sativum]: A Review of its Potential Use as an Anti-Cancer Agent. Current Cancer Drug Targets, 3(1), 67–81.
• 20. Benkeblia, N. (2004). Antimicrobial activity of essential oil extracts of various onions (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum). LWT - Food Science and Technology, 37(2), 263–268.
• 21. Ariga, T., & Seki, T. (2006, January 1). Antithrombotic and anticancer effects of garlic-derived sulfur compounds: A review. BioFactors, 26, 93–103.
• 22. Pyun, M. S., & Shin, S. (2006). Antifungal effects of the volatile oils from Allium plants against Trichophyton species and synergism of the oils with ketoconazole. Phytomedicine, 13(6), 394–400.
• 23. Godevac, D., Vujisić, L., Mojović, M., Ignjatović, A., Spasojević, I., & Vajs, V. (2008). Evaluation of antioxidant capacity of Allium ursinum L. volatile oil and its effect on membrane fluidity. Food Chemistry, 107(4), 1692–1700.
• 24. Daka, D. (2011). Antibacterial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on Staphyloccus aureus: An in vitro study. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(4), 666–669.
• 25. Kollmann, F. (1984). Allium L. In: P. H. Davis (Ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol 8 (pp. 98–211). Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press.
• 26. Brullo, S., Pavone, P., & Salmeri, C. (1997). Allium karistanum (Liliaceae), a new species from Evvia (Greece). Bocconea, 5, 759–764.
• 27. Pavone, P. (2015). Allium greuteri sp . nova Liliaceae) from Cyrenaica and its relationships with the Allium cupanii group. Willdenowia, 13, 115–122.