ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITIES OF GALIUM APARINE

Öz

Objective: Plants are known to have many biological activities. In this study, the antioxidant, oxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of Galium aparine L. were investigated.

Material and Method: The antioxidant and oxidant potentials of the plant, the aerial parts of which were extracted with ethanol in a Soxhlet device, were measured using Rel assay kits. Antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi was determined using the agar dilution method. Lung carcinoma cell line (A549) was used to determine the antiproliferative activity.

Result and Discussion: As a result of the studies, total antioxidant status (TAS) value of plant extracts was determined as 5.147 ± 0.237, total oxidant status (TOS) value as 18.679 ± 0.245 and oxidative stress index (OSI) value as 0.346 ± 0.018. Plant extracts were found to be effective against test microorganisms at concentrations of 50-200 µg/mL. In addition, it was determined that the antiproliferative activity of the plant extract showed potent effects depending on the increase in the extract concentration. Finally, it was determined that Galium aparine has high biological activity and can be used as a natural pharmacological agent in this context.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Galium aparine
• medicinal plants
• antioxidant
• antiproliferative

Proje Numarası

Yok

GALIUM APARINE’NİN ANTİOKSİDAN, ANTİMİKROBİYAL VE ANTİPROLİFERATİF AKTİVİTELERİ

Öz

Amaç: Bitkilerin birçok biyolojik aktiviteye sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada Galium aparine L.'nin antioksidan, oksidan, antimikrobiyal ve antiproliferatif aktiviteleri araştırıldı.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Toprak üstü kısımları Soxhlet cihazında etanol ile ekstrakte edilen bitkinin antioksidan ve oksidan potansiyelleri Rel test kitleri kullanılarak ölçüldü. Bakteri ve mantarlara karşı antimikrobiyal aktivite, agar seyreltme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlendi. Antiproliferatif aktiviteyi belirlemek için Lung Carcinoma Cell Line (A549) kullanıldı.

Sonuç ve Tartışma: Çalışmalar sonucunda bitki ekstraktlarının toplam antioksidan seviyesi (TAS) değeri 5.147 ± 0.237, toplam oksidan seviyesi (TOS) değeri 18.679 ± 0.245 ve oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI) değeri 0.346 ± 0.018 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bitki ekstraktlarının 50-200 µg/mL konsantrasyonlarında test mikroorganizmalarına karşı etkili olduğu bulundu. Ayrıca bitki ekstraktının antiproliferatif aktivitesinin ekstrakt konsantrasyonundaki artışa bağlı olarak güçlü etkiler gösterdiği belirlendi. Sonuç olarak Galium aparinin yüksek biyolojik aktiviteye sahip olduğu ve bu bağlamda doğal bir farmakolojik ajan olarak kullanılabileceği belirlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Galium aparine
• tıbbi bitkiler
• antioksidan
• antiproliferatif

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Yok

Teşekkür

Yok

Kaynakça

1. Merken, H. M., Beecher, G. R. (2000). Measurement of food flavonoids by high-performance liquid chromatography: a review. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 48(3), 577-599.
2. de Souza, L. M., Cipriani, T. R., Iacomini, M., Gorin, P. A., Sassaki, G. L. (2008). HPLC/ESI-MS and NMR analysis of flavonoids and tannins in bioactive extract from leaves of Maytenus ilicifolia. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 47(1), 59-67.
3. CABI, 2018. Invasive Species Compendium. [WWW Document]. URL https://www.cabi. org/isc/datasheet/24772 (Accessed 2 February 18).
4. Malik, N., Born, W. V. (1988). The biology of Canadian weeds.: 86. Galium aparine L. and Galium spurium L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 68(2), 481-499.
5. Tobyn, G., Denham, A., Whitelegg, M. (2016). The Western herbal tradition: 2000 years of medicinal plant knowledge. Singing Dragon.
6. Bokhari, J., Khan, M. R., Shabbir, M., Rashid, U., Jan, S., Zai, J. A. (2013). Evaluation of diverse antioxidant activities of Galium aparine. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 102, 24-29.
7. Ahmad, S. S., Javed, S. U. M. A. I. R. A. (2007). Exploring the economic value of underutilized plant species in Ayubia National Park. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 39(5), 1435-1442.
8. Taskin, T., Bitis, L. (2016). In vitro antioxidant activity of eight wild edible plants in Bursa province of Turkey. medicine, 6, 25.

9. Deliorman, D., Calis, I., Ergun, F. (2001). Iridoids from Galium aparine. Pharmaceutical Biology, 39(3), 234-235.
10. Aslantürk, Ö. S., Çelik, T. A., Karabey, B., Karabey, F. (2017). Active Phytochemical Detecting, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Apoptotic Activities of Ethyl Acetate and Methanol Extracts of Galium aparine L. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 1-16.
11. Goryacha, O. V., Ilyina, T. V., Kovalyova, A. M., Kashpur, N. V. (2014). Phytochemical research of Galium aparine L. lipophilic complex and study of its antibacterial activity.
12. Vlase, L., Mocan, A., Hanganu, D., Benedec, D., Gheldiu, A., Crisan, G. (2014). Comparative study of polyphenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of four Galium species (Rubiaceae). Digest journal of nanomaterials and biostructures, 9(3), 1085-1094.
13. Moubasher, H., Abd El-Ghani, M., Al-Wakeel, S., Bahoor, A. (2016). Chemotaxonomic significance of flavonoids in some species of Galium (Rubiaceae) from Libya. Austin J Plant Biol, 2(1), 1014.
14. Mocan, A., Crisan, G., Vlase, L., Ivanescu, B., Badarau, A. S., Arsene, A. L. (2016). Phytochemical investigations on four Galium species (Rubiaceae) from Romania. Farmacia, 64(1), 95-99.
15. Shirwaikar, A., Shirwaikar, A., Rajendran, K., Punitha, I. S. R. (2006). In vitro antioxidant studies on the benzyl tetra isoquinoline alkaloid berberine. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 29(9), 1906-1910.
16. Soni, H., Pandey, H., Phatak, A. K., Nayak, G., Singhai, A. K., Parihar, A., Singh, V., Rathur, A. S. (2009). Evaluation of antioxidant potential of hydro alcoholic extract of leaves of Coleus aromaticus. Adv Pharmacol Toxicol, 10(1), 75-82.
17. Jain, S., Gupta, A., Malviya, N., Suhur, H. (2009). Comparative antioxidant potential screening of polyherbal formulations. Adv Pharmocol. Toxicol, 10(1), 101-110.
18. Erel, O. (2004). A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation. Clinical biochemistry, 37(4), 277-285.
19. Erel, O. (2005). A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clinical biochemistry, 38(12), 1103-1111.
20. Sevindik, M. (2019). The novel biological tests on various extracts of Cerioporus varius. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(5), 3713-3717.
21. Bauer, A. W. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. Am J clin pathol, 45, 149-158.
22. Hindler, J., Hochstein, L., Howell, A. (1992). Preparation of routine media and reagents used in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Part 1. McFarland standards, p. 5.19.1-5.19.6. In H. D. Isenberg (ed) Clinical microbiology procedures handbook, vol. 1. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
23. CLSI (The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) (2012) Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria; Approved Standard—Eighth Edition (M11-A8).
24. Matuschek, E., Brown, D.F., Kahlmeter, G. (2014). Development of the EUCAST disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing method and its implementation in routine microbiology laboratories. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 20: 255-266.
25. EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing). (2014). Breakpoint tables Fungal isolate for interpretation of MICs. Version 7.0.
26. EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing). (2015). Breakpoint tables for Bacteria interpretation of MICs and zone diameters, Version 5.0.
27. Bal, C., Akgul, H., Sevindik, M., Akata, I., Yumrutas, O. (2017). Determination of the anti-oxidative activities of six mushrooms. Fresenius Envir Bull, 26(10), 6246-6252.
28. Eberhardt, M. V., Lee, C. Y., Liu, R. H. (2000). Antioxidant activity of fresh apples. Nature, 405(6789), 903-904.
29. Zhao, R., Chen, Z., Jia, G., Li, J., Cai, Y., Shao, X. (2011). Protective effects of diosmetin extracted from Galium verum L. on the thymus of U14-bearing mice. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 89(9), 665-673.
30. Sevindik, M. (2020). Antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity of Lactifluus rugatus and its antiproliferative activity on A549 cells. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge (IJTK), 19(2), 423-427.
31. Mohammed, F. S., Akgul, H., Sevindik, M., Khaled, B. M. T. (2018). Phenolic content and biological activities of Rhus coriaria var. zebaria. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(8), 5694-5702.
32. Sevindik, M., Akgul, H., Pehlivan, M., Selamoglu, Z. (2017). Determination of therapeutic potential of Mentha longifolia ssp. longifolia. Fresen Environ Bull, 26(7), 4757-4763.
33. Verma, P. K., Raina, R., Sultana, M., Singh, M., & Kumar, P. (2016). Total antioxidant and oxidant status of plasma and renal tissue of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxic rats: protection by floral extracts of Calendula officinalis Linn. Renal failure, 38(1), 142-150.
34. Mohammed, F. S., Karakaş, M., Akgül, H., Sevindik, M. (2019). Medicinal properties of Allium calocephalum collected from Gara Mountain (Iraq). Fresen Environ Bull, 28(10), 7419-7426.
35. Mohammed, F. S., Günal, S., Şabik, A. E., Akgül, H., Sevindik, M. (2020). Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activity of Scorzonera papposa collected from Iraq and Turkey. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 23(5), 1114-1118. Mohammed, F. S., Günal, S., Pehlivan, M., Doğan, M., Sevindik, M., Akgül, H. (2020). Phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of endemic Ferulago platycarpa. Gazi University Journal of Science, 33(4), 670-677.
36. Mohammed, F. S., Şabik, A. E., Sevindik, E., Pehlivan, M., Sevindik, M. (2020). Determination of Antioxidant and Oxidant Potentials of Thymbra spicata Collected from Duhok-Iraq. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 8(5), 1171-1173. Saraç, H., Demirbaş, A., Daştan, S. D., Ataş, M., Çevik, Ö., Eruygur, N. (2019). Evaluation of Nutrients and Biological Activities of Kenger (Gundellia tournefortii L.) Seeds Cultivated in Sivas Province. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(sp2), 52-58.
37. Daştan, S. D., Durukan, H., Demirbaş, A., Dönmez, E. (2019). Bioactivity and Therapeutic Properties of Evelik (Rumex crispus), A Naturally Growing and Edible Plant in Sivas Province. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(sp2), 67-71.
38. Senio, S., Pereira, C., Vaz, J., Sokovic, M., Barros, L., Ferreira, I. C. (2018). Dehydration process influences the phenolic profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Galium aparine L. Industrial Crops and Products, 120, 97-103.
39. Ilyina, T. V., Goryacha, O. V., Toryanik, E. L., Kulish, I. A., Kovaleva, A. M. (2016). Antimicrobial Activity of the Genus Galium L.
40. Bolivar, P., Cruz-Paredes, C., Hernández, L. R., Juárez, Z. N., Sánchez-Arreola, E., Av-Gay, Y., Bach, H. (2011). Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic activities of Galium mexicanum. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 137(1), 141-147.
41. Atmaca, H., Bozkurt, E., Cittan, M., Tepe, H. D. (2016). Effects of Galium aparine extract on the cell viability, cell cycle and cell death in breast cancer cell lines. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 186, 305-310.