Fekal Mikrobiyota Transplantasyonu Ve Hemşirelik

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 91 - 108, 25.08.2020

Zülfiye Bıkmaz , Mervet Çiçek

Öz

Fekal mikrobiyota transplantasyonu, bozulan intestinal mikrobiyomun sağlıklı hale getirilmesine yönelik bir tedavi yöntemidir. Küresel açıdan önemli bir nozokomiyal enfeksiyon olan Clostridium difficile enfeksiyonlarının tedavisi için önemli bir yöntemdir. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda çeşitli hastalıklar açısından da tedavi umudu yaratan bu yenilikçi tedavi yöntemi etkili bir hemşirelik bakımı gerektiren kompleks bir süreçtir. Nakil süreci, hasta seçimi, doğru donör seçimi, fekal içeriğin uygun şekilde hazırlanması, nakil yöntemleri ve yönetimi, enfeksiyon kontrolü, pre ve posttransplantasyon sürecinde eğitim ve iyi bir hasta izlemini içerisinde barındırmaktadır. Her bir aşamasının iyi anlaşılması, hemşirelik süreçlerinin etkili bir şekilde yönetilmesini kolaylaştıracağı düşüncesi ile bu derleme hazırlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikrobiyota, Clostridium Difficile, Transplantasyon, Hemşirelik, Bakım

Teşekkür

Motivasyonel desteklerinden dolayı Gülsüm MEHDİYEV’e teşekkürlerimizi sunarız. (maddi ya da bilimsel destek yoktur)

Kaynakça

• Aas J., Gessert C.E., & Bakken J.S. (2003). “Recurrent Clostridium difficile Colitis: Case Series Involving 18 Patients Treated with Donor Stool Administered via a Nasogastric Tube”. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 36(5), 580–585. Adams J.B., Johansen L.J., Powell L.D., Quig D., & Rubin R.A. (2011). Gastrointestinal flora and gastrointestinal status in children with autism – comparisons to typical children and correlation with autism severity. BMC Gastroenterology, 11(22), 1-13. Agrawal M., Aroniadis O.C., Brandt L.J., Kelly C., Freeman S., Surawicz C., Broussard E., Stollman N., Giovanelli A., Smith B., Yen E., Trivedi A., Hubble L., Kao D., Borody T., Finlayson S., Ray A., & Smith R. (2015). The Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Recurrent, Severe, and Complicated Clostridium difficile Infection in 146 Elderly Individuals. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 50, 403–407. Angelberger S., Reinisch W., Makristathis A., Lichtenberger C., Dejaco C., Papay P., Novacek G., Trauner M., Loy A., & Berry D. (2013). Temporal Bacterial Community Dynamics Vary Among Ulcerative Colitis Patients After Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 108(10), 1620–1630. Bakken J.S., Borody T., Brandt L.J., Brill J.V., Demarco D.C., Franzos M.A., Kelly C., Khoruts A., Louie T., Martinelli T.A., Russell G., & Surawicz C. (2011). Treating Clostridium difficile Infection with Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 9(12), 1044–1049. Baxter M., Ahmad T., Colville A., & Sheridan R. (2015). Fatal Aspiration Pneumonia as a Complication of Fecal Microbiota Transplant. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 61(1), 136–137. Blackburn L.M., Baleş A., Coldwell M., Lee, C., Hamilton S. & Kreider H., (2015). Fecal mikrobiyota transplantation in patients with cancer undergoing treatment. Advanced Pratice Nursing Issues. 19(1), 111-115. Borody T., Nowak A., Torres M., Campbell J., Finlayson S., & Leis S. (2012). Bacteriotherapy in chronic fatique syndrome (CFS): A Retrospective review. Am J Gastroenterol, 107, S591-S592. Borody T.J. & Campbell J. (2012). Fecal microbiota transplantation: techniques, applications, and issues. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 41, 781-803. Borody T.J., Campbell J., Torres M., Nowak A. & Leis S. (2011). Reversal of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Am J Gastroenterol 106, S352. Borody T.J. & Khoruts A. (2011). Fecal microbiota transplantation and emerging applications. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 9(2), 88–96. Borody T.J., Paramsothy S. & Agrawal G. (2013). Fecal microbiota transplantation: Indications, methods, evidence, and future directions. Current Gastroenterology Reports, 15(337), 1–7. Borody T.J., Warreni E.F., Leis S.M., Surace R., Ashman O. & Siarakas, S. (2004). Bacteriotherapy using fecal flor. J Clin Gastroenterol, 38(6), 475-483. Boyle M.L., Ruth-Sahd L.A. & Zhou Z. (2015). Fekal mikrobiyota transplant to treat recurrent clostridium difficile infections). Feature.The Journal For High Acuity Progressive and Critical Care Nursing. 35(2), 51-64. Brandt L.J., Aroniadis O.C., Mellow M., Kanatzar A., Kelly C., Park T., Stollman N., Rohlke F. & Surawlicz, C. (2012). Longterm follow-up of colonoscopic fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent Clostridium diffi cile infection. Am J Gastroenterol, 107, 1079 – 87. Brandt L.J., Borody T.J. & Campbell J. (2011). Endoscopic Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 45(8), 655–657. Cammarota G., Ianiro G., Tilg H., Rajilić-Stojanović M., Kump P., Satokari R., Sokol H., Arkkila P., Pintus C., Hart A., Segal J., Aloi M., Masucci L., Molinaro A., Scaldaferri F., Gasbarrini G., Lopez-Sanroman A., Link A., de Groot E., de Vos W.M., Högenauer C., Malfertheiner P., Mattila E., Milosavljević T., Nieuwdrop M., Sanguinetti M., Simren M., Gasbarrini A., & The European FMT Working Group (2017). European consensus conference on faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice. Gut, 66, 569-580. Cammarota G., Ianiro G. & Gasbarrini A. (2014). Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for the Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 48(8), 693–702. Cammarota G., Masucci L., Ianiro G., Bibbò S., Dinoi G., Costamagna G., Sanguinetti M. & Gabarrini, A. (2015). Randomised clinical trial: faecal microbiota transplantation by colonoscopy vs. vancomycin for the treatment of recurrentClostridium difficileinfection. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 41(9), 835–843. Center for Infection Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) (2018). New C diff guidelines incorporate fecal transplant. http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2018/02/new-c-diff-guidelines-incorporate-fecal-transplant ET;08.03.2018 Chehri M., Christensen A.H., Halkjær S.I., Günther S., Petersen A.M. & Helms M. (2018). Case series of successful treatment with fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) oral capsules mixed from multiple donors even in patients previously treated with FMT enemas for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Medicine, 97, 31(e11706). Chow J., Lee S.M., Shen Y., Khosravi A. & Mazmanian S.K. (2010). Host bacterial symbiosis in health and disease. Adv Immunol, 107, 243–274. Cohen S.H., Gerding D.N., Johnson S., Kelly C.P., Loo V.G., McDonald L.C., Pepin J. & Wilcox M.H. (2010). Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium diffi cile infection in adults: 2010 Update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology, 31(5), 431 – 455. Costello S.P., Conlon M.A., Vuaran M.S., Roberts-Thomson I.C. & Andrews J.M. (2015). Faecal microbiota transplant for recurrentClostridium difficileinfection using long-term frozen stool is effective: clinical efficacy and bacterial viability data. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 42(8), 1011–1018. Dowle C. (2016). Faecal microbiota transplantation: a review of FMT as an alternative treatment for Clostridium difficile infection. Bioscience Horizons, 9, 1-14. Drekonja D., Reich J., Gezahegn S., Greer N., Shaukat A., MacDonald R., Rutks I. & Wilt T.J. (2015). Fecal Microbiota Transplantation forClostridium difficileInfection. Annals of Internal Medicine, 162(9), 630. Durack J. & Lynch S.V. (2019). The gut microbiome: Relationships with disease and oppurtunities for therapy. JEM Journal of Experimentl Medicine, 216(1), 20-40. Eiseman B., Silen W., Bascom G.S. & Kauvar A.J. (1958). Fecal enema as an adjunct in the treatment of pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Surgery. 44, 854–9. Ergen E.K., Akalın H., Yılmaz E., Sınırtaş M., Alver O., Heper Y., Özakın C., Bakker D., Ener B., Mıstık R., Helvacı S. & Kuijper E.J. (2009). Nosocomial diarrhea and Clostridium Difficile associated diarrhea in a Turkish University Hospital. Médecine et Maladies İnfectieuses, 39, 382–387. Frank D.N., St Amand A., Feldman R., Boedeker E., Harpaz N. & Pace N. (2007). Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 104, 13780–13785. Frank J., Högenauer C., Gröchenig H.P., Hoffmann K.M., Reicht G., Wenzl H.H., Petritsch W. & Kump P.K. (2015). Safety of fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with chronic colitis and immunosuppressive treatment. J Crohns Colitis Abstract, 9, S245. Gough E., Shaikh H. & Manges A.R. (2011). Systematic Review of Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation (Fecal Bacteriotherapy) for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 53(10), 994–1002. Hamilton M.J., Weingarden A.R., Sadowsky M.J. & Khoruts A.(2012). Standardized frozen preparation for transplantation of fecal microbiota for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Am J Gastroenterol, 107, 761–767. Hota S.S., Sales V., Tomlinson G., Salpeter M.J., McGeer A., Coburn B., Guttman D.S., Low D.E. & Poutanen S.M.(2016). Oral Vancomycin Followed by Fecal Transplantation Versus Tapering Oral Vancomycin Treatment for RecurrentClostridium difficileInfection: An Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 64(3),265–271. Huang Y., Wang X., Li X. & Peng N.(2016). Successful Fecal Bacteria Transplantation and nurse management for a patient with ıntractable functional constipation. Holistic Nursing Prastice, 30(2),116-121. Ianiro G., Valerio L., Masucci L., Pecere S., Bibbò S., Quaranta G., Posteraro B., Currò D., Sanguinetti M., Gasbarrini A. & Cammarota. G. (2017). Predictors of failure after single faecal microbiota transplantation in patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: results from a 3-year, single-centre cohort study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 23(5), 337.e1–337.e3. İbn Sina. (2017). El-Kanun Fi’t-Tıbb. Üçüncü Kitap-2, (Çev. Esin Kâhya). Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Yayınları, Ankara. Karaçay B. (2010). İçimizdeki dünya: Mikrobiyom. Bilim ve Teknik, 515, 36-43. Karadsheh Z. & Sule S.(2013). Fecal transplantation for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium Difficile infection. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 5(6),339-343. Kassam Z., Lee C.H., Yuan Y. & Hunt R.H.(2013). Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Clostridium diffi cile Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Gastroenterol, 108, 500–508. Kau A.L., Ahem P.P., Griffin N.W., Goodman A.L. & Gordon J.I.(2011). Human nutrition, the gut microbiome and the immune system. Nature, 474,327–336. Kelly C. R., Ihunnah C., Fischer M., Khoruts A., Surawicz C., Afzali A., Aroniadis O., Barto A., Borody T., Giovanelli A., Gordon S., Gluck M., Hohmann E.L., Kao D., Kao J.Y., McQullen D.P., Mellow M., Rank K.M., Rao K., Ray A., Schwartz M.A., Singh N., Stollman N., Suskind D.L., Vindigni S.M., Youngster I. & Brandt L.(2014). Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection in Immunocompromised Patients. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 109(7),1065–1071. Kelly C.R., Kunde S.S. & Khoruts A.(2014). A How to Guide: Investigational New Drug Application for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 12(2),283–288. Khanna S., Vazquez-Baeza Y., González A., Weiss S., Schmidt B., Muñiz-Pedrogo D.A., Rainey J.F., Kammer P., Nelson H., Sadowsky M., Khoruts A., Farrugia S.L., Knight R., Pardi D.S. & Kashyap P.C.(2017). Changes in microbial ecology after fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent C. difficile infection affected by underlying inflammatory bowel disease. Microiome, 5(55),2-8. Kho Z.Y. & Lal S.K.(2018). The Human Gut Microbiome–A Potential Controller of Wellness and Disease. Frontiers in Microbiology. 9(1835),1-23. Lee C.H., Steiner T., Petrof E.O., Smieja M., Roscoe D., Nematallah A., Weese S., Collins S., Moayyedi P., Crowther M., Ropeleski M.J., Jayaratne P., Higgins D., Li Y., Rau N.V. & Kim P.T.(2016). Frozen vs Fresh Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Clinical Resolution of Diarrhea in Patients With RecurrentClostridium difficileInfection. JAMA, 315(2),142-149. Lee W.J., Lattimer L.D.N., Stephen S., Borum M.L. & Doman D.B.(2015). Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: A Review of Emerging Indications Beyond Relapsing Clostridium difficile Toxin Colitis. Gastroenterol Hepatol(NY). 11(1),24-32. Leis S., Borody T.J., Jiang C. & Campbell J.(2015). Fecal microbiota transplantation: A “How-To” guide for nurses. Collegian, 22(4),445-51 Ley R.E., Turnbaugh P.J., Klein S. & Gordon, J.I.(2006). Human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature, 444(7122),1022–1023. Louie T.J., Miller M.A., Mullane K.M., Weis K., Letnek A., Golan Y., Gorbach S., Sears P. & Shue Y-K.(2011). Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infection. N Engl J Med. 364,422–31. MacConnachie A.A., Fox R., Kennedy D.R. & Seaton R.A.(2009). Faecal transplant for recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: A UK case series. QJM, 102(11),781–784. Maslowski K.M., Vieira A.T., Ng A., Kranich J., Sierro F., Yu D., Schilter H.C., Rolph M.S., Mackay F., Artis D., Xavier R.J., Teixeira M.M. & Mackay C.R.(2009). Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43. Nature, 461(7268),1282–1286. Moayyedi P., Marshall J.K., Yuan Y. & Hunt R.(2014). Canadian Association of Gastroenterology position statement: Fecal microbiota transplant therapy. Can J. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 28(2),66-68. Mullish B.H., Marchesi J.R., Thursz M.R. & Williams H.R.T.(2015). Microbiome manipulation with faecal microbiome transplantation as a therapeutic strategy in Clostridium difficile infection. Q.J. Med. 108,355–359. Mullish B.H., Quraishi M.N., Segal J.P., McCune V.L., Baxter M., Marsden G.L., Moore D.J., Colville A., Bhala N., Iqbal T.H., Settle C., Kontkowski G., Hart A.L., Hawke, P.M., Goldenberg S.D. & Williams H.R.T.(2018). The use of faecal microbiota transplant as treatment for recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infection and other potential indications: joint British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Healthcare Infection Society (HIS) guidelines. Gut, 67,1920–1941. Ottman N., Smidt H., de Vos W.M. & Belzer. C.(2012). The function of our microbiota: who is out there and what do they do? Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 9(104),1-11. Persky S.E. & Brandt L.J.(2000).Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea by administration of donated stool directly through a colonoscope. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 95(11),3283–3285. Qin J., Li Y., Cai Z., Li S., Zhu J., Zhang F., Liang S., Zhang W., Guan Y., Shen D., Peng Y., Zhang D., Jie Z., Wu W., Qin Y., Xue W., Li J., Han L., Lu D., Wu P., Dai Y., Sun X., Li. Z., Tang A., Zhong S., Li X., Chen W., Xu R., Wang M., Feng Q., Gong M., Yu J., Zhang Y., Zhang M., Hansen T., Sanchez G., Raes J., Falony G., Okuda S., Almeida M., LeChatelier E., Renault P., Pons N., Batto J-M., Zhang Z., Chen H., Yang R., Zheng W., Li S., Yang H., Wang J., Ehrlich D., Nielsen R., Pedersen O., Kristiansen K. & Wang J.(2012). A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes. Nature, 490(7418),55–60. Ramai D., Zakhia K., Ofosu A., Ofori E. & Reddy M.(2019). Fecal microbiota transplantasyon: donor relation, fresh or frozen, delivery methods, cost-effectiveness. Ann Gastroenterol. 32(1),30-38. Rogers G.B.(2015). The human microbiome: opportunities and challenges for clinical care. Internal Medicine Journal, 45(9),889–898. Rogers G.B. & Bruce K.D.(2013). Challenges and opportunities for faecal microbiota transplantation therapy. Epidemiology & Infection, 141,2235–2242. Rohlke F., Surawicz, C.M. & Stollman, N.(2010). Fecal Flora Reconstitution for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection: Results and Methodology. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 44(8), 567–570. Rossen N.G., Fuentes S., van der Spek M.J., Tijsse J., Hartman J.H.A., Duflou A., Löwenberg M., van den Bink G.R., Mathus-Vliegen E.M.H., de Vos W.M., Zoetendal E.G., D’Haens G.R. & Posioen C.Y.(2015). Findings From a Randomized Controlled Trial of Fecal Transplantation for Patients With Ulcerative Colitis. Gastroenterology, 149(1),110–118.e4. Samuel B.P., Crumb T.L. & Duba M.M. (2014). What nurses need to know about Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Education, assessment, and care for children and young adults. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 29, 354-361. Satokari R., Mattila E., Kainulainen V. & Arkkila P.E.T.(2015). Simple faecal preparation and efficacy of frozen inoculum in faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficileinfection-An observational cohort study. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 41(1), 46–53. Scher J.U. & Abramson S.B. (2011). The microbiome and rheumatoid arthritis. Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 7(10), 569–578. Schwartz M., Gluck M. & Koon S.(2013). Norovirus Gastroenteritis After Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection Despite Asymptomatic Donors and Lack of Sick Contacts. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 108(8),1367–1367. Silverman M.S., Davis I. & Pillai D.R. (2010). Success of Self-Administered Home Fecal Transplantation for Chronic Clostridium difficile Infection. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 8(5), 471–473. Sokol H., Galperine T., Kapel N., Bourlioux P., Seksik P., Barbut F., Scanzi J., Chast F., Batista R., Joly F., Joly A-C., Collignon A., Guery B., Beaugerie L. & fort he French Group of Faecal microbiota Transplantation (FGFT)(2015). Faecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: Recommendations from the French Group of Faecal microbiota Transplantation. Digestive and Liver Disease, 48(3), 242–247. Solari P.R., Fairchild P.G., Noa L.J. & Wallace M.R.(2014). Tempered Enthusiasm for Fecal Transplant. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 59(2),319–319. Trubiano J.A., Cheng A.C., Korman T.M., Roder C., Campbell A., May M.L.A., Blyth C.C., Ferguson J.K., Blackmore T.K., Riley T.V. & Athan E.(2016). Australasian Society of Infectious Diseases updated guidelines for the management of Clostridium difficileinfection in adults and children in Australia and New Zealand. Internal Medicine Journal, 46(4),479–493. Uygun, A.(2017). Fekal Mikrobiyota Transplantasyonu. Journal of BSHIR, 1(Special Issue),132-140. van Beurden Y.H., de Groot P.F., van Nood E., Nieuwdrop M., Keller J.J., & Goorhuis A.(2017). Compliction, effectiveness, and long term follow-up of fecal microbiota transfer by nasoduodenal tube for treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection. United European Gastroenterol J. 5(6),868-879. van Nood E., Vrieze A., Nieuwdorp M., Fuentes S., Zoetendal E. G., de Vos W. M., Visser C.E., Kuijper E.J., Bartelsman J.F.W.M., Tijssen J.G.P., Speelman P., Dijkgraaf M.G.W. & Keller J.J.(2013). Duodenal Infusion of Donor Feces for Recurrent Clostridium difficile. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(5),407–415. Walton J., Burns D. & Goehle K.E.(2017). Process and outcome of Fecal Microbiota Transplants in patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection. Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates. 40(5),411-419. Wang J-W., KuoC-H., Kuo F-C., Wang Y-K., Hsu W-H., Yu F-J., Hu H-M., Hsu W-H., Wang J-Y. & Wu D-C.(2019). Fecal microbiota transplantation: Review and update. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 118,S23-S31. Yang T., Santisteban M.M., Rodriguez V., Li E., Ahmari N., Carvajal J.M., Zadeh M., Gong M., Qi Y., Zubcevic J., Sahay B., Pepine C.J., Raizada M.K. & Mohamadzadeh M.(2015). Gut Dysbiosis Is Linked to Hypertension Novelty and Significance. Hypertension, 65(6),1331–1340. Yoon S.S. & Brandt L.J.(2010). Treatment of Refractory/Recurrent C. difficile-associated Disease by Donated Stool Transplanted Via Colonoscopy. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 44(8),562–566. Youngster I., Sauk J., Pindar C., Wilson R.G., Kaplan J.L., Smith M.B., Alm E.J., Gavers D., Russell G.H. & Hohmann E.L.(2014). Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Relapsing Clostridium difficile Infection Using a Frozen Inoculum From Unrelated Donors: A Randomized, Open-Label, Controlled Pilot Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 58(11),1515-1522.