Demans Hastalarına Bakım Verenlerin Öz Yeterliliği, Yaşam Kalitesi ve Bakım Yükü

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 106 - 117, 25.08.2022

Arzu Uslu Ülkü Polat

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Alzheimer tipi demans hastalarına bakım veren bireylerin öz yeterlilik düzeyleri ile
yaşam kalitesi ve bakım yükü arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı çalışmanın örneklemini Alzheimer tipi demanslı hastalara bakım veren 145 birey
oluşturmuştur. Veriler “Hasta Bakım Veren Tanıtım Formu”, “Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği”, “SF-36 Yaşam Kalitesi
Ölçeği”, “Bakıcı Yükü Ölçeği” ve “Barthel İndeksi” kullanılarak toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Bakım verenler 53.34±11 yaş ortalamasında %77.9'u kadın, %35.9'u üniversite mezunu, %74.5'i
evlidir. Çalışmada bakım verenlerin Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği ile Bakım Veren Yükü Ölçeği ve SF-36 Yaşam
Kalitesi Ölçeği puan ortalamaları arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Çalışma
ayrıca bakım verenlerin Bakım Veren Yükü Ölçeği puan ortalamaları ile SF-36 Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği puan
ortalamaları arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir (p<0.05). Hastaların bağımlılık
düzeyi arttıkça bakım verenlerin bakım veren yükünün arttığı ve öz-yeterlik düzeylerinin azaldığı belirlendi
(p<0.05).
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Bu çalışma alzheimer tipi demanslı hastalara bakım verenlerde öz yeterlilik, yaşam
kalitesi ve bakım verme yükü arasında ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Alzheimer hastalarına bakım verenlerin öz-etkililiklerini ve yaşam kalitelerini artırmaya yönelik daha kapsamlı çalışmaların ve müdahalelerin yapılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Demans-Alzheimer Tipi, Bakım Veren, Bakım Yükü, Yaşama Kalitesi, Öz Yeterlilik.

Self-Efficacy, Quality of Life and Care Burden in Caregivers of Patients with Dementia

Öz

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy, quality of life, and care
burden in caregivers of patient with dementia.
Method: In a descriptive study, 145 individuals who cared for patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's
type were participated. The data were collected using “Patient Caregiver Presentation Form”, “Self-Efficacy Scale”, “SF-36 Quality of Life Scale”, “Caregiver Burden Scale”, and “Barthel Index”.
Results: The caregivers were 77.9% female, 35.9% university graduate, 74.5% married, with an average
age of 53.34±11 years. Our results found a significant negative correlation among the mean scores of the
self-efficacy and the care burden of the caregivers (p<0.05). Also, the study showed a significant negative correlation between the mean of the care burden and the quality of life of the caregivers (p<0.05). It was determined that as the dependence level of the patients increased, the caregiver burden of the caregivers increased and their self-efficacy levels decreased (p<0.05).
Conclusion and Suggestions: This study showed that there was a negative relationship between selfefficacy and quality of life and care burden in caregivers of patients with alzheimer type dementia. So, it is recommended to do more comprehensive studies and interventions to enhance self-efficacy and quality life of the caregivers of Alzheimer patients.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dementia-Alzheimer Type, Caregiver, Care Burden, Quality of Life, Self Efficacy.

Kaynakça

• Abdollahpour, I., Nedjat, S., Salimi, Y. & Noroozian, M. (2015). Which variable is the strongest adjusted predictor of quality of life in caregivers of patients with dementia? Psychogeriatrics, 15(1), 51-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12094
• Akyar, İ. & Akdemir, N. (2009). Alzheimer hastalarına bakım verenlerin yaşadıkları güçlükler. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Dergisi, 16(3), 32-49. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/88532
• Andreakou, M. I., Papadopoulos, A. A., Panagiotakos, D. B. & Niakas, D. (2016). Assessment of health-related quality of life for caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease patients. International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 9213968. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9213968
• Au, A., Lau, K. M., Sit, E., Cheung, G., Lai, M. K., Wong, S. A. & Fok, D. (2010). The role of self-efficacy in the Alzheimer's family caregiver stress process: a partial mediator between physical health and depressive symptoms. Clinical Gerontologists, 33(4), 298-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2010.502817
• Buhse, M. (2008). Assessment of caregiver burden in families of persons with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 40(1), 25-31. https://journals.lww.com/jnnonline/Fulltext/2008/02000/Assessment_of_Caregiver_Burden_in_Families_of.5.aspx?casa_token=c42Olv8rPoUAAAAA:AAJ9rRiRY_VGBwo6hogf9Vr3nFcYy4CJb4ldf4TVvF-L205QWvoG0VpJLXzF7agtuPHY9Wo1R4ILL_KfbEl91yAqz
• Canonici, A. P., Andrade, L. P. D., Gobbi, S., Santos‐Galduroz, R. F., Gobbi, L. T. B. & Stella, F. (2012). Functional dependence and caregiver burden in Alzheimer's disease: A controlled trial on the benefits of motor intervention. Psychogeriatrics, 12(3), 186-192. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8301.2012.00407.x
• Cheng, S. T., Lam, L. C., Kwok, T. & Siu Siu, Ng. N. (2013). Self-efficacy is associated with less burden and more gains from behavioral problems of Alzheimer’s disease in Hong Kong Chinese caregivers. Gerontologist, 53(1), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gns062
• Crellin, N. E., Orrell, M., McDermott, O. & Charlesworth, G. (2014). Self-efficacy and health-related quality of life in family carers of people with dementia: A systematic review. Aging & Mental Health, 18(8), 954-969. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.915921
• Du, J., Shao, S., Jin G. H., Xu, W. & Lu, X. Q. (2017). Factors associated with health-related quality of life among family caregivers of disabled older adults: a cross-sectional study from Beijing. Medicine (Baltimore), 96(44), e8489. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000008489
• Ertekin, A., Demir, R., Özdemir, G., Özel, L., Özyıldırım, E. & Ulvi, H. (2015). An investigation of the risk factors and prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in the eastern region of Turkey: A population based door-to-door survey. European Journal of General Medicine, 12(2), 144-151. https://doi.org/10.15197/sabad.1.12.29
• Gallagher, D., Ni Mhaolain, A., Crosbya, L. & Ryan, D. (2011). Self-efficacy for managing dementia may protect against burden and depression in Alzheimer’s caregivers. Aging Mental Health, 15(6), 663-670. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2011.562179
• Gözüm, S. & Aksayan, S. (1999). Öz etkililik yeterlik ölçegi'nin Türkçe formunun güvenilirlik ve geçerliliği. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 2(1), 21-34. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/29103
• Grano, C., Lucidi, F. & Violani, C. (2017). The relationship between caregiving self-efficacy and depressive symptoms in family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer disease: A longitudinal study. International Psychogeriatrics, 29(7), 1095-1103. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610217000059
• Gündüz Saraç, H. F. (2020). Alzheimer hastalarının fonksiyonel kapasitesinin ve bakım verenin duygusal zekâ düzeyinin bakım verme yükü ile ilişkisi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü]. http://acikerisim.pau.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11499/35322/Hatice%20Feyza%20G%c3%9cND%c3%9cZ%20SARA%c3%87-SBE%20%c4%b0UTABD%20YL%20TEZ.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
• İnci, F. H. & Erdem, M. (2008). Bakım verme yükü ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokul Dergisi, 11(4), 85-95. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/29438
• Kang, H. S., Myung, W., Na, D. L., Kim, S. Y., Lee, J. H., Han, S. H., Choi, S. H., Kim, S. Y., Kim, S. & Kim, D. K. (2014). Factors associated with caregiver burden in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatry Investigation, 11(2), 152-159. https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2014.11.2.152.
• Koçyiğit, H., Aydemir, Ö., Fişek, G. & Ölmez, N. (1999). Kısa Form-36 (SF-36)’nın Türkçe versiyonunun güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği. İlaç ve Tedavi Dergisi, 12(2), 102-106.
• Küçükdeveci, A. A., Yavuzer, G., Tennant, A. & Süldür, N. (2000). Adaptation of the modified Barthel Index for use in physical medicine and rehabilitation in Turkey. Sandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 32(2), 87-92. https://europepmc.org/article/med/10853723
• Landeiro, F., Walsh, K., Ghinai, I., Mughal, S., Nye, E. & Wace, H. et al. (2018). Measuring quality of life of people with predementia and dementia and their caregivers: A systematic review protocol. BMJ Open, 8(3): e019082. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019082.
• Mahoney, K. & Barthel, M. (1965). Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index. Maryland State Medical Journal, 14(2), 56-6. https://stopstroke.massgeneral.org/pdfs/barthel_reprint.pdf
• Martin-Carrasco, M., Martin, M. F., Valero, C. P., Vazquez, ALG. & Vilanova, M. B. (2009). Effectiveness of a psychoeducational ıntervention program in the reduction of caregiver burden in alzheimer's disease patients' caregivers. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(5), 489-499. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2142
• Özer, S. (2010). Demanslı Hasta ve Bakım Verenlerin Yaşam Kalitesi. Türk Geriatri Dergisi, 13(3), 27-35. http://geriatri.dergisi.org/uploads/pdf/pdf_TJG_511.pdf
• Romero-Moreno, R., Losada, A., Mausbach, BT. & Márquez-González, M. (2011). Analysis of the moderating effect of self-efficacy domains in different points of the dementia caregiving process. Aging Ment Health, 15(2), 221-231. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2010.505231
• Semiatin, A. M. & O’Connor, M. K. (2012). The relationship between self-efficacy and positive aspects of caregiving in Alzheimer's disease caregivers. Aging Mental Health, 16: 683-688. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2011.651437
• Serrano-Aguilar, P. G., Lopez-Bastida, J. & Yanes-Lopez, V. (2006). Impact on health-related quality of life and perceived burden of informal caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroepidemiology, 27(3), 136-142. https://doi.org/10.1159/000095760
• Sherer, M. & Maddux, J. (1982). The self efficacy self-efficacyscale: construction and validation. Psychological Reports, 51(2), 663-671. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1982.51.2.663
• Srivastava, G., Tripathi, R. K., Tiwari, S. C., Singh, B. & Tripathi, S. M. (2016). Caregiver burden and quality of life of key caregivers of patients with dementia. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 38(2), 133-136. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.178779
• Stuifbergen, A. K., Seraphine, A. & Roberts, G. (2000). An explanotory model of health promotion and quality of life in chronic disabling conditions. Nursing Research, 49(3), 122-129. https://journals.lww.com/nursingresearchonline/Fulltext/2000/05000/An_Explanatory_Model_of_Health_Promotion_and.2.aspx?casa_token=a0enc9R2hyUAAAAA:XhIPia4jFaf2SiyNZ9SHM4TrFp89Ot35u-tf4RUYw1_AHXA9I7Zvia3blFCCMxbHRmVDfglMHZpE8Fx8IaekckZC5rwJ
• Şahiner, T. (2012). Alzheimer hastalığında bakım veren yaşam kalitesi ve sorunları. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Neurology Special Topics, 5(3), 91-93. https://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/article/en-alzheimer-hastaliginda-bakimveren-yasam-kalitesi-ve-sorunlari-63946.html
• Tay, K. C., Seow, C. C., Xiao, C., Lee, H. M., Chiu, H. F. & Cihan, S. W. (2016). Structured interviews examining the burden, coping, self-efficacy and quality of life among family caregivers of persons with dementia in Singapore. Dementia, 15(2), 204-220. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24535819/
• Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health General Directorate of Health Information Systems (2021). Health statistics yearbook 2019. (https://sbsgm.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/40564/0/saglik-istatistikleri-yilligi-2019pdf.pdf)
• Unver, V., Basak, T., Tosun, N., Aslan, O. & Akbayrak, N. (2016). Care burden and self-efficacy levels of family caregivers of elderly people in Turkey. Holistic Nursing Practice, 30(3), 166-173. https://doi.org/10.1097/HNP.0000000000000148
• Ware, J. E. & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992). The MOS 36-item short form health survey (SF-36). I: conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care, 30(6), 473-483. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1593914/
• World Health Organization (2021). Dementia. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia
• Zarit, S. H., Reever, K. E. & Bach-Peterson, J. (1980). Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden. Gerontologist, 20(6), 649-655. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/20.6.649
• Zhang, S., Edwards, H., Yates, P., & Li, C. (2014). Self-efficacy partially mediates between social support and health-related quality of life in family caregivers for dementia patients in Shanghai. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 37(1-2), 34-44. https://doi.org/10.1159/000351865